Alle Publikationen
2005
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(2005) : Wieviel Variation verträgt die deutsche Standardsprache?. Begriffsklärung: Standard und Gegenbegriffe In: Eichinger, Ludwig M.; Kallmeyer, Werner (Hg.): Standardvariation: Wie viel Variation verträgt die deutsche Sprache?: Berlin; New York: De Gruyter, S. 7-27
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Looi, Chee-Kit (2005): Artificial intelligence in education. Supporting learning through intelligent and socially informed technology. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. Washington, DC: IOS Press. Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=164000
Abstract: The field of Artificial Intelligence in Education includes research and researchers from many areas of technology and social science. This study aims to open opportunities for the cross-fertilization of information and ideas from researchers in the many fields that make up this interdisciplinary research area
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(2005): Social participation attenuates decline in perceptual speed in old and very old age. In: Psychology and Aging 20 (3), S. 423-434. DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.3.423
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16248702 Abstract: Does an engaged and active lifestyle in old age alleviate cognitive decline, does high cognitive functioning in old age increase the possibility of maintaining an engaged and active lifestyle, or both? The authors approach this conundrum by applying a structural equation model for testing dynamic hypotheses, the dual change score model (J. J. McArdle & F. Hamagami, 2001), to 3-occasion longitudinal data from the Berlin Aging Study (Time 1: n=516, age range=70-103 years). Results reveal that within a bivariate system of perceptual speed and social participation, with age and sociobiographical status as covariates, prior scores of social participation influence subsequent changes in perceptual speed, while the opposite does not hold. Results support the hypothesis that an engaged and active lifestyle in old and very old age may alleviate decline in perceptual speed.
Keywords: 80 and over, Aged, Computer Graphics, Discrimination Learning, Female, Gerontologie, Humans, Life Style, Likelihood Functions, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Statistical, Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychometrics/statistics & numerical data, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Reproducibility of Results, Social Behavior, Soziale Teilhabe, Statistics as Topic -
(2005): Cognitive and affective experiences of minority and majority members. The role of group size, status, and power. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 41 (4), S. 396-413. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2004.08.006
Abstract: Investigated the cognitive and affective experiences of members of minorities and majorities. Cognitive preoccupation with one's group membership and affective reactions are assumed to influence collective identification. Study 1 assigned subjects (n=61 college students, mean age 24 years) to a numerical majority or minority and measured cognitive preoccupation, emotional state, and collective identification with their ingroup. Minority members were more preoccupied with their group membership, experienced less positive affect, and identified more strongly with their ingroup. Study 2 (n=82, mean age 28 years) replicated these results irrespective of the group's relative status. Study 3 (n=102, mean age 23 years) showed that these findings only applied to groups with low power. However, collective identification was also increased in majorities with high power. The results were replicated in a field study involving a total of 194 college students (mean age 25 years) that categorized themselves as belonging to a majority or minority in one of seven social dimensions. The conceptual distinction of status and power and their interrelation in social groups is discussed, and implications for minority research are outlined. zitiert von 67
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(2005): Individual differences and cross-situational consistency of dyadic social behavior. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 89 (4), S. 643-654. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.643
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16287424 Abstract: A new theoretical analysis of individual differences and cross-situational consistency of behavior is proposed. The authors hypothesized that the social behavior of mice (Mus musculus) is determined by individual differences among animals in behavior emitted (i.e., actor effects), in behavior elicited from social partners (partner effects), and by unique responses of one animal to another (relationship effects). Each effect represents a distinct facet of individual differences with different psychological meaning; likewise, the cross-situational consistency of each effect has a distinct psychological meaning. Individual differences in behavior emitted were observed, and these actor effects were consistent longitudinally. Individual differences in behavior elicited from social partners were observed, and these partner effects were also consistent longitudinally. Unique responses to specific social partners also determined behavior but were inconsistent longitudinally. The theoretical importance of reconceptualizing the concepts of individual differences and cross-situational consistency in behavior is discussed. ((c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved).
