Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): Soziale Disparitäten im Kontext von Mutter-Kind-Interaktionen und frühen Entwicklungsmaßen von Kindern. In: Frühe Bildung 7 (1), S. 22-31. DOI: 10.1026/2191-9186/a000356
Abstract: Empirische Befunde zu sozialen Disparitäten im Kontext von Mutter-Kind-Interaktionen und frühen Entwicklungsmaßen von Kindern werden vorgestellt. Anhand von Daten der Säuglingskohorte des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) aus dem Jahr 2016 wurde die Entstehung solcher Disparitäten bei 16 bis 17 Monate alten Kindern und ihren Familien untersucht. Im Fokus stand die Analyse von Unterschieden in frühen Lernressourcen der Kinder sowie im mütterlichen und kindlichen Interaktionsverhalten in Abhängigkeit von sozialen (Familienstatus, Einkommen) und bildungsbezogenen familiären Charakteristika. Die Befunde zeigten Effekte der mütterlichen Bildung auf ihr Interaktionsverhalten sowie Assoziationen zwischen dem mütterlichen und kindlichen Interaktionsverhalten. Bezogen auf die erfassten Kindmerkmale fanden sich keine herkunftsbedingten Unterschiede in den frühkindlichen Lernressourcen der Kinder. Die geringen mit der mütterlichen Bildung assoziierten Disparitäten in sozio-emotionalen Facetten der kindlichen Interaktionen erwiesen sich als nicht mehr signifikant, wenn die Unterschiede im mütterlichen Interaktionsverhalten berücksichtigt wurden. Die Befunde werden mit Blick auf die Entstehung von Disparitäten in der Kindesentwicklung aufgrund sozialer und bildungsbezogener Ungleichheit diskutiert.
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(2018) : Emotionen in Lern- und Leistungskontexten In: Spinath, Birgit; Dickhäuser, Oliver; Schöne, Claudia (Hg.): Psychologie der Motivation und Emotion: Grundlagen und Anwendung in ausgewählten Lern- und Arbeitskontexten: 1. Auflage: Göttingen: Hogrefe, S. 80-107
Abstract: Die Entstehung und Auswirkungen der in Lern- und Leistungskontexten auftretenden Emotionen werden aus der Perspektive der Allgemeinen Emotionspsychologie in den Blick genommen. Dabei soll herausgearbeitet werden, welche Aussagen über diese Emotionen sich bereits aus einer allgemeinpsychologischen Theorie der Emotionen ableiten lassen. Allgemeinpsychologische Theorien beanspruchen, für alle normal funktionierenden Erwachsenen in allen Lebensbereichen gültig zu sein. Dementsprechend lautet die Grundannahme bei der Anwendung einer allgemeinpsychologischen Emotionstheorie auf den Lern- und Leistungskontext, dass die dort auftretenden Emotionen von grundsätzlich derselben Art sind, nach denselben Gesetzmäßigkeiten entstehen und dieselben Auswirkungen haben wie Emotionen in anderen Lebensbereichen. Die im Hauptteil der Ausführungen beschriebene allgemeinpsychologische Analyse der Lern- und Leistungsemotionen wird anschließend mit den Annahmen einer neueren Emotionstheorie verglichen, die speziell für Lern- und Leistungsemotionen entwickelt worden ist, der "Kontroll-Wert-Theorie". Abschließend wird kurz auf die Messung von Lern- und Leistungsemotionen eingegangen.
