Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Magnitude estimation is influenced by social power. In: Journal of Numerical Cognition 3 (2), S. 147-163. DOI: 10.5964/jnc.v3i2.52
Abstract: Examined whether social power affects estimation performance of spatial magnitudes (i.e., line estimation). Previous research has shown that social power affects basic cognitive processes and even influences the way individuals perceive their physical environment. In the present study, participants estimated the line length of a given number in an increase and a decrease condition, after (low versus high) social power had been manipulated between participants via role assignment. Results show that in the increase condition, low-power participants overestimated line lengths, whereas such a bias was not observed for high-power participants. In contrast, the power manipulation did not affect performance in the decrease condition, suggesting that proportion judgement strategies might have been applied here, thereby reducing the overall bias in line estimations. It is concluded that findings support the notion that social power has an impact on the perception of the physical environment and that perception can depend on personal as well as situational factors. Moreover, it is argued that the present research suggests that high (compared to low) social power may help people to overcome biases in overestimating magnitudes.
2008
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(2008): Sexual coercion and the misperception of sexual intent. In: Clinical psychology review 28 (1), S. 48-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.03.002
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17462798 Abstract: Misperceiving a woman's platonic interest as sexual interest has been implicated in a sexual bargaining process that leads to sexual coercion. This paper provides a comprehensive review of sexual misperception, including gender differences in perception of women's sexual intent, the relationship between sexual coercion and misperception, and situational factors that increase the risk that sexual misperception will occur. Compared to women, men consistently perceive a greater degree of sexual intent in women's behavior. However, there is evidence to suggest that this gender effect may be driven largely by a sub-group of men who are particularly prone to perceive sexual intent in women's behavior, such as sexually coercive men and men who endorse sex-role stereotypes. Situational factors, such as alcohol use by the man or woman, provocative clothing, and dating behaviors (e.g., initiating the date or making eye contact), are all associated with increased estimates of women's sexual interest. We also critique the current measurement strategies and introduce a model of perception that more closely maps on to important theoretical questions in this area. A clearer understanding of sexual perception errors and the etiology of these errors may serve to guide sexual-assault prevention programs toward more effective strategies.
Keywords: Alcohol Drinking, Biologische Marker, Coercion, Control, degree of acquaintance, eye-contact, Female, Gender Identity, Gestik, Humans, Individuality, Intention, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mimik, MODELS, Numerical Data, Perceptual Distortion, Postkasten, Prevention, Psychological, Psychologie, PSYCHOLOGY, Rape, Sex Factors, Sexual Behaviour, Social Perception, Statistics, Status, SV
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