Alle Publikationen
2014
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Beetz, Michael; Johnston, Benjamin; Williams, Mary-Anne (Hg.) (2014): Social robotics. 6th international conference, ICSR 2014, Sydney, NSW, Australia, October 27 - 29, 2014 ; proceedings. Icsr; International Conference on Social Robotics. Cham: Springer (Lecture notes in computer science Lecture notes in artificial intelligence)
Abstract: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR 2014, held in Sydney, NSW, Australia, in October 2014. The 41 revised full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. Amongst others, topics covered are such as interaction and collaboration among robots, humans, and environments; robots to assist the elderly and persons with disabilities; socially assistive robots to improve quality of life; affective and cognitive sciences for socially interactive robots; personal robots for the home; social acceptance and impact in the society; robot ethics in human society and legal implications; context awareness, expectation, and intention understanding; control architectures for social robotics; socially appealing design methodologies; safety in robots working in human spaces; human augmentation, rehabilitation, and medical robots; robot applications in education, entertainment, and gaming; knowledge representation and reasoning frameworks for robot social intelligence; cognitive architectures that support social intelligence for robots; robots in the workplace; human-robot interaction; creative and entertaining robots
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(2014) : Psychophysiological feedback for adaptive human-robot interaction (HRI) In: Fairclough, Stephen H.; Gilleade, Kiel (Hg.): Advances in physiological computing: New York, NY: Springer-Verlag Publishing (Human-computer interaction series; ISSN: 1571-5035 (Print)), S. 141-167
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6392-3_7 Abstract: Recent advances in robotics and sensing have given rise to a diverse set of robots and their applications. In recent years robots have increasingly applied in the service industry, search and rescue operations and therapeutic applications. The introduction of robots to interact with humans resulted in a dedicated field called human-robot interaction (HRI). Social HRI is of particular importance as it is the main focus of this chapter. This chapter presents an affect-inspired approach for social HRI. Physiological processing together with machine learning was employed to model affective states for an adaptive social HRI and its application in social interaction in the context of autism therapy was investigated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2014): Freedom as Going Off Script. In: Hypatia 29 (2), S. 355-370. DOI: 10.1111/hypa.12033
Abstract: In this manuscript I explore an example of an over-privileged white woman who encounters two young Black men in a parking garage stairwell. Two related axioms are central to the oppressive script that lies before these subjects: the hetero-patriarchal axiom that women are not safe alone at night and the racist axiom that Black men, especially young ones, are dangerous. These axioms are intended to ensure a practical conclusion white women and Black men are supposed to avoid each other thereby conferring legitimacy on the white male, hetero-patriarchal order. If this is a performance of oppression, we must ask, what is the performance of freedom? Freedom, I argue, is the practice of allowing and encouraging a subject's multiple selves to interact so that one may devise and pursue courses of action that have been strategically hidden by systems of domination designed to cultivate pliant agency. My project augments accounts of multiplicitous subjectivity wherein our multiple social worlds socially constitute persons as both oppressor and oppressed, empowered and pliant. The practice of freedom conceived here acknowledges multiplicity while positioning us to seek feminist and antiracist futures that are not configured by oppression.
Keywords: Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Disziplin, Einfluss von Vorurteilen, Erwartungen, Erwartungserwartung, Gender, Geschlecht, going off-script, Image, Kulturtheorie, multiplicitous subjectivity, Philosophie, Rollenermöglichung durch "going off-script", script, Soziale Rolle, Sozialverhalten -
(2014): Intelligent Virtual Agents. 14th International Conference, IVA 2014, Boston, MA, USA, August 27-29, 2014. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Online verfügbar unter http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09767-1
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(2014): Akzeptanz Smartphone-gestützter Rehabilitationsnachsorge bei depressiven Patienten. In: Verhaltenstherapie und Verhaltensmedizin 35 (4), S. 316-333
Abstract: Überprüft wird die Akzeptanz des smartphone-gestützten, kognitiv-behavioralen Reha-Nachsorgeprogramms eATROS für Patienten mit depressiven Störungen. 81 Patienten wurden zu einer Schulung in eATROS eingeladen. Sie erhielten danach und nach der poststationären Intervention einen Fragebogen, der sich an der UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) von Venkatesh, Morris, Davis & Davis (2003) orientiert. 50 (62%) der eingeladenen Patienten nahmen die Nachsorge mit eATROS auf. Alle 50 schlossen die Behandlung ab. Wahrgenommene Nützlichkeit und Benutzerfreundlichkeit wurden vor und nach der Intervention als gut eingestuft. Besonders positiv eingeschätzt wurden die smartphone-unterstützten Features "Tagesstrukturierung" und "wöchentliches Selbstmonitoring" und "Möglichkeit zu SMS- und Telefonkontakt mit dem TeleCoach in der Klinik". Hinsichtlich seiner Akzeptanz erfüllt eATROS somit die Anforderungen an ein neues Medium zum therapeutischen Einsatz in der ambulanten Nachsorge.
