Alle Publikationen
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2015
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(2015): Reconsidering Respect for Persons in a Globalizing World. In: Developing world bioethics 15 (2), S. 98-106. DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12045
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24720355 Abstract: Contemporary clinical ethics was founded on principlism, and the four principles: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice, remain dominant in medical ethics discourse and practice. These principles are held to be expansive enough to provide the basis for the ethical practice of medicine across cultures. Although principlism remains subject to critique and revision, the four-principle model continues to be taught and applied across the world. As the practice of medicine globalizes, it remains critical to examine the extent to which both the four-principle framework, and individual principles among the four, suffice patients and practitioners in different social and cultural contexts. Using the four-principle model we analyze two accounts of surrogate decision making - one from the developed and one from the developing world - in which the clinician undertakes medical decision-making with apparently little input from the patient and/or family. The purpose of this analysis is to highlight challenges in assessing ethical behaviour according to the principlist model. We next describe cultural expectations and mores that inform both patient and clinician behaviors in these scenarios in order to argue that the principle of respect for persons informed by culture-specific ideas of personhood may offer an improved ethical construct for analyzing and guiding medical practice in a globalized and plural world.
Keywords: Beneficence, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Clinical Decision-Making/ethics, Cultural Characteristics, culture specific, Decision Making, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Ethical Analysis, Ethics, Medical, Family/ethnology/psychology, Humans, Internationality, Interviews as Topic, Islam, kulturspezifisch, Medizin, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pakistan, Personal Autonomy, Personhood, Physician-Patient Relations/ethics, Principle-Based Ethics, respect, Respekt, Transcultural Nursing, United States 2014
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(2014): What looks like sexism and why? The effect of comment type and perpetrator type on women's perceptions of sexism. In: The Journal of general psychology 141 (3), S. 263-279. DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2014.907769
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24940815 Abstract: Sexist comments are not perceived equally in the eyes of women. We extend previous research by examining the degree to which multiple types of potentially sexist comments made by multiple types of men are perceived as sexist. Further, we examine the degree to which three possible mediators--prototypicality, perceived intent, and interdependence--explained these effects. Female undergraduate students (N = 248) were randomly assigned to read a scenario in which a hostile sexist, benevolent sexist, or objectifying comment was made by one of three types of men: a stranger, their boss, or their boyfriend. Results demonstrate that hostile sexism was perceived as more sexist than benevolent sexism or objectification. Comments made by boyfriends were also rated as less sexist than those made by bosses or strangers. Furthermore, perceptions of prototypicality of the comment or perpetrator and perceived intent to harm mediated the effect of study manipulations on perceptions of sexism.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Beneficence, Einzelstudie / spezifisch, Female, Hostility, Humans, Kommunikation, Male, Sexism, Social Perception, speech, Women, Young Adult 2004
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(2004): Bad but bold. Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 86 (5), S. 713-728. DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.713
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15161396 Abstract: A 16-nation study involving 8,360 participants revealed that hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men, assessed by the Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1999), were (a) reliably measured across cultures, (b) positively correlated (for men and women, within samples and across nations) with each other and with hostile and benevolent sexism toward women (Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1996), and (c) negatively correlated with gender equality in cross-national comparisons. Stereotype measures indicated that men were viewed as having less positively valenced but more powerful traits than women. The authors argue that hostile as well as benevolent attitudes toward men reflect and support gender inequality by characterizing men as being designed for dominance. zitiert von 387
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Attitude, Australasia, Beneficence, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cultural Characteristics, Data Collection, Europe, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Hostility, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Kulturforschung/ kulturelle Unterschiede, Latin America, Male, Middle East, Persönlichkeitspsychologie, Predictive Value of Tests, PREJUDICE, Sex Factors, Sexism, Sozialpsychologie, Stereotyping, Students/psychology, Verhaltensforschung
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