Alle Publikationen
2007
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(2007) : Dynamics of sex-role stereotypes: Stereotype dynamics. Language-based approaches to the formation, maintenance, and transformation of stereotypes.: Hove, UK: Psychology Press, S. 135-161
Abstract: Presents an overview of research investigating the impact of socio-cultural changes on male and female social roles. Previous studies have explored perceived changes in gender stereotypes and gender-specific personality traits. Another focus of research has been the correspondence between changes in female/male social roles on the one hand, and changes in sex-stereotypic beliefs about female/male leaders and in leadership-specific personality traits on the other. Empirical evidence suggests that the dynamic nature of gender stereotypes is rooted in widespread beliefs about the distribution of men and women in social roles. The increase of females assuming traditionally male-dominated roles in recent decades has coincided with heightened perception of greater agency in women, decreased sex-stereotypic beliefs about female leaders, and decreased sex differences in leadership-specific personality traits. While men's roles have remained relatively stable, moderate changes have occurred in sex-stereotypic beliefs about men and also in men's own self-reported personality traits. zitiert von 27
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(2007) : Occupational stress research. The "Stress-as-Offense-to-Self" perspective In: Houdmont, J.; McIntyre, S. (Hg.): Occupational health psychology: European perspectives on research, education and practice: Vol. 2: Castelo da Maia, PT: ISMAI Publishers, S. 43-60
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(2007): Respect, equality, and power: A social psychological perspective. In: Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung 38 (3), S. 309-326. DOI: 10.1007/s11612-007-0027-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11612-007-0027-2 Abstract: In this article I outline a principled social psychological approach to respect. As a first definitional approximation, I suggest that respect for someone involves the willingness to include that person as a factor in the psychological equation underlying self-regulation. I then review and discuss the fairly recent, but thriving, career of the notion of respect in social psychological research, with particular emphasis on intragroup respect. Next, I turn to conceptual specification and purification necessary for a principled approach to respect and discuss promising efforts to identify the critical social psychological principle or active ingredient of respect. In particular, I make out a case for an equality-based conception of respect in which recognition as an equal plays a central role. The final section examines further theoretical and practical implications of this conception including its relation and relevance to issues of social power. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2007): Das Individuum und seine GeneseKeywords: Philosophie
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(2007): A Social Model of Moral Dumbfounding. Implications for Studying Moral Reasoning and Moral Judgment. In: Philosophical Psychology 20 (6), S. 731-748. DOI: 10.1080/09515080701694110
Abstract: Moral psychologists have recently turned their attention to a phenomenon they call ‘moral dumbfounding’. Moral dumbfounding occurs when someone confidently pronounces a moral judgment, then finds that he or she has little or nothing to say in defense of it. This paper addresses recent attempts by Jonathan Haidt and Marc Hauser to make sense of moral dumbfounding in terms of their respective theories of moral judgment; Haidt in terms of a ‘social intuitionist’ model of moral judgment, and Hauser in terms of his ‘Rawlsian creature’ model of moral judgment. I show that Haidt and Hauser assume that moral dumbfounding is to be explained in terms of features of a.) moral judgment that are b.) construed in terms of the intrinsic features of individuals. By contrast, I hypothesize that moral dumbfounding is to be explained in terms of moral reasoning, more specifically in terms of the social dynamics of such reasoning. Finally, I argue that this hypothesis points towards an externalistic account of both moral reasoning and moral judgment.
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(2007): Theories of identity and the analysis of face. In: Journal of Pragmatics 39 (4), S. 639-656. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.12.004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.12.004 Abstract: This paper explores the insights that theories of identity can offer for the conceptualisation and analysis of face. It argues that linguists will benefit from taking a multidisciplinary approach, and that by drawing on theory and research in other disciplines, especially in social psychology, they will gain a clearer and deeper understanding of face. The paper starts by examining selected theories of identity, focusing in particular on Simon's (2004) self-respect model of identity and Brewer and Gardner's (1996) theory of levels of identity. Key features from these theories are then applied to the conceptualisation and analysis of face. With the help of authentic examples, the paper demonstrates how inclusion of these multiple perspectives can offer a richer and more comprehensive understanding of face and the frameworks needed for analysing it.