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Spinath, Birgit; Dickhäuser, Oliver; Schöne, Claudia (Hg.) (2018): Psychologie der Motivation und Emotion. Grundlagen und Anwendung in ausgewählten Lern- und Arbeitskontexten. 1. Auflage. Göttingen: Hogrefe
2017
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(2017): Social interaction contexts bias the perceived expressions of interactants. In: Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 17 (4), S. 567-571. DOI: 10.1037/emo0000257
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191995 Abstract: The present study sought to determine whether contextual information available when viewing social interactions from third-person perspectives may influence observers' perception of the interactants' facial emotion. Observers judged whether the expression of a target face was happy or fearful, in the presence of a happy, aggressive, or neutral interactant. In 2 experiments, the same target expressions were judged to be happier when presented in the context of a happy interactant than when interacting with a neutral or aggressive partner. We failed to show that the target expression was judged as more fearful when interacting with an aggressive partner. Importantly, observers' perception of the target expression was not modulated by the emotion of the context interactant when the interactants were presented back-to-back, suggesting that the bias depends on the presence of an intact interaction arrangement. These results provide valuable insight into how social contextual effects shape our perception of facial emotion. (PsycINFO Database Record zitiert von 2
2016
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(2016) : Which robot am I thinking about? The impact of action and appearance on people’s evaluations of a moral robot: 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Christchurch, New Zealand: IEEE Press, S. 125-132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2016.7451743 Abstract: In three studies we found further evidence for a previously discovered Human-Robot (HR) asymmetry in moral judgments: that people blame robots more for inaction than action in a moral dilemma but blame humans more for action than inaction in the identical dilemma (where inaction allows four persons to die and action sacrifices one to save the four). Importantly, we found that people’s representation of the “robot” making these moral decisions appears to be one of a mechanical robot. For when we manipulated the pictorial display of a verbally described robot, people showed the HR asymmetry only when making judgments about a mechanical-looking robot, not a humanoid robot. This is the first demonstration that robot appearance affects people’s moral judgments about robots.
Keywords: Anthropomorphism, Artificial intelligence, Context, Ethics, HR asymmetry, Human Factors, Humanoid Robots, human-robot asymmetry, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Machine morality, mechanical robot, mechanical-looking robot, Moral & Ethik, moral decisions, Moral judgments, moral psychology, moral robot, pictorial display, PSYCHOLOGY, Rails, Robot Ethics, social aspects of automation, verbally described robot -
(2016): Interkulturelle Psychologie. Verstehen und Handeln in internationalen Kontexten. Göttingen: Hogrefe
Abstract: Dieses Buch beleuchtet auf der Grundlage von psychologischen Theorien und Forschungsergebnissen die psychischen Prozesse, die beim Aufeinandertreffen von Menschen aus verschiedenen Kulturen beteiligt sind. Anhand von Fallbeispielen werden typische interkulturelle Begegnungssituationen geschildert und analysiert. Weitere Kapitel thematisieren, wie interkulturelle Handlungskompetenz entsteht, und zeigen Möglichkeiten auf, diese anhand von interkulturellen Trainings zu fördern. - Inhalt: (1) Einführung: Kultur und interkulturelle Interaktion. (2) Interkulturelles Handeln und psychologische Prozesse. (3) Entwicklung des Selbstbildes, des Fremdbildes und des vermuteten Fremdbildes. (4) Entwicklung des Fremdverstehens. (5) Entwicklung und Wirkungen interpersonaler Interaktionsprozesse in interkulturellen Kontexten [Sozialer Vergleich; Gerechtigkeit; soziale Interdependenz; Macht und soziale Dominanz; soziale Netzwerke; Konflikte; Minoritäten]. . (6) Stress und Stressbewältigung im Kontext interkulturellen Handelns. (7) Entwicklung interkultureller Handlungskompetenz. (8) Interkulturelle Trainings. (9) Interkulturelle Psychologie in der Praxis. zitiert von 4
Keywords: conflict, Context, Cross Cultural Communication, Cross Cultural Psychology, Cultural Sensitivity, dominance, Entreprises multinationales, Ethnopsychologie, Gestion interculturelle, Interpersonal Control, Interpersonal Interaction, Justice, Kulturforschung/ kulturelle Unterschiede, Self-Concept, Sensitivity Training, Social Comparison, social networks, Social Perception, Stress 2015
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(2015) : Civilized collaboration: Ethical architectures for enforcing legal requirements and mediating social norms in HRI: 2015 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS): Atlanta, Georgia, USA: IEEE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CTS.2015.7210394 Abstract: The ways in which we treat each other, typically underpinned by an ethical theory, serve as a foundation for civilized activity. Bounds and requirements are established for normal and acceptable interactions between humans. If we are to create robotic systems to reside among us, they must also adhere to a set of related values that humans operate under. This talk first describes the importance of such conventions in human-robot interaction, then outlines a way forward including the difficult research questions remaining to be confronted in ethical human robot interaction (HRI). In particular, examples involving architectures using ethical governors, moral emotions, responsibility advisors and theories of mind are described in two quite different contexts: warfare [1,2] and the maintenance of human dignity in healthcare [3-5]. Even the role of deception must be considered as an important adjunct to HRI, as it may yield more effective intentional and autonomous social robots if properly deployed [6-7]. Finally, we can consider how robots may eventually be able to engineer more socially just human beings via nudging and the ethical questions associated with using such devices [8].