Keywords: Animals, Behavior, Animal, Female, Male, Mice, Models, Psychological, Sex Factors, Social Behavior -
(2005): Einführung in die Erzähltheorie. 6. München: C.H. Beck
Abstract: Der Band orientiert über den aktuellen Stand der internationalen Erzählforschung und stellt unter Verwendung von Beispielen aus verschiedenen Literaturen und Epochen ein umfassendes, praktisch anwendbares Modell zur Analyse von Erzähltexten vor. Dabei finden etliche Aspekte des literarischen Erzählens Berücksichtigung, die in älteren Einführungen vernachlässigt werden. Eine kommentierte Auswahlbibliographie befördert die vertiefende Beschäftigung mit einzelnen Themenbereichen durch Verweise auf Grundlagenwerke und wichtige aktuelle Beiträge. Der Band wendet sich an Studierende und Lehrende aller literaturwissenschaftlichen Fächer. Durch sein Glossar mit Kurzdefinitionen ist er auch zum gezielten Nachschlagen einzelner Begriffe geeignet.
Keywords: Erzähltheorie -
(2005): The social psychology of good and evil. Empathy-related responding: Moral, social, and socialization correlates.. Paperback ed.. New York [u.a.]: Guilford
Abstract: In this chapter, we provide an overview of our program of research on empathy-related responding in the context of some other related work. In our view, empathy-related responding, especially sympathy, is the basis of much prosocial interpersonal behavior. We start with a discussion of definitions and critical concepts, then examine the relation of empathy-related responding to prosocial behavior and the possible role of empathy in the continuity of prosocial behavior over time. We also touch briefly on the relations of empathy-related responding to social competence, aggression, and prosocial moral reasoning. Next, we discuss the socialization of empathy-related responding, and finally, we describe how this research relates to our broader perspective on morality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 75
Keywords: Moral, Sozialpsychologie -
(2005): The false dichotomy between simulation and theory-theory: the argument's error. In: Trends in cognitive sciences 9 (8). DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2005.06.010
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Mittelstraß, Jürgen et al. (2005): Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie. Zweite, neu bearbeitete und wesentlich ergänzte Auflage. 8. Stuttgart: Metzler
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Miyake, Akira; Shah, Priti (Hg.) (2005): The Cambridge Handbook of Visuospatial Thinking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Abstract: Functional Significance of Visuospatial Representations / Barbara Tversky -- Visuospatial images / Daniel Reisberg and Friderike Heuer -- Disorders of Visuo spatial working memory / Robert Logie and Sergio Della Sala -- Individual Differences in Spatial Abilities / Mary Hegarty and David Waller -- Sex Differences in Visuospatial Abilities: More Than Meets the Eye / Diane F. Halpern and Marcia L. Collear -- Development of Spatial Competence / Nora S. Newcombe and Amy E. Learmonth -- Navigation / Daniel R. Montello -- Mapping the Understanding of Understanding Maps / Holly A. Taylor -- Spatial Situation Models / Mike Rinck -- Design Applications of Visual Spatial Thinking: The Importance of Frame of Reference / Christopher D. Wickens, Michele Vincow, Michele -- The presentation and comprehension of graphically-presented data / Priti Shah, Eric G. Freedman, Ioanna Vekiri -- Multimedia Learning: Guiding Visuospatial Thinking with Instructional Animation / Richard E. Mayer The ability to navigate across town, comprehend an animated display of the functioning of the human heart, view complex multivariate data on a company's website, or to read an architectural blueprint and form a three-dimensional mental picture of a house are all tasks involving visuospatial thinking. The field of visuospatial thinking is a relatively diverse interdisciplinary research enterprise. An understanding of visuospatial thinking, and in particular, how people represent and process visual and spatial information, is relevant not only to cognitive psychology but also education, geography, architecture, medicine, design computer science/artificial intelligence, semiotics and animal cognition. The goal of this book, first published in 2005, is to present a broad overview of research on visuospatial thinking that can be used by researchers as well as students interested in this topic in both basic research and applied/naturalistic contexts
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(2005): Opinion. The neural basis of human moral cognition. In: Nature reviews. Neuroscience 6 (10), S. 799-809. DOI: 10.1038/nrn1768
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16276356 Abstract: Moral cognitive neuroscience is an emerging field of research that focuses on the neural basis of uniquely human forms of social cognition and behaviour. Recent functional imaging and clinical evidence indicates that a remarkably consistent network of brain regions is involved in moral cognition. These findings are fostering new interpretations of social behavioural impairments in patients with brain dysfunction, and require new approaches to enable us to understand the complex links between individuals and society. Here, we propose a cognitive neuroscience view of how cultural and context-dependent knowledge, semantic social knowledge and motivational states can be integrated to explain complex aspects of human moral cognition.