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(2007): Identity, face and (im)politeness. In: Journal of Pragmatics 39 (4), S. 635-638. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2006.12.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.12.003 Abstract: Face and (im)politeness are widely discussed and debated in the pragmatics literature. This special issue, which has developed out of a symposium presented at the 7th International Pragmatics Conference at Riva del Garda, Italy in 2005, aims to enrich our understanding of these concepts by examining them from the perspective of identity. The first three papers consider the conceptual insights that different (sub-)disciplines can offer for our understanding of face, (im)politeness and the management of rapport. They draw on work in social psychology on identity, and take a cognitive pragmatic perspective to deconstruct relevant emic concepts/lexemes. The next four papers present discourse-based research on the topic. They examine different types of identities, including role identities (e.g. leaders and mentors), national identities (e.g. Turkish and British), ethnic identities (e.g. Pakeha and Maori), community identities (e.g. Cyber-parish member), as well as individual identities, and analyse how these identities impact upon the (mis)management of face and rapport.
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(2007): Trainingsprogramm zur Förderung der Sozialen Kompetenz bei altersdepressiven Patienten. In: PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 34 (3), S. 145-149. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-974644
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17487808 Abstract: Anliegen Im Rahmen der gerontopsychiatrischen stationären oder teilstationären Behandlung altersdepressiver Patienten wurde ein Programm zur Förderung der sozialen Kompetenz entwickelt. Methode Innerhalb von 6 Sitzungen (üblicherweise 2-mal wöchentlich à 50 Minuten) wird in einer festen Gruppe von ca. 5 Patienten sozial kompetentes Verhalten in Form von Gruppengesprächen besprochen und mittels Rollenspielen eingeübt. Die Themen der Sitzungen umfassen übliche grundlegende kommunikative Fähigkeiten wie Loben, Bedanken, Beschweren etc. und werden in altersangepasste Situationen übertragen. Das Programm ist geeignet für altersdepressive Patienten, sofern keine Demenz, keine Psychose oder ein schlechter körperlicher Allgemeinzustand vorliegt. Die Durchführung obliegt üblicherweise einem Psychologen oder Arzt. Zur Diagnostik und Evaluation wurde ein eigenes Verfahren entwickelt, dass innerhalb einer Verhaltensprobe versucht, das Ausmaß sozial kompetenten Verhaltens vor und nach dem Training zu erfassen. Hierzu wurde eine standardisierte Situation erzeugt, die bestimmtes assertives Verhalten erfordert. Ergebnisse Das gezeigte Verhalten galt als Indikator für soziale Kompetenz. Die am Trainingsprogramm teilnehmenden Patienten wiesen in der Verhaltensprobe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe deutlich höhere Werte im Hinblick auf die Soziale Kompetenz auf. Schlussfolgerungen Es kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass das vorliegende verhaltenstherapeutische Gruppenpsychotherapieprogramm für altersdepressive Patienten mit Defiziten im Bereich der Sozialen Kompetenz eine Verbesserung im Hinblick auf sozial kompetentes Verhalten erzielen und somit einen Beitrag zur Behandlung der Depression liefern kann. 01 Die dem Artikel zugrundeliegende Diplomarbeit des Autors unter dem Titel "Training sozialer Kompetenzen für Patienten mit Altersdepressionen" wurde im Jahr 2005 mit dem Georg-Gottlob-Studienpreis für Angewandte Psychologie des BDP ausgezeichnet. (www.bdp-verband.org/bdp/presse/2005/51111_psychologentag3.html).
