Alle Publikationen
2016
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(2016): Diagnosing the Selfie. Pathology or Parody?: Networking the Spectacle in Late Capitalism. In: THIRD TEXT 30 (3-4), S. 264-273
Abstract: Social networking sites are now reportedly flooded with millions of selfies, the purportedly narcissistic tendency to reproduce with webcams and smartphones self-images intended for widespread online dissemination. Like the chain-letter craze of yesteryears, selfies have become fast reduplicating memes targeted at no single destination and orbited in digital space as self-identities transformed into virtual signs. Psychological interpretations cast them as pathological manifestations of low self-esteem and attention-seeking behaviour, perhaps even a form of psychosis. However, defenders attempt to demonstrate selfie circulation as a reality sui generis with its own codes of communication and decorum that may even suggest the formation of new digital communities. However, this defence neglects the question of selfies as spectacles in network culture coinciding with the growth of surveillance practices. Intensification of spectacles aided by the spread of new media technologies may be seen as favouring an interpretation of selfies as reflecting the power of network memes rather than a pathological manifestation of narcissism.
Keywords: Datenschutz & Privatssphäre, decorum, doppelter Treffer, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Interaktion, Medienwissenschaft, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), narcissism, network meme, Parodie, Pathologie, Postkasten, Privacy and data, Psychologie, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, Selbst, Selfies, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Social Network, Social Network Einfluss, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Netzwerke, surveillance, Technik, Überwachung -
Leibe, Frankie (2016): Computer vision - ECCV 2016. 14th European Conference, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, October 11-14, 2016 : proceedings. Cham, Switzerland: Springer (LNCS sublibrary: SL6 - Image processing, computer vision, pattern recognition, and graphics)
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(2016) : Gender and the work-family domain: A social role-based perspective. In: Allen, Tammy D.: The Oxford handbook of work and family: Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, S. 53-67
Abstract: This chapter advances a social role perspective on gender and the work–family domain—defined to include work and family time investments and attitudes and the work–family intersection (e.g., work–family conflict). A traditional view of social roles suggests that (1) gender has a main effect on the work–family domain, such that men (women) tend to have more work-oriented (family-oriented) and less family-oriented (work-oriented) experiences than women (men) and (2) gender moderates the effect of the work–family domain on valued outcomes (e.g., career success, family satisfaction, health), such that men and women have more favorable outcomes when work–family experiences align with traditional gender roles. In contrast, a dynamic view of social roles suggests that gender has little relevance for understanding the work–family domain. A narrative review of recent research reveals that gender differences often fail to align with traditional gender-based social r oles, bu t also reflect some vestiges of traditional gender-based expectations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016) : Physical and moral disgust in socially believable behaving systems in different cultures In: Esposito, Anna; Jain, Lakhmi C. (Hg.): Toward robotic socially believable behaving systems: Modeling emotions., Vol. I, 105: Cham: Springer International Publishing (Intelligent systems reference library; Vol 105; ISSN: 1868-4394 (Print), 1868-4408 (Electronic)), S. 105-132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31056-5_7 Abstract: The aim of the present study is to use the GRID, online emotions sorting and corpus methodologies to illuminate different types of disgust that an emotion-sensitive socially interacting robot would need to encode and decode in order to competently produce and recognise these and other types of physical, moral and aesthetic types of complex emotions in social settings. We argue that emotions in general, and different types of disgust as an instance of these, differ with respect to the amount of cognitivegrounding they need in order to arise and social robots will successfully use such emotions provided they do not only recognise and produce physical, bodily manifestations of emotions, but also have access to large knowledge bases and are able to process situational context clues. The different types of disgust are identified and compared cross-culturally to provide an evaluation of their relative salience. The study also underscores the conceptual viewpoint of emotions as clusters of emotions rather than solitary, individual representations. We argue that such clustering should be at the heart of emotions modelling in social robots. In order to successfully use the emotion of disgust in their interactions with humans, robots need to be sensitive to possible within-culture and cross-culture differences pertaining to such emotions, exemplified by British English and Polish in the present study. Given the centrality of values to the emotion of disgust, robots need to have the capacity to update from a knowledge base and learn from the situational context the set of values for each significant human that they interact with. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Aesthetics, BEHAVIOR, British English, Cross Cultural Differences, Disgust, Disgust cluster, Emotion event (scenario), Emotions, GRID, Language, Language corpora, Moral & Ethik, Moral emotions, Morality, Online emotions sorting study, Polish, Robotics, Social robotic, social robots, Translation data, Wstret cluster -
