Alle Publikationen
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2003
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(2003): Impoliteness revisited. With special reference to dynamic and prosodic aspects. In: Journal of Pragmatics 35 (10-11), S. 1545-1579. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00118-2
Abstract: This paper focuses on impoliteness, the use of communicative strategies designed to attack face, and thereby cause social conflict and disharmony. Using television documentary recordings of disputes between traffic wardens and car owners as our data, we revisit the impoliteness framework mapped out in Culpeper [J. Prag. 25 (1996) 349]. Having justified why an impoliteness framework is needed, we explore the notion of impoliteness and consider whether the impoliteness strategies identified in Culpeper can be found in another discourse type. We argue that for impoliteness to be fully appreciated we need to move beyond the single strategy (lexically and grammatically defined) and examine both how impoliteness pans out in extended discourse and the role of prosody in conveying impoliteness. Our paper has important implications for politeness theory and discourse studies in general, and the role of prosody in discourse in particular. (C) 2002 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1994
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(1994): Emphatic speech style - with special focus on the prosodic signalling of heightened emotive involvement in conversation. In: Journal of Pragmatics 22 (3-4), S. 375-408. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(94)90116-3
Abstract: After a review of previous work on the prosody of emotional involvement, data extracts from natural conversations are analyzed in order to argue for the constitution of an 'emphatic (speech) style', which linguistic devices are used to signal heightened emotive involvement. Participants use prosodic cues, in co-occurrence with syntactic and lexical cues, to contexturalize turn-constructional units as 'emphatic'. Only realizations of prosodic categories that are marked in relation to surrounding uses of these categories have the power to contextualize units as displaying 'more-than-normal involvement'. In the appropriate context, and in co-occurrence with syntactic and lexical cues and sequential position, the context-sensitive interpretation of this involvement is 'emphasis'. Prosodic marking is used in addition to various unmarked cues that signal and constitute different activity types in conversation. Emphatic style highlights and reinforms particular conversational activities, and makes certain types of recipient responses locally relevant. In particular, switches from non-emphatic to emphatic style are used to contextualize 'peaks of involvement' or 'climaxes' in story-telling. These are shown in the paper to be 'staged' by speakers and treated by recipients as marked activities calling for displays of alignment with respect to the matter at hand. Signals of emphasis are deployable as techniques for locally organizing demonstrations of shared understanding and participant reciprocity in conversational interaction.
Keywords: emphatic speech style, Emphatischer Sprachstil, Erzählweise, Grammatische Elemente (Lexeme u.a.), Konversationsanalyse, lexical cues, narrative, POWER, prosodic cues, Reziprozität, Signalisieren von Verstehen, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachstil, Sprechmelodie/Prosody, Stimme / Prosodie, syntactic cues, Syntax 1991
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(1991): Verbal, prosodic, and kinesic emotive contrasts in speech. In: Journal of Pragmatics 15 (6), S. 521-549. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(91)90110-J
Abstract: The signaling of logical relations between, and emotive reactions to, subjects in face-to-face speech are complexly interrelated processes, making it sometimes difficult to fully distinguish what people say from how they say it. Emotive communication, an aspect of the latter (style, rhetoric, speech strategy), may be viewed, following Stankiewicz (1964), as the culturally learned, cognitively mediated use of nonpropositional signals to express feelings, manage impressions, and reach goals in speech. The paper introduces some pragmatically relevant American English verbal, vocal, and kinesic emotive contrasts, e.g., shifts of verbal explicitness, verbal value-ladenness, verbal intensity, vocal emphasis, intonation, gaze, facial expression, body posture and so on, and discusses their functions in speech as signals of (un)assertiveness, (non)affiliation, and (un)involvement. Methodological and theoretical questions raised by the nondiscrete, gradient, ‘more/less’ nature of emotive contrasts are discussed, and some conventional cross-modal emotive strategies in American English are explained. The paper is at once an introduction to basic problems in the study of emotive communication, and an invitation to a synthesis of cognitive and emotive standpoints in pragmatic research on face-to-face speech.
Keywords: Ausdruck von (Nicht-)Zusammengehörigkeitsgefühl, Betonung, Blick / Gaze, Brown & Levinson, Disziplin, Emotive Kommunikation, Erste Welle, Favoriten, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Gestik/Mimik, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der ersten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Klarheit/Eindeutigkeit der Ausdrucksweise, Körperhaltung, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Politeness, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechmelodie/Prosody, Supportive Facework, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen, Wortbedeutung 1985
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(1985): Politeness Revisited. Cross-Modal Supportive Strategies. In: IRAL - International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 23 (1-4), S. 281-300. DOI: 10.1515/iral.1985.23.1-4.281
Abstract: Der vorliegende Aufsatz präsentiert einen alternativen Ansatz zur traditionellen, normorientierten linguistischen Analyse von Höflichkeit. Drei emotive Dimensionen des Sprechens werden als wichtige Parameter des Höflichkeitsphänomens erörtert: Selbstsicherheit, positive und negative Emotionen sowie deren Intensität. Bei dyadischer Interaktion werden diese Dimensionen durch aufeinander bezogene verbale, prosodische und kinesische Signale übermittelt. Die wesentliche emotive Aufgabe des Sprechers, der interpersonelles Mißverständnis vermeiden will, ist, nach unserer Meinung, nicht, höflich im traditionellen Sinne zu sein, sondern unterstützend im Hinblick auf die Bedürfnisse des Partners nach persönlicher Autonomie und Anerkennung. Dies geschieht durch die Übermittlung entsprechender multimodaler Signale.
Keywords: Brown & Levinson, Disziplin, Emotionaler Zustand, Erste Welle, Favoriten, FTA Face Threatening Acts, Gestik/Mimik, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der ersten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Intensität der Emotionen, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Selbstsicherheit, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Sprechmelodie/Prosody, Supportive Facework
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