Keywords: Aged, Alter, Assertiveness, Bedanken, Behavior Therapy, Beschweren, Bitten, Communication, Day Care, Medical, Depressive Disorder/rehabilitation, Disziplin, Empathie, Erkrankung, Humans, Loben, Patient Admission, Postkasten, Psychologie, Psychotherapy, Group, Role Playing, Social Adjustment, Social Behavior, social competence training, social competences, social learning, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialkompetenz, Sprachverhalten / sprachliches, zu Emotionen korreliertes Feedback, SV, training in social competences, Wertendes Sprachverhalten -
(2007): Determinants and Consequences of Survey Respondents' Social Desirability Beliefs about Racial Attitudes. In: Methodology 3 (3), S. 125-138. DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241.3.3.125
Abstract: Analyzed the beliefs of 378 interviewees about the social desirability of 10 racial attitude items from the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS). These beliefs, which serve as the basis for the incentives for social desirability (SD) bias, were found to differ according to the respondents' sex, age, and education, as well as for the analyzed attitude items. Further, it was found that these incentive differences, observed in the present western German urban sample, predicted the attitude answers of respondents from the nationwide ALLBUS survey in 1996 (N=3,229). This effect was, furthermore, stronger for respondents with congruent characteristics. The results suggest (1) that the ALLBUS data about the analyzed topic are susceptible to SD bias, (2) that particular items are more strongly affected in this respect, and (3) that differences in the racial attitude reports between certain groups of respondents may only be the result of differently strong SD bias.
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Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara; Weller, Thomas (Hg.) (2007): Wertekonflikte - Deutungskonflikte. Internationales Kolloquium des Sonderforschungsbereichs 496 an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 19.- 20. Mai 2005. Münster: Rhema
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy -
Straub, Jürgen; Weidemann, Arne; Weidemann, Doris (Hg.) (2007): Handbuch interkulturelle Kommunikation und Kompetenz. Grundbegriffe - Theorien - Anwendungsfelder. Stuttgart; Weimar: Verlag J.B. Metzler
Abstract: Ob in Tourismus, internationalem Management, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit oder Wissenschaft im Zeitalter der Globalisierung ist interkulturelle Kompetenz eine Schlüsselqualifikation. Das Handbuch verschafft einen systematischen Überblick. Es definiert Grundbegriffe wie Differenz, Identität, Verstehen, Konflikt und erörtert die wichtigsten Theorien aus Linguistik, Soziologie, Psychologie und anderen Disziplinen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen viel diskutierte Themen, darunter Migration, Medien, Rassismus. Unverzichtbar für Wissenschaft und Studium
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(2007) : Kultur In: Straub, Jürgen; Weidemann, Arne; Weidemann, Doris (Hg.): Handbuch interkulturelle Kommunikation und Kompetenz: Grundbegriffe - Theorien - Anwendungsfelder: Stuttgart; Weimar: Verlag J.B. Metzler, S. 7-24
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(2007) : Dental Patient Robot as a Mechanical Human Simulator: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics: Changchun, Jilin, China: IEEE, S. 1-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMECH.2007.4280065 Abstract: The aim of this research is the development of a patient robot for use in actual clinical training. Electro pneumatic regulators and electromagnetic valves incorporated in the robot is operated by manipulating air cylinders. It is possible to conduct training assuming several patients enabling trainees to learn a flexible response under a wide range of circumstances. A simple interface was used for ease of operation. Further, a built-in sensor inside the oral cavity responds to the trainee's actions leading to a vomiting reflex and pain during drilling teeth. Attaching the pain sensor to the body of test subjects, will also be useful for training social service workers during nursing care examinations.