(2016): Turing learning: a metric-free approach to inferring behavior and its application to swarms. In: Swarm Intelligence 10 (3), S. 211-243. DOI: 10.1007/s11721-016-0126-1
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(2016): Ein bisschen Wut tut gut - warum Manager moralisch motivierte Wut ernst nehmen sollten. In: Wirtschaftspsychologie aktuell 23 (1), S. 57-60
Abstract: Es wird die Wut im Arbeitsleben als alltagliches Phanomen und normale Begleiterscheinung bei Interaktionsprozessen zwischen Individuen erortert. Dabei geht es vor allem um den sensiblen Umgang von Fuhrungskraften mit Emotionen von Mitarbeitern. Haufig handelt es sich dabei um prosoziale oder moralisch motivierte Wut (MMW), die sich von herkommlicher Wut unterscheidet. Die MMW ist eine Emotion, die ein Fehlverhalten bewertet, um es dann verantwortungsbewusst zu korrigieren. In diesem Sinne ist MMW ein erregter Gemutszustand, der durch die Verletzung moralischer Standards hervorgerufen wird, andere mehr betrifft als das handelnde Individuum selbst und ein Korrekturverhalten nach sich zieht, selbst wenn es fur dieses Individuum ein Risiko darstellt. Dafur werden zwei Praxisbeispiele (Der Fall Edward Snowden und der VW-Abgasskandal) zitiert und am Beispiel des Films "Die zwolf Geschworenen"wird aufgezeigt, wie Handeln durch MMW beeinflusst wird. Fur Fuhrungskrafte ist es wichtig, verschiedene Arten der Wut zu erkennen und zwischen Wut als Personlichkeitsmerkmal (trait anger) und situationsbedingte Emotion (state anger) zu differenzieren. Nur so konnen Warnsignale von MMW erkannt und richtig eingeordnet werden.
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(2016): Same-Gender Peer Interaction and Preschoolers’ Gender-Typed Emotional Expressiveness. In: Sex Roles 75 (5-6), S. 231-242. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0601-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0601-6 Abstract: The present study was guided by hypotheses derived from peer-socialization models of gender development that suggest preschool children’s time spent interacting with same-gender peers would be linked to gender-typed emotional expressiveness. Specifically, I predicted that girls who engaged in high levels of same-gender peer interaction would express more happiness, sadness, and fear, whereas boys who engaged in more same-gender peer interaction would express more anger. To address these hypotheses, a longitudinal study was conducted in which video recordings were made of 122 preschool children (57 boys, 65 girls; 86 European American, 9 African American, 17 Hispanic, and 10 other ethnicity) attending a University sponsored preschool program in the U.S. Southwest over a period of 2 years. Video recordings of children’s peer interactions in Years 1 and 2 were coded for involvement with same-gender peers and emotional expressiveness. Results of analyses revealed that bot h girls and boys who spent more time interacting with same-gender peers in Year 1 expressed more happiness in Year 2. Boys who spent more time interacting with same-gender peers in Year 1 displayed higher levels of anger in Year 2. Girls who spent more time interacting with same-gender peers in Year 1 displayed higher levels of sadness in Year 2. The findings support arguments made by the peer-socialization model of gender development that gender-segregated peer interaction contributes to patterns of gender-typed expression of emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 1
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(2016): Epistemic status and the recognizability of social actions. In: Discourse Studies 18 (5), S. 500-525. DOI: 10.1177/1461445616657958
Abstract: Although the production and recognition of social actions have been central concerns for conversation analysis (CA) from the outset, it has recently been argued that CA is yet to develop a systematic analysis of action formation'. As a partial remedy to this situation, John Heritage introduces epistemic status', which he claims is an unavoidable component of the production and recognition of social action. His proposal addresses the question how is social action produced and recognized? by reference to another question how is relative knowledge recognized? Despite the importance placed on the latter question, it is not clear how it is to be answered in particular cases. We argue that the introduction of epistemic status builds on a reformulation of the action formation problem that unnecessarily de-emphasizes the importance of the sequential environment. Our re-analyses of key sequences cast doubts on the empirical grounding of the epistemic program, and question whether the fundamental role of epistemic status has been convincingly demonstrated.