Keywords: autonomous social robots, civilized activity, civilized collaboration, Computer architecture, Context, ethical architectures, ethical aspects, ethical governors, ethical human robot interaction, Ethical Theory, Ethics, HRI, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, legal requirements, Medical services, Moral & Ethik, Moral emotions, responsibility advisors, robotic systems, Robots, service robot, Social Norms -
(2015): The effects of culture and context on perceptions of robotic facial expressions. In: Interaction Studies: Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems 16 (2), S. 272-302. DOI: 10.1075/is.16.2.11ben
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/is.16.2.11ben Abstract: We report two experimental studies of human perceptions of robotic facial expressions while systematically varying context effects and the cultural background of subjects (n = 93). Except for Fear, East Asian and Western subjects were not significantly different in recognition rates, and, while Westerners were better at judging affect from mouth movement alone, East Asians were not any better at judging affect based on eye/brow movement alone. Moreover, context effects appeared capable of over-riding such cultural differences, most notably for Fear. The results seem to run counter to previous theories of cultural differences in facial expression based on emoticons and eye fixation patterns. We connect this to broader research in cognitive science – suggesting the findings support a dynamical systems view of social cognition as an emergent phenomenon. The results here suggest that, if we can induce appropriate context effects, it may be possible to create culture-neutral models of robots and affective interaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2015): Who Attains Status?. Similarities and Differences Across Social Contexts. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 6 (6), S. 692-700. DOI: 10.1177/1948550615580171
Abstract: Informal groups form hierarchies and allocate social status in order to coordinate action and make collective decisions. Although researchers have identified characteristics of people who tend to get status, the extent to which these characteristics are context-dependent is unclear. In two studies, participants from the United States (N = 157) and Germany (N = 95) engaged in affiliative or competitive group interactions. We investigated whether the nature of the group's task moderated the relationship between status attainment and personality. As in previous research, it was found that extraversion predicted status in both competitive and affiliative contexts. In contrast, agreeableness was only associated with status in affiliative contexts. These findings underscore the importance of examining the relationship between personality and social status in context. zitiert von 11
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(2015) : When will people regard robots as morally competent social partners?: 2015 24th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): Kobe, Japan: IEEE Robotics & Automation Society, S. 486-491
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2015.7333667 Abstract: We propose that moral competence consists of five distinct but related elements: (1) having a system of norms; (2) mastering a moral vocabulary; (3) exhibiting moral cognition and affect; (4) exhibiting moral decision making and action; and (5) engaging in moral communication. We identify some of the likely triggers that may convince people to (justifiably) ascribe each of these elements of moral competence to robots. We suggest that humans will treat robots as moral agents (who have some rights, obligations, and are targets of blame) if they perceive them to have at least elements (1) and (2) and one or more of elements (3)-(5).