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(2007): Usability, aesthetics and emotions in human–technology interaction. In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 42 (4), S. 253-264. DOI: 10.1080/00207590701396674
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590701396674 Abstract: In the past, research on human–technology interaction has almost exclusively concentrated on aspects of usefulness and usability. Despite the success of this line of research, its narrow perspective has recently become a target for criticism. To explain why people prefer some systems over others, factors such as aesthetic qualities and emotional experiences play an important role in addition to instrumental aspects. In the following, we report three experiments that illustrate the importance of such factors. In the first experiment, we study the role of emotions in human–technology interaction by using Scherer’s (1984) component theory of emotions as a theoretical foundation. A combination of methods is derived from that theory and employed to measure subjective feelings, motor expressions, physiological reactions, cognitive appraisals, and behaviour. The results demonstrate that the manipulation of selected system properties may lead to differences in usability that affect emotional user reactions. The second experiment investigates the interplay of instrumental and non-instrumental system qualities. The results show that users’ overall appraisal of a technical device is influenced by both groups of qualities. In the third experiment, we join the approaches of the first two studies to analyse the influence of usability and aesthetics within a common design. The results indicate that systems differing in these aspects affect the perception of instrumental and non-instrumental qualities as well as the users’ emotional experience and their overall appraisal of the system. Summarizing our results, we present a model specifying three central components of user experience and their interrelations (CUE-Model). The model integrates the most important aspects of human–technology interaction and hints at a number of interesting issues for future research.
Keywords: Bedienung & Handhabung -
(2007): The philosophy of sociality: The shared point of view. Oxford: Oxford University Press
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(2007): Common preferences of different user segments as basis for intelligent transport system: case study – Finland. In: IET Intelligent Transport Systems 1 (2). DOI: 10.1049/iet-its:20060065
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(2007): The Moderators and Mediators of Door-in-the-Face Requests. Is it a Negotiation or a Helping Experience?. In: Communication Monographs 74 (3), S. 333-356. DOI: 10.1080/03637750701543469
Abstract: The Door-in-the-Face ( DITF) compliance-gaining tactic occurs when a large request, expected to be rejected, is followed by a more reasonable request that is granted. The mechanisms underlying the DITF strategy remain unclear. Researchers have posed different explanations for the effectiveness of DITF, including the reciprocal concessions and the social responsibility models. These theoretical rationales for DITF were tested in a 3 ( request type: initial request only, DITF sequence, small request only) x 2 ( initial request size: moderate, large) x 2 ( solicitor familiarity: friend, stranger) between-participants experiment. Findings from the compliance data are mostly consistent with the reciprocal concessions model; but, findings from the cognitive and affective data were mixed. It appears that DITF messages are perceived as a helping situation for friends, but not for strangers. Strangers view request messages of all sizes to be a negotiation, but friends see these requests as a negotiation only when the initial request is large.
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(2007): A Formal Recognition of Social Attachments. Expanding Axel Honneth's Theory of Recognition. In: Inquiry 50 (2), S. 180-205. DOI: 10.1080/00201740701239897
Abstract: Axel Honneth draws a distinction between three types of recognition: (1) love, (2) respect and (3) social esteem. In his The Struggle for Recognition, the recognition of cultural particularity is situated in the third sphere. It will here be argued that the logic of recognition of cultural identity also demands a non-evaluative recognition, namely a respect for difference. Difference-respect is formal because it is a recognition of the value of a particular culture not 'for society" or "as such", but for the social group involved. Yet, although it is formal, difference-respect cannot be reduced to respect for personal autonomy and its preconditions, as Honneth wrongly suggests in Redistribution or Recognition? It is argued here that difference-respect is oriented towards another dimension of the person, namely social attachments. This kind of respect entails a separate register of formal recognition with a corresponding concept of personal identity and a parallel category of social disrespect. What morally justifies difference-respect from a recognition-theoretic approach is the practical relation-to-self that thus becomes possible, namely self-respect as a sense of belonging. The formal conception of the good life that Honneth articulates should include the insight that this sense of belonging is as much a necessary condition for the good life as is personal autonomy.