Keywords: POWER -
(2016): Gene-culture interaction and the evolution of the human sense of fairness. In: Scientific reports 6. DOI: 10.1038/srep32483
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27562008 Abstract: How Darwinian evolution would produce creatures with the proclivity of Darwinian generosity, most of them voluntarily giving up the immediate benefit for themselves or their genes, remains a puzzle. This study targets a problem, the origin of human sense of fairness, and uses fairness-related genes and the social manipulation of Darwinian generosity as the key variables underlying the human sense of fairness, inequity aversion, as well as their relationships within cooperation, and the anticipation foresight of the way relationships are affected by resource division, given the assumption of randomly matched partners. Here we suggest a model in which phenotype will gradually converge towards the perfect sense of fairness along with the prospect of cooperation. Later, the sense of fairness will decrease but it is never extinct. Where social manipulation of Darwinian generosity overshadows genetics, the sense of fairness could be acute to the degree of social manipulation. Above all, there still exists a threshold in the degree of social manipulation, beyond which altruism dominates selfishness in human cooperation. Finally, we propose three new directions toward more realistic scenarios stimulated by recent development of the synergy between statistical physics, network science and evolutionary game theory.
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(2016): Pragmatism, Ontology, and Philosophy of the Social Sciences in Practice. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 47 (1), S. 3-27. DOI: 10.1177/0048393116654869
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(2016): Promoting fairness in the face of conflict. The moderating effect of social control. In: Leadership & Organization Development Journal 37 (5), S. 593-608. DOI: 10.1108/LODJ-09-2014-0175
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-09-2014-0175 Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe how superior-subordinate conflicts stimulate managers to promote fairness. The theory proposes that managers’ efforts to apply social controls (i.e. training and socialization activities that promote emotional connection and value congruence) moderate the influence of superior-subordinate conflicts on managers’ efforts to promote fairness. When conflicts are experienced by managers who apply social controls, those managers increase their efforts to promote fairness. Because managers who apply social controls need subordinates to endorse their directives, they promote fairness in the face of conflict to demonstrate that they manage subordinates in ways that are appropriate and deserving of their cooperation. Design/methodology/approach: These ideas are tested in two studies: a survey of managers and their subordinates and a scenario-based experiment. Findings: The results obtained from these studies demonstrate that whe n manage rs who apply social controls encounter superior-subordinate conflicts, they more actively work to fairly distribute rewards and responsibilities (i.e. promote distributive fairness) and accurately and consistently implement organizational procedures (i.e. promote procedural fairness). Practical implications: This paper demonstrates how managers who are engaged in important sets of behaviors use fairness to address conflicts with their subordinates. Originality/value: By identifying when superior-subordinate conflicts stimulate managers to promote fairness, this paper contributes to research on how individuals use fairness and controls together to maintain their positions of authority within social contexts (e.g. groups, units, organizations). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): A love story: For ’Buddy System’ research in the academy. In: Gender, Place & Culture 23 (12), S. 1689-1700
Abstract: This article makes a case for a 'buddy system' approach to research and scholarship, or a kind of 'caring with' our colleagues, as feminist praxis and as an intentional, politicized response to the neoliberalization of the academy. Through autoethnographic writing on our travels together into farmed animal auction yards, we explain the buddy system as a mode of caring, solidarity, and love that differs from collaborative research, focused as it is on caring for and about our colleagues and their research even (or especially) when we have no direct stakes in the research being conducted. We contribute to three feminist conversations with this approach: feminist care ethics in geography; emotional geographies; and critical perspectives on the neoliberalization of the academy. We advocate the buddy system as an extension of feminist care ethics, enriching how feminists think about 'doing' research. We draw on feminist geographies of emotion and our own emotions (grief especially) experienced while witnessing processes of nonhuman animal commodification to politicize the act of researching and to develop a more caring way of inhabiting the academy. This is particularly important, we argue, in the context of deepening neoliberal logics that turn the academy into a place where care and love become radical acts of resistance and transformation.