Keywords: Beeinflussung sozial angemessenen Verhaltens, Brain/physiology, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, Cognition/physiology, Disziplin, Good manners, Humans, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kultursensibilität, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Moral und Kognition, moralisches Wissen, Morals, Neural Pathways/physiology, Neurosciences/methods, Neurowissenschaften, Normen, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Postkasten, Psychologie, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technik -
(2005) : Navigation In: Miyake, Akira; Shah, Priti (Hg.): The Cambridge Handbook of Visuospatial Thinking: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, S. 257-294
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(2005) : Human perspective on affective robotic behavior: a longitudinal study: 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems: Edmonton, AB, Canada, 2-6 August 2005: 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems: Edmonton, Alta., Canada: 8/2/2005 - 8/2/2005. IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers: Piscataway, N.J: IEEE Operations Center, S. 1444-1451
Abstract: Humans are inherently social creatures, and affect plays no small role in their social nature. We use our emotional expressions to communicate our internal state, our moods assist or hinder our interactions on a daily basis, we constantly form lasting attitudes towards others, and our personalities make us uniquely predisposed to perform certain tasks. In this paper, we present a framework under development that combines these four areas of affect to influence robotic behavior, and describe initial results of a longitudinal human-robot interaction study. The study was designed to inform the development of the framework in order to increase ease and pleasantness of human-robot interaction.
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Müller, Ernst (2005): Begriffsgeschichte im Umbruch?. Zentrum für Literaturforschung; Workshop Begriffsgeschichte im Umbruch. Hamburg: Meiner (Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte Sonderheft). Online verfügbar unter http://www.meiner.de
Abstract: Gibt es eine Zukunft der begriffsgeschichtlichen Forschung nach dem Abschluss der disziplinären Großprojekte? In exemplarischen Fallstudien reflektieren die Autoren Begriffsgeschichte und historische Semantik zugleich vor dem Hintergrund der kulturwissenschaftlichen Wende der Geisteswissenschaften und der Überwindung eines disziplinär segmentierten Kulturbegriffs. Methodisch rücken dabei metapherntheoretische, sprachpragmatische und diskursgeschichtliche Fragestellungen und ihre Verbindung stärker in den Mittelpunkt, in technischer Hinsicht werden neue Möglichkeiten der Nutzung von Computer und Internet bei der Recherche, Präsentation und Vernetzung semantikgeschichtlicher Befunde geprüft.
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(2005): MIND MODEL AND SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HUMAN-MACHINE COLLABORATIVE SYSTEMS. In: IFAC Proceedings Volumes 38 (1), S. 100-105. DOI: 10.3182/20050703-6-CZ-1902.01419
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3182/20050703-6-CZ-1902.01419 Abstract: Even though social intelligence has not been clearly defined yet, consideration of this new type of intelligence should be important for realizing a new generation of human-machine collaborative systems based on human-centered system design policy. In this article, social intelligence and mind model for implementing socially intelligent agents are studied. At first, emotional and affective aspect of social intelligence is mainly discussed because the aspect is considered as more important in contrast with goal-oriented intelligence. Then, implementation of the mind model and its application as an experiment system is discussed with considering the experiment results.
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(2005): Wired for speech. How voice activates and advances the human-computer relationship. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press (Computer-human interaction)
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(2005) : Cultural Schema Theory In: Gudykunst, W. B.: Theorizing about Intercultural Communication: Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage, S. 401-419
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(2005): Evolution of indirect reciprocity. In: Nature 437 (7063), S. 1291-1298. DOI: 10.1038/nature04131
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16251955 Abstract: Natural selection is conventionally assumed to favour the strong and selfish who maximize their own resources at the expense of others. But many biological systems, and especially human societies, are organized around altruistic, cooperative interactions. How can natural selection promote unselfish behaviour? Various mechanisms have been proposed, and a rich analysis of indirect reciprocity has recently emerged: I help you and somebody else helps me. The evolution of cooperation by indirect reciprocity leads to reputation building, morality judgement and complex social interactions with ever-increasing cognitive demands.