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(2007): "It's not tolerance I'm asking for, it's respect!". A conceptual framework to differentiate between tolerance, acceptance and (two types of) respect. In: Gruppendynamik und Organisationsberatung 38, S. 185-200
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VDE (2007): Communication in Distributed Systems - 15. ITG/GI Symposium. Bern, Switzerland: IEEE
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(2007): The Theory of the Leisure Class. Oxford: Oxford University Press (Oxford’s World Classics)
Abstract: Thorstein Veblens Theorie der feinen Leute bestimmt den „Standort und Wert der müßigen Klasse als ökonomischen Faktor im modernen Leben“ (S. 19). Diese theoretische Standortbestimmung der „müßigen“ Klasse – also einer Klasse, die nicht arbeitet und ihre Zeit ausschließlich mit „unproduktiven“ Tätigkeiten und hoch spezialisierten Konsumgewohnheiten verbringt – erfolgt als Kombination historischer und sozialevolutionärer Analysen. Veblen geht zunächst davon aus, dass gesellschaftliche Entwicklung evolutionären Prinzipien folgt und dass zwei grundsätzliche Stadien der Entwicklung voneinander unterschieden werden können: „wilde Völker“ und unterschiedliche Stufen einer „barbarischen Kultur“ (S. 25).
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(2007): A Computational Approach to Etiquette and Politeness: An "Etiquette Engine™" for Cultural Interaction Training. In: Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Behavior Representation In Modeling and Simulation
Abstract: Computational models and simulations of culture-specific social interactions are useful for a variety of applications including training, interaction or perception prediction and interpretation and even the design of machines and systems which will interact verbally with members of different cultures. To date, such models have been achieved via the scripting of specific trajectories of behaviors or, in limited instances, through very complex, “first principles” psychological models of agent motivation and goal-based behaviors. Neither of these is entirely appropriate for the production of a large series of rich and deep social interactions. We have developed a quantitative, computational implementation of a rich, universal theory of human-human “politeness” behaviors and the culture-specific interpretive frameworks for them (labeled “etiquette”) from sociology, linguistics and anthropology. This model links observable and inferred aspects of power and familiarity relationships, the degree of imposition of an act (each of which have implications for roles and intents) and the actor’s character to produce expectations about politeness behaviors. We have recently demonstrated the ability for this algorithm to produce culture-specific, politeness-appropriate utterances and perceptions of utterances in a game setting. Furthermore, our algorithmic approach to calculating culturespecific attitudes offered distinct advantages over alternate methods of producing such behaviors. Not only was it possible to more rapidly amass a much larger set of alternate trajectories through an interaction setting, but it was also possible to “swap” alternate sets of cultural knowledge to enable giving an agent alternate cultural perceptions with great ease.
Keywords: doppelter Treffer, Etikette, Etikette-Engine, Etiquette as rules of expectation, Favoriten, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Höflichkeit, Human-Computer Etikette, Human-Computer Etiquette, Mensch-Technik-Relationen, Mensch-Technische Systeme, Miller, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Status / biologische Marker, Technik, Unhöflichkeit, Volltreffer -
(2007) : Supervising Remote Task Execution in Collaborative Workflow Environments In: VDE: Communication in Distributed Systems - 15. ITG/GI Symposium: Bern, Switzerland: IEEE, S. 1-12. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5755505/
Abstract: A key problem of collaborative workflows is the - sometimes questionable - assumption that remote tasks will be executed as agreed on before. In order to enforce compliance to given requirements, evidence of the correct execution of a remote task has to be produced. However, participants of inter-organizational workflows are autonomous and information about their private business processes is often (intentionally) unavailable to service consumers. This contribution identifies and discusses distinct levels and approaches to enforce the correct execution of tasks which are executed remotely. In addition to that, specific supervising mechanisms are presented, which are able to create evidence of correct execution while preserving the autonomy of participating business partners. Finally, the identified mechanisms are integrated into a flexible architecture to support monitoring and controlling of remote services.