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(2016): Editorial: Understanding Social Signals: How Do We Recognize the Intentions of Others?. In: Frontiers in psychology 7. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00281
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00281 Abstract: Humans interact with each other seamlessly, smoothly, and without obvious effort. Social signals are the basis of this highly effective communication. These signals are speech utterances, body movements such as gestures, manipulations of objects, and combinations thereof. For example, interlocutors typically position themselves in an F-formation (Goffman, 1963; Ciolek and Kendon, 1980; Kendon, 1990) and thereby signal to each other that they are part of that interaction. If another participant joins that interaction, the interlocutors integrate her in a new F-formation. The movements of each individual were comparably inconspicuous, but the intention for producing them was easily recognizable to the recipient. Humans use these signals intuitively and without conscious awareness. But in order to enable a robot to understand and respond appropriately to social signals, their form and function have to be made explicit. This research topic presents methods for identifying, understanding, and applying social signals in human–machine interaction.
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(2016): Making it moral. Merely labeling an attitude as moral increases its strength. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 65, S. 82-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2016.04.003
Abstract: Prior research has shown that self-reported moral bases of people's attitudes predict a range of important consequences, including attitude-relevant behavior and resistance in the face of social influence. Although previous studies typically rely on self-report measures of such bases, the present research tests the possibility that people can be induced to view their own attitudes as grounded in moral bases. This perception alone leads to outcomes associated with strong attitudes. In three experiments, participants were led to view their attitudes as grounded in moral or non-moral bases. Merely perceiving a moral (vs. non-moral) basis to one's attitudes led them to show greater correspondence with relevant behavioral intentions (Experiment 1) and become less susceptible to change following a persuasive message (Experiments 2 and 3). Moreover, these effects were independent of any other established indicators of attitude strength. zitiert von: 14
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(2016): Development of a socially interactive system with whole-body movements for BHR-4. In: Int J of Soc Robotics 8 (2), S. 183-192. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-015-0330-y
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-015-0330-y Abstract: For a long time, humans have been communicating with others through voice, facial expressions, and body movements. If a humanoid robot has a human-habitual, natural, and human-like interactive form, it tends to be accepted by humans. To date, the majority of the existing humanoid robots have had difficulty in interacting with humans in a human-like way. This study focuses on this issue and develops a socially interactive system for enhancing the natural communication ability of a humanoid robot. The system, which is implemented in an android robot, BHR-4, features hearing, voice conversation, and facial and body emotional expression capabilities. Then, a full-body social motion planner for a humanoid robot is presented. The objective of this planner is to control the whole-body motion of the robot in a way similar to that of humans. Finally, experiments are conducted on the robot regarding its interactions with humans in a pure indoor environment. It is expected that the socially interactive system can enhance the natural communication ability of an android robot. The results of the experiments show that the combination of verbal behavior with facial expressions and body movements is better than verbal behavior alone, verbal behavior combined with facial expressions, or verbal behavior combined with body movements. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2016): On Technological Rationality and the Lack of Authenticity in the Modern Age. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 20 (1), S. 34-50. DOI: 10.5840/techne201632445
Abstract: I will argue in this paper that Andrew Feenberg has erred in his claim on technological adaptability. Adapting to modern technology may not always be liberating. Drawing from his reflections on Heidegger and Marcuse, I will explain why Feenberg thinks that adaptability has a redemptive role in the midst of technological domination. I will also show why technological domination still characterizes human relations in the modern age. Advanced technologies including social media, have continued to manipulate people and as such, diminish rather than deepen the authenticity of human life. For instance, two people in a café sometimes spend more time on their smartphones rather than valuing their face-to-face encounter; here, one can point out the lack of authenticity in human relations. This clearly manifests how consumer culture has taken over human life. In addition, it can be said that the notion of adaptability also fails to account for the hegemonic social relations created by modern technological innovations, since these gadgets remain beyond the reach of the masses, thus broadening the divide between classes of people in society. In order to address this, I propose that people should use technology in a socially sensitive way in order to truly give meaning to their lives and to effectively resist the totalitarian tendency of the modern age.