Keywords: Cognition, Context, Decision Making, Ethics, Human Factors, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Moral & Ethik, Moral action, Moral cognition, moral communication, moral competence, moral decision making, moral vocabulary, morally competent social partners, PSYCHOLOGY, Robots, social aspects of automation, Vocabulary -
(2015) : Perception of Affective Body Movements in HRI across Age Groups: Comparison between Results from Denmark and Japan: 2015 International Conference on Culture and Computing (Culture Computing): Kyoto, Japan: IEEE, S. 25-32
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/Culture.and.Computing.2015.14 Abstract: Social robots are envisioned to move into unrestricted environments where they will be interacting with naive users (in terms of their experience as robot operators). Thus, these robots are also envisioned to exploit interaction channels that are natural to humans like speech, gestures, or body movements. A specificity of these interaction channels is that humans do not only convey task-related information but also more subtle information like e.g. Emotions or personal stance through these channels. Thus, to be successful and not accidentally jeopardizing an interaction, robots need to be able to understand these implicit connotations of the signals (often called social signal processing) in order to generate appropriate signals in a given interaction context. One main application area that is envisioned for social robots is related to elder care, but little is known on how seniors will perceive robots and the signals they produce. In this paper we focus on affective connotations of body movements and investigate how the perception of body movements of robots is related to age. Inspired by a study from Japan, we introduce culture as a variable in the experiment and discuss the difficulties of cross-cultural comparisons. The results show that there are certain age-related differences in the perception of affective body movements, but not as strong as in the original study. A follow up experiment puts the affective body movements into context and shows that recognition rates deteriorate for older participants.
Keywords: affective body movement perception, affective body movements, age groups, age-related differences, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), assisted living, Context, cross-cultural analysis, Cultural differences, culturally aware technology, Denmark, elder care, emotion information, Face, HRI, Human Factors, Human robot interaction, Humanoid Robots, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, implicit connotation, interaction channels, Japan, Legged locomotion, Observers, personal stance information, robot operators, Robots, service robot, social robots, social signal processing, task-related information, TV, unrestricted environments, Videos -
(2015): Understanding power in social context. How power relates to language and communication in line with responsibilities or opportunities
Abstract: Presents an overview of how power relates to communication from a social psychological perspective with the aim of reviewing research on how power alters behavior by outlining particularly the implications of power for language and communication behavior. In addition, the authors demonstrate the reverse impact of (communicative) behavior on power by addressing the question of how the social context and the language used in this context influence the construal and exercise of power. After defining and presenting an overview of recent theoretical approaches dominating the social psychology debate on how power impacts behavior, evidence is reviewed on how power shapes language and communication behavior (e.g., body language) and vice versa. In this context, it is argued that research relating power to language and communication so far has often only considered power in terms of the perceived opportunities it provides. Therefore, subsequent focus is on the moderating role of the context: The social context is what shapes how power is understood and enacted. It is demonstrated how language or communication behavior serve both to create power and to develop a specific understanding of what power positions entail. In conclusion, opportunities for future research are discussed including the potential connections between the construal of power and its implications for language and communication behavior among individuals high in power and those low in power. zitiert von 3
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(2015): A Context-based Approach to Robot-human Interaction. In: Procedia Manufacturing 3, S. 1052-1059. DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.171