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(2014): The developmental origins of fairness. The knowledge-behavior gap. In: Trends in cognitive sciences 18 (11), S. 559-561. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.08.003
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25175834 Abstract: Recent research in developmental psychology shows that children understand several principles of fairness by 3 years of age, much earlier than previously believed. However, children's knowledge of fairness does not always align with their behavior, and immediate self-interest alone cannot explain this gap. In this forum paper, we consider two factors that influence the relation between fairness knowledge and behavior: relative advantage and how rewards are acquired. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2014) : Einflüsse des Lebensumfeldes auf Entwicklung, Verhalten, Gesundheit und Teilhabe In: Bode, Harald: Sozialpädiatrie in der Praxis (2. Auflage): Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, S. 221-250
Abstract: Viele Kontextfaktoren beeinflussen Entwicklung, Verhalten, Gesundheit und Teilhabe von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die Rolle der Eltern/Familien, die Folgen von Scheidung, Alleinerziehung, Pflege und Adoption werden besprochen. Migration und kulturelle Verschiedenheit sind oft mit sozialer Benachteiligung assoziiert. Verschiedene Zugangswege zu Erkrankungen und zum Gesundheitssystem werden gefunden. Armut, soziale Benachteiligung und Bildungsferne haben eine starken Einfluss auf Entwicklung, Verhalten, Gesundheit und Teilhabe. Die Inklusion von Kindern mit chronischen Erkrankungen und Behinderungen in Schulen ist eine komplexe Aufgabe. Umweltbelastungen sind besonders gefährlich für Säuglinge, Kleinkinder und Kinder. Hauptprobleme sind Rauchen, Alkohol und Lärm. Die Effekte hochfrequenter Felder (Mobilfunk) sind kontrovers. Verbreitung, Risiken und Chancen elektronischer Medien für Kinder und Jugendliche werden dargestellt. Der gesetzliche Rahmen und konkrete familienunterstützende Maßnahmen werden beschrieben. Bewältigungsprozesse beeinflussen die körperliche und seelische Gesundheit der Betroffenen und ihrer Familien.
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Bode, Harald (2014): Sozialpädiatrie in der Praxis (2. Auflage). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier
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(2014): A room with a viewpoint revisited. Descriptive norms and hotel guests' towel reuse behavior. In: PLoS one 9 (8). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104086
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25084348 Abstract: Field experiments on descriptive norms as a means to increase hotel guests' towel reuse [1] were replicated and extended. In two hotels in Germany (Study 1: N = 724; Study 2: N = 204), descriptive norm messages suggesting that 75% of guests had reused their towels, or a standard message appealing to environmental concerns, were placed in guests' bathrooms. Descriptive norm messages varied in terms of proximity of the reference group ("hotel guests" vs. "guests in this room") and temporal proximity (currently vs. two years previous). Reuse of towels was unobtrusively recorded. Results showed that reuse rates were high overall and that both standard and descriptive norm messages increased reuse rates compared to a no-message baseline. However, descriptive norm messages were not more effective than the standard message, and effects of proximity were inconsistent across studies. Discussion addresses cultural and conceptual issues in comparing the present findings with previous ones.
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(2014): Historical Research on Cultural Life Scripts. An Exploration of Opportunities and Future Prospects. In: Historical social research - Historische Sozialforschung 39 (1), S. 7-18
Abstract: " Die Historische Forschung von Lebensskripten: Moglichkeiten und Perspektiven". People live their lives guided by images and assumptions based on dominant representations of an idealized life that are shared with others in the community. They view the representation of an idealized life as a "cultural life script." The cultural life script provides a conceptual link between individual and society. Such cultural life scripts are not fixed but change in the face of new ideas and in response to changing social en economic structures and conditions. For that reason, scientific research based on cultural life scripts is not only a challenge for sociologists, social psychologists and anthropologists, but also for cultural historians, social historians and historical demographers. Seven contributions of the Nijmegen based research group Self, Script and Society have been selected to show the wide variety of research possibilities of cultural life scripts within the domain of historical research and to place cultural life scripts more firmly on the future agenda of historians.