Keywords: Altruism, Biological Evolution, Biologie, Cooperative Behavior, Evolutionsbiologie, Genese von Normen, Good manners, Humans, Indirekte Reziprozität, Kooperation, Models, Biological, Morals, Natur & Genese von Normen, Normen, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Reziprozität, Soziale Angemessenheit, Trust, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten -
(2005): Prozeduren sozialen Verhaltens. Wie unbewusste Regeln unsere Beziehungen gestalten - und behindern. Paderborn: Junfermann (Coaching fürs Leben)
Abstract: Soziale Grundfertigkeiten - sogenannte Prozeduren des sozialen Verhaltens - ihre Störungen und ihre Einbettung in das Selbstbild werden thematisiert. Im ersten Kapitel werden Erkenntnisse aus der Baby- und Hirnforschung zu sozialem Lernen und Gedächtnismustern thematisiert, insbesondere zu prozeduralem und emotionalem Lernen. Im zweiten Kapitel werden Mega-Prozeduren (wie eine Person normalerweise fühlt und handelt, wenn sie mit anderen oder sich selbst umgeht) behandelt. In den Kapiteln drei, vier und fünf werden ausgewählten Aspekte von Narrationen - individuell typischen übergeordnete Muster des sozialen Umgangs - behandelt: Gerechtigkeit als Lebensthema, Narrationen, die sich um eine zentrale Zeitachse (Zukunft oder Vergangenheit) drehen sowie das Erzählen und Sprechen selbst und seine misslingenden Varianten. Im sechsten Kapitel werden interaktive Basis-Prozeduren, ihr Gelingen und Scheitern thematisiert (Ja- und Nein-sagen, Bitten, Danken, Schmerzlaute und Sich Entschuldigen. Das siebte Kapitel enthält eine Auswahl weiterer sozialer Prozeduren, mit denen sich nach Erfahrung der Autorin viele Menschen schwer tun: Trösten, Flirten, Small-Talk und Oberhand-Techniken. Im achten Kapitel werden Konflikte, Ambivalenzen und Entscheidungen thematisiert, im neunten Paradoxien und Doppelbindung. Im abschließenden zehnten Kapitel wird skizziert, welchen Stellenwert der prozedurale Ansatz in der Psychotherapie hat.
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(2005) : Human-robot embodied interaction in hallway settings: a pilot user study: ROMAN 2005. IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2005: ROMAN 2005. IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2005: Nashville, TN, USA: IEEE, S. 164-171
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2005.1513774 Abstract: This paper explores the problem of embodied interaction between a service robot and a person in a hallway setting. For operation in environments with people that have limited experience with robots, a behaviour that signals awareness of the persons and safety of motion is essential. A control strategy based on human spatial behaviour studies is presented that adopts human-robot interaction patterns similar to those used in person-person encounters. The results of a pilot study with human subjects are presented in which the users have evaluated the acceptability of the robot behaviour patterns during passage with respect to three basic parameters: the robot speed, the signaling distance at which the robot starts the maneuver and the lateral distance from the person for safe passage. The study has shown a good overall user response and has provided some useful indications on how to design a hallway passage behaviour that could be most acceptable to human users.
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(2005): An android for enhancing social skills and emotion recognition in people with autism. In: IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 13 (4), S. 507-515. DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2005.856076
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2005.856076 Abstract: It is well documented that the processing of social and emotional information is impaired in people with autism. Recent studies have shown that individuals, particularly those with high functioning autism, can learn to cope with common social situations if they are made to enact possible scenarios they may encounter in real life during therapy. The main aim of this work is to describe an interactive life-like facial display (FACE) and a supporting therapeutic protocol that will enable us to verify if the system can help children with autism to learn, identify, interpret, and use emotional information and extend these skills in a socially appropriate, flexible, and adaptive context. The therapeutic setup consists of a specially equipped room in which the subject, under the supervision of a therapist, can interact with FACE. The android display and associated control system has automatic facial tracking, expression recognition, and eye tracking. The treatment scheme is based on a series of therapist-guided sessions in which a patient communicates with FACE through an interactive console. Preliminary data regarding the exposure to FACE of two children are reported.