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(2016): Turing learning. In: Swarm Intelligence, S. 65-69
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(2016): The Detour of an Obstetric Technology. Active Management of Labor Across Cultures. In: Medical anthropology 35 (1), S. 17-30. DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2015.1091817
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26484745 Abstract: Active management of labor (AML) is an obstetric technology developed in Ireland in the 1970s to accelerate labor in nulliparous women. This technology achieved rapid success in Great Britain and in English-speaking countries outside America, which adopted it before many other states around the world. In this article, I explore AML's technical and social characteristics when it was first designed, and then examine its local inflections in a Jordanian and a Swiss maternity hospital to shed light on the ways its transnational circulation modifies its script. I argue that its application is shaped by local material constraints and specific sociocultural configurations, gender regimes, and hospital cultures. Finally, I make a comparative analysis of AML practices in these two settings and in the foundational textbook to disentangle the technical and sociocultural components modeling its local applications.
Keywords: Active management of labor (AML), ANTHROPOLOGY, Disziplin, Ethnology, Female, Geburt, Gender, Human Body, Humans, Jordan, Konventionen, Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtechnik, Kulturtheorie, Kulturvergleich, labor, Medical, Medizin, Normen, Observablen, Obstetrics, Pregnancy, script, Switzerland, Women -
(2016) : Interactive Q-learning for social robots that learn from the Wizard: A pilot study: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC): 2016 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC): Budapest, Hungary: IEEE, S. 003683-003687
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC.2016.7844806 Abstract: This paper discusses interactive Q-learning as a method for learning appropriate robot behavior from the human teleoperator in order to increase the robot's autonomy in various human-robot interaction scenarios. We demonstrate the usability of our approach on a simulation of a simple task. The results show the feasibility of this method in different kinds of interactions. As a conclusion, we discuss the results and the next steps of the research.
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(2016): Explanatory Unification. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 31 (4), S. 488-506. DOI: 10.1177/004839310103100402
Abstract: Explanatory unification-the urge to "explain much by little"-serves as an ideal of theorizing not only in natural sciences but also in the social sciences, most notably in economics. The ideal is occasionally challenged by appealing to the complexity and diversity of social systems and processes in space and time. This article proposes to accommodate such doubts by making a distinction between two kinds of unification and suggesting that while such doubts may be justified in regard to mere derivational unification (which serves as a formal constraint on theories), it is less justified in the case of ontological unification (which is a result of factual discovery of the actual degree of underlying unity in the world).