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Bosse, Tibor; Broekens, Joost; Dias, João; van der Zwaan, Janneke (Hg.) (2014): Emotion Modeling. Towards Pragmatic Computational Models of Affective Processes. Cham: Springer International Publishing, Imprint, Springer (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12973-0 Abstract: Emotion modeling has been an active area of research for almost two decades now. In spite of the growing and diverse body of work in emotion modeling, designing and developing emotion models remains an art, with few standards and systematic guidelines available to guide the design process, and to validate the resulting models. This state-of-the-art volume includes extended versions of eight papers presented at two workshops: Standards in Emotion Modeling, SEM 2011, held in Leiden, The Netherlands, in August 2011, which focused on the challenges, progress and open questions regarding emotion modeling standards, and Emotional and Empathic Agents, EEA 2012, held in conjunction with AAMAS 2012, in Valencia, Spain, in June 2012, which focused on strategies for reducing the complexity of affective models and model re-use. The papers have been organized into two sections: generic models and frameworks, and evaluations of specific models. They represent a sampling of the current efforts toward the development of more systematic methods for emotion modeling, toward the development of standards in emotion model design and validation, and toward more pragmatic approaches to model development, including model component sharing and re-use. The topics range from efforts to define minimum functionalities for agent emotion models and provide tools for systematic comparisons of alternative approaches through approaches to integrating multiple processing levels within an agent architecture to papers exploring the best means of generating empathy and supportive behavior in virtual agents and attempts to address the requirements for realistic modeling of affective expressions across multiple types of social interaction (individual, group and cultural).
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(2014): Professionalism. A framework to guide medical education. In: Medical education 48 (10), S. 980-987. DOI: 10.1111/medu.12520
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25200018 Abstract: CONTEXT Despite considerable advances in the incorporation of professionalism into the formal curriculum, medical students and residents are too often presented with a mechanical, unreflective version of the topic that fails to convey deeper ethical and humanistic aspirations. Some misunderstandings of professionalism are exacerbated by commonly used assessment tools that focus only on superficially observable behaviour and not on moral values and attitudes. METHODS Following a selective literature review, we engaged in philosophical ethical analysis to identify the key precepts associated with professionalism that could best guide the development of an appropriately reflective curriculum. RESULTS The key precepts needed for a robust presentation of professionalism can be grouped under two headings: 'Professionalism as a trust-generating promise' (representing commitment to patients' interests, more than a mere business, a social contract, a public and collective promise, and hard work), and 'Professionalism as application of virtue to practice' (based on virtue, deeper attitudes rather than mere behaviour, and requiring of practical wisdom). CONCLUSIONS These key precepts help students to avoid many common, unreflective misunderstandings of professionalism, and guide faculty staff and students jointly to address the deeper issues required for successful professional identity formation.
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(2014): Personalized messages in a brewery educational simulation. Is the personalization principle less robust than previously thought?. In: Computers & Education 72, S. 339-366. DOI: 10.1016/j.compedu.2013.11.013
Abstract: The personalization principle, one of the design principles of multimedia learning, states that people learn better from multimedia presentations when instructions are in a conversational style rather than a formal style, possibly due to learners' increased interest. This principle was shown to be robust in short interventions that could be completed within minutes or a few dozen minutes; however, complex digital simulations and games that support the acquisition of complex mental models usually take longer to complete. In this study, we investigate the personalization principle in a new context: in an interactive simulation on the topic of beer brewing, which lasts 2-3 h. Instructions were presented in the Czech language, either in a personalized style, where learners were addressed conversationally by "their grandpa, an owner of the family brewery," or in a non-personalized, more formal style without the grandpa. In Experiment 1,26 college students, who interacted with both simulation versions, expressed on average a preference for the personalized version of the simulation. However, some of them worried that personalization could distract them. In Experiment 2 with a between-subject design, the knowledge of 75 predominantly college students was tested by means of retention and transfer tests immediately after completing the simulation and also a month later. Contrary to most previous works, our results showed no difference between the personalized and non-personalized groups in learning achievement, despite the fact that learners who received the personalized treatment voluntarily spent about 20% more time on the simulation. We also applied various measures of the learner's affective state, including Flow Short Scale and PANAS, but - again - no between-group differences were observed. These results indicate that personalization is not always beneficial to learning, which raises important questions for future research. Additional findings suggest that the simulation, no matter the treatment type, was most beneficial to learners with high mathematical abilities and who play computer games frequently, and also to those who liked the simulation more. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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(2014): An attentional approach to human–robot interactive manipulation. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 6 (4), S. 533-553. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-014-0236-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0236-0 Abstract: Human robot collaborative work requires interactive manipulation and object handover. During the execution of such tasks, the robot should monitor manipulation cues to assess the human intentions and quickly determine the appropriate execution strategies. In this paper, we present a control architecture that combines a supervisory attentional system with a human aware manipulation planner to support effective and safe collaborative manipulation. After detailing the approach, we present experimental results describing the system at work with different manipulation tasks (give, receive, pick, and place). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2014): The Machine That Therefore I Am. In: Philosophy & Rhetoric 47 (4). DOI: 10.5325/philrhet.47.4.0494