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(2005): Bayesian networks based multi-modality fusion for error handling in human–robot dialogues under noisy conditions. In: Speech Communication 45 (3), S. 231-248. DOI: 10.1016/j.specom.2004.10.015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2004.10.015 Abstract: In this paper, we introduce probabilistic model based architecture for error handling in human–robot spoken dialogue systems under adverse audio conditions. In this architecture, a Bayesian network framework is used for interpretation of multi-modal signals in the spoken dialogue between a tour-guide robot and visitors in mass exhibition conditions. In particular, we report on experiments interpreting speech and laser scanner signals in the dialogue management system of the autonomous tour-guide robot RoboX, successfully deployed at the Swiss National Exhibition (Expo.02). A correct interpretation of a user’s (visitor’s) goal or intention at each dialogue state is a key issue for successful voice-enabled communication between tour-guide robots and visitors. To infer the visitors’ goal under the uncertainty intrinsic to these two modalities, we introduce Bayesian networks for combining noisy speech recognition with data from a laser scanner, which are independent of acoustic noise. Experiments with real-world data, collected during the operation of RoboX at Expo.02 demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in adverse environment. The proposed architecture makes it possible to model error-handling processes in spoken dialogue systems, which include complex combination of different multi-modal information sources in cases where such information is available.
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(2005): Liberal decorum and men in conflict. Rome, 1871-90. In: Journal of Modern Italian Studies 10 (3), S. 281-296
Abstract: This essay examines court cases involving insult to a public official, which came before the local courts in Rome in the second half of the nineteenth century. It underlines the gendered character of this particular offence, which was committed almost exclusively by men. The analysis correlates two aspects of these cases: the first is the context of the offenses, characterized by the application of a detailed set of local police regulations, and experienced as a limitation of masculine personal liberty. The second aspect relates to the institutional organization of the police forces and the masculine identity of the officers themselves. The combination of these two elements during interactions between population and the police forces meant that the subjects’ gender became more significant than other variables (such as social class), to the extent that these interactions took on the inflections of a performative ‘face-off’. In this way the variable of gender brings into question the traditional reading of public order in the Liberal era as the product of a policy of containment of the popular classes.
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(2005) : Macht und Geschlecht in Organisationen In: Haubl, Rolf: Gruppenanalytische Supervision und Organisationsberatung: Eine Einführung: Orig.-Ausg: Gießen: Psychosozial-Verl. (Edition Psychosozial), S. 79-98
Abstract: Im Kontext von Organisationsberatung und Supervision wird die Bedeutung von Macht und Geschlecht in Organisationen erörtert. Dabei wird zunächst eingegangen auf Organisationsmythen, männerbündische Organisationen, frühere und derzeitige Geschlechterarrangements im Berufsleben sowie Formen und Ausprägungen der Geschlechterunterordnung in Unternehmen. Es wird auf folgendes Paradoxon hingewiesen: Obwohl in vielen Unternehmen ein Wandel der existenten Macht- und Geschlechterverhältnisse angestrebt wird, führen diese Bestrebungen andererseits meist nicht zu einem Abschied von der männlich dominierten Organisation. Welche skurrile Ausformungen dieses Paradoxon und damit verwandte Paradoxien in Organisationen annehmen können und wie sich in supervisorischen Arbeitsprozessen niederschlagen, wird anschließend an einem Fallbeispiel aus der eigenen Supervisionspraxis verdeutlicht. Dann wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Frauen in Autoritäts- und Leitungspositionen mit der Sexualisierung von Arbeitsbeziehungen und der Scham der Männer umgehen und wie sie auf diese Übertragungsangebote reagieren. Als ein zentraler Aspekt der Organisationssupervision wird die Frage gesehen, ob und inwieweit es gelingt, die Schwäche, Scham und Kränkung der Männer ebenso wie die Potenz und die Macht der Frauen zu ertragen.
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(2005): Assessing the effects of building social intelligence in a robotic interface for the home. In: Interacting with Computers 17 (5), S. 522-541. DOI: 10.1016/j.intcom.2005.03.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2005.03.003 Abstract: This paper reports an exploration of the concept of social intelligence in the context of designing home dialogue systems for an Ambient Intelligence home. It describes a Wizard of Oz experiment involving a robotic interface capable of simulating several human social behaviours. Our results show that endowing a home dialogue system with some social intelligence will: (a) create a positive bias in the user's perception of technology in the home environment, (b) enhance user acceptance for the home dialogue system, and (c) trigger social behaviours by the user in relation to the home dialogue system.