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(2007): Reviving the search for social intelligence - A multitrait-multimethod study of its structure and construct validity. In: Personality and Individual Differences 42 (1), S. 3-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.027
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.027 Abstract: Investigated the multidimensionality of social intelligence and the differences between this concept and the concept of academic intelligence. A total of 118 high school and 1st-year psychology students aged 17 to 33 years completed the following measures: the Chapin Social Insight Test (SIT), the Social Translation Subtest (ST), a subtest of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT-Faces), the Interpersonal Perception Task-15 (IPT-15), the Tacit Knowledge Inventory for managers (TKIM), and the Berlin Intelligence Structure Test (BIS). Additionally, social memory was tested verbally, pictorially, and video-based. Results support the suggested factor structure of social intelligence, and quite low correlations between social and academic intelligence tests are found, except for the social memory tests. It is concluded that the design of the postulated social intelligence model holds true, and that social and academic intelligence present 2 separate constructs.
Keywords: Academic Aptitude, Emotional Intelligence, Emotionale Intelligenz, Fähigkeit (Schule und Hochschule), Intelligence, Intelligenz, Modelle, MODELS, multidimensionality of social intelligence & definition of academic intelligence, numerous tests on social memory & knowledge & understanding & academic intelligence, Personality Traits & Processes, Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Persönlichkeitsprozesse, science direct, Social Skills, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziale Intelligenz, Theorien, Theories -
(2007): Evolution for everyone. How Darwin's theory can change the way we think about our lives. New York: Delacorte Press. Online verfügbar unter http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0728/2006023685-b.html
Abstract: Wilson outlines the basic principles of evolution with stories that entertain as much as they inform, and shows how, properly understood, these principles can illuminate the length and breadth of creation, from the origin of life to the nature of religion. Now everyone can move beyond the sterile debates about creationism and intelligent design to share Darwin's panoramic view of animal and human life, seamlessly connected to each other. Evolution, as Wilson explains, is not just about dinosaurs and human origins, but about why all species behave as they do--from beetles that devour their own young, to bees that function as a collective brain, to dogs that are smarter in some respects than our closest ape relatives. And basic evolutionary principles are also the foundation for humanity's capacity for symbolic thought, culture, and morality.--From publisher description Wilson outlines the basic principles of evolution with stories that entertain as much as they inform, and shows how, properly understood, these principles can illuminate the length and breadth of creation, from the origin of life to the nature of religion. Now everyone can move beyond the sterile debates about creationism and intelligent design to share Darwin's panoramic view of animal and human life, seamlessly connected to each other. Evolution, as Wilson explains, is not just about dinosaurs and human origins, but about why all species behave as they do--from beetles that devour their own young, to bees that function as a collective brain, to dogs that are smarter in some respects than our closest ape relatives. And basic evolutionary principles are also the foundation for humanity's capacity for symbolic thought, culture, and morality.--From publisher description The future can differ from the past -- Clearing the deck -- A third way of thinking -- Prove it! -- Be careful what you wish for -- Monkey madness -- How the dog got its curly tail -- Dancing with ghosts -- What is the function of a can opener? how do you know? -- Your apprentice license -- Welcome home, prodigal son -- Teaching the experts -- Murder city -- How i learned to stop worrying and love genetic determinism -- They've got personality! -- The beauty of Abraham Lincoln -- Love thy neighbor microbe -- Groups all the way down -- Divided we fall -- Winged minds -- The egalitarian ape -- Across the cooperation divide -- The first laugh -- The vital arts -- Dr. Doolittle was right -- How many inventors does it take to make a light bulb? -- I don't know how it works! -- Darwin's cathedral -- Is there anyone out there? is there anyone up there? -- Ayn Rand : religious zealot -- The social intelligence of nations, or, evil aliens need not apply -- Mr. Beeper -- The ecology of good and evil -- Mosquitoes under the bed -- The return of the amateur scientist -- Bon voyage