Abstract: This article follows Jacques Derrida, who follows the animal-machine. In his lecture The Animal That Therefore I Am, Derrida could easily have swapped “the animal” for “the machine” . In fact, throughout his readings of René Descartes, Martin Heidegger, Jacques Lacan, and Emmanuel Levinas, the machine emerges right alongside the animal. In defining the limits of the human, these thinkers present the animal and the machine together in order to elevate the human. Unlike the human, who responds, the animal-machine merely reacts. The animal-machine may approximate certain human actions, but it can never, according to Descartes, in Derrida’s words, “respond to our questions” and will always suffer from a “lack ..
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(2014): Book review. Karl Marx on Technology and Alienation, written by Amy E. Wendling. In: Historical Materialism 22 (3-4), S. 505-519. DOI: 10.1163/1569206X-12341362
Abstract: Amy Wendling contends in this book that Marx's concern with alienation is not restricted to his early, more explicitly Hegelian writings, and that it can be seen to evolve throughout his work in tandem with his interest in technology. This evolution, according to Wendling, is marked by his transition between two successive scientific paradigms, both of which pertain to the status of labour and machinery within society. Wendling claims that Marx uses the distinction between them as a means of conducting an immanent critique of capitalist ideology. Consequently, although it is primarily a work of intellectual history, this book offers an interesting contribution to the hermeneutics of Marx's Capital. In addition, it also bears relation to contemporary discussions concerning real subsumption and the abolition of labour. The book's general argument raises questions as to the degree to which a conception of alienation must rely upon notions of human essence, and upon an idea of a 'natural' and 'authentic' humanity. Wendling's responses to those questions are described as problematic within this review, but they are also acknowledged to be both pertinent and intriguing.
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(2014): Making fingers and words count in a cognitive robot. In: Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience 8
Abstract: Evidence from developmental as well as neuroscientific studies suggest that finger counting activity plays an important role in the acquisition of numerical skills in children. It has been claimed that this skill helps in building motor-based representations of number that continue to influence number processing well into adulthood, facilitating the emergence of number concepts from sensorimotor experience through a bottom-up process. The act of counting also involves the acquisition and use of a verbal number system of which number words are the basic building blocks. Using a Cognitive Developmental Robotics paradigm we present results of a modeling experiment on whether finger counting and the association of number words (or tags) to fingers, could serve to bootstrap the representation of number in a cognitive robot, enabling it to perform basic numerical operations such as addition. The cognitive architecture of the robot is based on artificial neural networks, which enable the robot to learn both sensorimotor skills (finger counting) and linguistic skills (using number words). The results obtained in our experiments show that learning the number words in sequence along with finger configurations helps the fast building of the initial representation of number in the robot. Number knowledge, is instead, not as efficiently developed when number words are learned out of sequence without finger counting. Furthermore, the internal representations of the finger configurations themselves, developed by the robot as a result of the experiments, sustain the execution of basic arithmetic operations, something consistent with evidence coming from developmental research with children. The model and experiments demonstrate the importance of sensorimotor skill learning in robots for the acquisition of abstract knowledge such as numbers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2014): Inference or Familiarity? The Embodied Roots of Social Cognition. In: SYNTHESIS PHILOSOPHICA 29 (2), S. 253-272
Abstract: I consider two distinct deflationary theories in social cognition that aim to explain action understanding without demanding meta-representational or mindreading processes: the first one is the 'teleological stance hypothesis' (TSH), claiming that we infer the intended goal of a certain observed action based on the mere perception of its effects and of its situational constraints; I decided to dub the second one 'the embodied familiarity hypothesis' (EFH) to comprise all the theories claiming that we recognize the intended goal of a certain action based on the perceptual or motoric expertise developed within the sensorimotor contingencies associated to that action's context. TSH's main requirement is that the observer could ascribe efficiency, and therefore rationality, to the observed agent's movement, while EFH's main requirement is that the observer were somehow exposed to the perceptual or motoric details of the observed agent's action. I argue that EFH describes a more primitive and fundamental form of action understanding, i.e. one that is necessarily presupposed by TSH: in fact, while recognizing efficiency is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for detecting goal-relatedness, some kind of perceptual or motoric familiarity with the details of the observed action's context is always necessary for any ascription of efficiency, and therefore of rationality, to the observed agent. I conclude that, while TSH might certainly be effective in describing certain rational forms of action understanding, it implicitly requires EFH to be true, as its inferential system would be groundless without an assumed familiar background of embodied expertise.