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(2016): The evolution of power and the divergence of cooperative norms. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 126, S. 75-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2015.09.002
Abstract: We consider a model of multilevel selection and the evolution of institutions that distribute power in the form of influence in a group's collective interactions with other groups. In the absence of direct group-level interactions, groups with the most cooperative members will outcompete less cooperative groups, while within any group the least cooperative members will be the most successful. Introducing group-level interactions, however, such as raiding or warfare, changes the selective landscape for groups. Our model suggests that as the global population becomes more integrated and the rate of intergroup conflict increases, selection increasingly favors unequally distributed power structures, where individual influence is weighted by acquired resources. The advantage to less democratic groups rests in their ability to facilitate selection for cooperative strategies – involving cooperation both among themselves and with outsiders – in order to produce the resources necessary to fuel their success in inter-group conflicts, while simultaneously selecting for leaders (and corresponding collective behavior) who are unburdened with those same prosocial norms. The coevolution of cooperative social norms and institutions of power facilitates the emergence of a leadership class of the selfish and has implications for theories of inequality, structures of governance, non-cooperative personality traits, and hierarchy. Our findings suggest an amendment to the well-known doctrine of multilevel selection that “Selfishness beats altruism within groups. Altruistic groups beat selfish groups.” In an interconnected world, altruistic groups led by selfish individuals can beat them both. zitiert von 37
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(2016) : Which robot am I thinking about? The impact of action and appearance on people’s evaluations of a moral robot: 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Christchurch, New Zealand: IEEE Press, S. 125-132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2016.7451743 Abstract: In three studies we found further evidence for a previously discovered Human-Robot (HR) asymmetry in moral judgments: that people blame robots more for inaction than action in a moral dilemma but blame humans more for action than inaction in the identical dilemma (where inaction allows four persons to die and action sacrifices one to save the four). Importantly, we found that people’s representation of the “robot” making these moral decisions appears to be one of a mechanical robot. For when we manipulated the pictorial display of a verbally described robot, people showed the HR asymmetry only when making judgments about a mechanical-looking robot, not a humanoid robot. This is the first demonstration that robot appearance affects people’s moral judgments about robots.
Keywords: Anthropomorphism, Artificial intelligence, Context, Ethics, HR asymmetry, Human Factors, Humanoid Robots, human-robot asymmetry, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Machine morality, mechanical robot, mechanical-looking robot, Moral & Ethik, moral decisions, Moral judgments, moral psychology, moral robot, pictorial display, PSYCHOLOGY, Rails, Robot Ethics, social aspects of automation, verbally described robot -
(2016) : Which robot am I thinking about? The impact of action and appearance on people's evaluations of a moral robot In: Bartneck, Christoph: The Eleventh ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, S. 125-132
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(2016): The Effects of Skill Training on Social Workers’ Professional Competences in Norway: Results of a Cluster-Randomised Study. In: BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK 46 (5), S. 1354-1371
Abstract: Using a cluster-randomised design, this study analyses the effects of a government-administered skill training programme for social workers in Norway. The training programme aims to improve social workers' professional competences by enhancing and system atising follow-up work directed towards longer-term unemployed clients in the following areas: encountering the user, system-oriented efforts and administrative work. The main tools and techniques of the programme are based on motivational interviewing and appreciative inquiry. The data comprise responses to baseline and eighteen-month follow-up questionnaires administered to all social workers (n = 99) in eighteen participating Labour and Welfare offices randomised into experimental and control groups. The findings indicate that the skill training programme positively affected the social workers' evaluations of their professional competences and quality of work supervision received. The acquisition and mastering of combinations of specific tools and techniques, a comprehensive supervision structure and the opportunity to adapt the learned skills to local conditions were important in explaining the results.
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(2016) : Moral Emotions ☆ In: Stein, John: Reference module in neuroscience and biobehavioral psychology: Place of publication not identified: Elsevier, S. 644-649
Abstract: This article reviews current theory and research on moral emotions with a particular focus on the development of moral emotions in childhood and adolescence. The development of moral emotions is central to theories and research on morality and social-emotional development. After providing definitions and outlining a key theoretical model of moral emotions, the major studies addressing the development of the various moral emotions, as well as the relations to human social behavior such as aggression and prosociality, are reviewed. Finally, educational practices aimed at enhancing the development of moral emotions are highlighted and examples of best-practice approaches are reviewed.