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(2014): Minds as social institutions. In: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 13 (1), S. 121-143. DOI: 10.1007/s11097-013-9324-0
Abstract: I will first discuss how social interactions organize, coordinate, and specialize as "artifacts," tools; how these tools are not only for coordination but for achieving something, for some outcome (goal/function), for a collective work. In particular, I will argue that these artifacts specify (predict and prescribe) the mental contents of the participants, both in terms of beliefs and acceptances and in terms of motives and plans. We have to revise the behavioristic view of "scripts" and "roles"; when we play a role we wear a "mind." No collective action would be possible without shared and/or ascribed mental contents. This is also very crucial for a central form of automatic mind-reading (mind ascription). Second, I will argue that often what really matters is the ascribed/prescribed, worn, mind not the real, private one. We have to play (like in the symbolic play) "as if" we had those mental contents. This social convention and mutual assumption makes the interaction work. The ascribed beliefs and goals are not necessarily explicitly there; they might be just implicit as inactive (we act just by routine and automatically) or implicit as potential. The coordination and social action works thanks to these "as if" (ascribed and pretended) minds, thanks to those conventional constructs. Our social minds for social interactions are coordination artifacts and social institutions.
Keywords: als ob, belief in beliefs, Coordination, coordination artifacts, Extended mind, Interaktion, Kooperation, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Konventionen, philosophy of mind, script, Social frames, Social institutions, social interaction, soziale Kognition, theory of mind, Überzeugungen, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten -
(2014): Development of a socially believable multi-robot solution from town to home. In: Cognitive Computation 6 (4), S. 954-967. DOI: 10.1007/s12559-014-9290-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-014-9290-z Abstract: Technological advances in the robotic and ICT fields represent an effective solution to address specific societal problems to support ageing and independent life. One of the key factors for these technologies is that they have to be socially acceptable and believable to the end-users. This paper aimed to present some technological aspects that have been faced to develop the Robot-Era system, a multi-robotic system that is able to act in a socially believable way in the environments daily inhabited by humans, such as urban areas, buildings and homes. In particular, this paper focuses on two services—shopping delivery and garbage collection—showing preliminary results on experiments conducted with 35 elderly people. The analysis adopts an end-user-oriented perspective, considering some of the main attributes of acceptability: usability, attitude, anxiety, trust and quality of life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2014): Swearing in Political Discourse: Why Vulgarity Works. In: Journal of Language and Social Psychology 33 (5), S. 537-547. DOI: 10.1177/0261927X14533198
Abstract: An experimental study investigated the effect of politicians' profanity and gender on their perceived and actual persuasiveness. Results showed that a candidate's use of swear words increased the perception of language informality and improved the general impression about the source. The latter effect was particularly strong for male candidate, as female candidate was already evaluated positively, irrespective of her cursing. In addition, though the manipulation of the politician's vulgarity did not directly affect participants' self-reported likelihood of voting for him or her, an indirect effect through language informality and impression about the candidate emerged. On the contrary, profanity use reduced perceived persuasiveness of the message, suggesting that the influence of swearing could be automatic and unaware. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Keywords: time -
(2014) : Broadening the motivation to cooperate: Revisiting the role of sanctions in social dilemmas In: Van Lange, Paul A. M; Rockenbach, Bettina; Yamagishi, Toshio (Hg.): Reward and punishment in social dilemmas: New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press (Series in human cooperation), S. 115-132
Abstract: Previous research examining the effects of sanctioning in social dilemmas have found that while they are effective in inducing individual cooperation in the short term, their long-term effects could be detrimental (e.g., Chen, Pillutla, & Yao, 2009). While researchers have identified both structural and motivational reasons for this, the structural and motivational approaches have been examined in isolation from one another In addition, most sanctioning research has focused on monetary, short-term, and individual-based ways to induce, cooperation. In this chapter, we integrate the structural and motivational approaches to examine how sanctions may better induce cooperation. In so doing, we propose the further exploration of long-term cooperation through the usage of sanctions that are: non-monetary, group-based, decentralized, and not focused on immediate reinforcement strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Interaktionsforschung, sanctions -
(2014): Politeness processing as situated social cognition. A RT-theoretic account. In: Journal of Pragmatics 71, S. 117-131. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2014.07.010
Abstract: That Relevance Theory (RT) is capable in principle of explaining social or interpersonal dimensions of verbal communication has been adequately documented in the literature (as partly summarized in Wilson and Sperber, 2005). Of all the available attempts at applying the theory in this direction, the most discussed issue is perhaps politeness. Major studies along this line include Escandell-Vidal (1996, 1998), Jary (1998a), Watts (1989, 2003), Christie (2007) and Ruhi (2008). Admittedly, these studies have advanced our understanding of how politeness is processed in the course of communication, but some new issues have arisen, mainly including (i) whether the use of conventional polite forms relative to their default contexts is communicatively relevant or not; (ii) what politeness is taken to be social adequacy, means of maintaining or improving social relations, or perlocutionary effect; (iii) whether politeness interpretation relies on the recognition of speakers' intention or not; (iv) how frames, schemata, etc. are activated in the course of politeness interpretation such that the same utterance might be assigned different interpretations, polite, neutral, or impolite; and (v) whether the communication of politeness is an individual-based social act or a joint action. These issues make it necessary to continue the discussion further. Accordingly, my aim in this study is to propose a new account of how RT might be employed to more fully explain the phenomenon of politeness. Drawing on the fundamental assumptions of RT, together with some pertinent insights on situated social cognition (Langlotz, 2010), I explore the cognitive processing of politeness in three major types of case: the situated use of conventional polite forms, contents, and associations. Approaching politeness in relevance-theoretic terms, I will argue that (i) politeness processing is a matter of situated social cognition, involving interaction between assumptions derived from various sources in a dynamic context; (ii) situated social cognition of polite behavior as a joint act which may be conscious to varying degrees is relevance-oriented; and (iii) processing different manifestations of politeness in dynamic contexts is communicatively relevant in that it yields interpersonal cognitive effects as part and parcel of utterance meaning. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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(2014) : Personalizing robot behavior for interruption in social human-robot interaction: 2014 IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts: Evanston, IL: IEEE, S. 44-49
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ARSO.2014.7020978 Abstract: People engaging in an activity usually has individual tolerance to be interrupted [1], [2]. Humans subconsciously adapt their behaviors to draw other one’s attention and to get into a conversation based on their historical experiences, but robots often fail to be aware of humans’ feeling and thus interrupt their users repeatedly. To endow service robots with such socially acceptable ability, we propose an online human-aware interactive learning framework in this paper, under which the robot personalizes its behaviors according to both observed user’s attention and its conjecture about user’s awareness of itself. To this purpose, the correlation between the robot’s theory of awareness, user’s attention and robot behavior are explored through reinforcement learning techniques. The conducted experiment shows that the robot can personalize its interruption strategy, and the optimal policies converged for at least 26 episodes.
Keywords: Face, Hidden Markov models, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Interrupters, interruption strategy, Künstliche Intelligenz, learning (artificial intelligence), Markov processes, online human-aware interactive learning framework, reinforcement learning techniques, robot behavior personalization, Robot sensing systems, robot theory of awareness, service robot, social human-robot interaction, social sciences, user attention, user awareness -
(2014): From Reading Minds to Social Interaction. Respecifying Theory of Mind. In: Human Studies 37 (1), S. 103-122. DOI: 10.1007/s10746-013-9284-y
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to show some of the limitations of the Theory of Mind approach to interaction compared to a conversation analytic alternative. In the former, mental state terms are examined as words that signify internal referents. This study examines children's uses of 'I want' in situ. The data are taken from a corpus of family mealtimes. 'I want' constructions are shown to be interactionally occasioned. The analysis suggests that (a) a referential view of language does not adequately account for how mental state terms are used in talk, (b) the dominant methodology for examining children's understanding of 'desires' is based on several problematic assumptions. It is concluded that participation in interaction is a social matter, a consideration that is obscured by Theory of Mind and its favoured methods.
Keywords: theory of mind