Abstract: CARIL (Context-Augmented Robotic Interaction Layer) is a human-robot interaction system that leverages cognitive representations of shared context as a basis for a fundamentally new approach to human-robotic interaction. CARIL gives a robot a human-like representation of context and an ability to reason about context in order to adapt its behavior to that of the humans around it. This capability is “action compliance.” A prototype CARIL implementation focuses on a fundamental form of action compliance called non-interference -- “not being underfoot or in a human's way”. Non-interference is key for the safety of human-co-workers, and is also foundational to more complex interactive and teamwork skills. CARIL is tested via simulation in a space-exploration use-case. The live CARIL prototype directs a single simulated robot in a simulated space station where four simulated astronauts are engaging in a variety of tightly-scheduled work activities. The robot is scheduled to perform background tasks away from the astronauts, but must quickly adapt and not be underfoot as astronaut activities diverge from plan and encroach on the robot's space. The robot, driven by CARIL, demonstrates non-interference action compliance in three benchmarks situations, demonstrating the viability of the CARIL technology and concept. zitiert von 2
2014
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(2014) : Supporting practice-centered awareness in computer-mediated collaboration across communities of practice In: Smari, Waleed W.: International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2014: 19-23 May 2014, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA ; [including symposia and workshops]: 2014 International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS): Minneapolis, MN, USA: 5/19/2014 - 5/23/2014. Annual IEEE Computer Conference; International Conference on Collaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS); International Symposium on Big Data and Data Analytics in Collaboration (BDDAC); International Symposium on Security in Collaboration Technologies and Systems (SECOTS); International Symposium on Collaborative Analysis and Reasoning Systems (CARS); Workshop on Cloud Services and Web 2.0 Technologies for Collaboration (CSWC); International Workshop on Collaborative Robots and Human-Robot Interaction (CR-HRI); International Workshop on Collaborations in Emergency Response and Disaster Management (ERDM); International Workshop on Collaboration Technologies and Systems in Healthcare and Biomedical Fields (CoHeB): Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 64-71
Abstract: Current approaches to supporting awareness in computer-mediated collaboration appear to fall short in two ways - (1) they focus primarily on synchronous collaborations among individuals working on a shared task, and (2) they do not sufficiently take account of the situated and socially mediated nature of work practices. This paper explores an alternative approach to awareness support in computer-mediated collaboration, which focuses on understanding and supporting awareness of activity at the work practice level, and enables coordination among individuals working on separate tasks across communities of practice. We describe a study that suggests how an understanding of the ontological, stereotyped, and situated aspects of human activity leads to awareness support at the work practice level. We outline a set of guidelines for supporting practice-centred awareness in system design, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in enabling decision support among clinicians working separately across boundaries of communities of practice.
Keywords: Alltag, clinicians, Collaboration, Communities, Communities of practice, computer-mediated collaboration, Context, decision support, decision support systems, Encoding, groupware, GUIDELINES, Hospitals, human activity, ieee xplore, Interaktionsforschung, Interviews, medical computing, ontological aspects, ontologies (artificial intelligence), practice-centered awareness, situated aspects, stereotyped aspects, synchronous collaborations, work practice level -
(2014): Die Anderen als sozialer Kontext. Zur Bedeutung strategischer Interaktion. In: KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 66 (S1), S. 47-66. DOI: 10.1007/s11577-014-0258-5
Abstract: Strategisches Handeln bedeutet, dass die Ergebnisse einer Handlung von "Ego" von den Handlungen der "Alteri" abhängig sind. Solche Situationen sind zahlreich im Alltagsleben, in Wirtschaft und Politik. Pioniere wie Erving Goffman oder Raymond Boudon haben die Bedeutung strategischen Handelns für die soziologische Analyse frühzeitig erkannt. Die Handlungsmöglichkeiten anderer Personen bilden den strategischen Kontext einer Person. Zwischen Kontext und Handlung besteht eine Wechselwirkung, deren Dynamik mit spieltheoretischen Modellen analysiert werden kann. Anhand der drei Beispiele Verantwortungsdiffusion, Wettbewerb und relative Deprivation, sozialer Tausch und Vertrauensproblem wird strategisches Handeln erläutert und aufgezeigt, dass strategischer Kontext die Ressourcen und die Wahrnehmung von Chancen beeinflusst, die in Analysen strategischen Handelns eben nicht als exogen angenommen werden können. Analysen des strategischen Kontexts bewegen sich sowohl auf der Mikro- als auch auf der Makroebene. Allerdings sind die strikten Rationalitätsanforderungen der Modelle nicht immer erfüllt. Oft sind evolutionäre Erklärungen angemessener, die auf weniger restriktiven Annahmen adaptiven Verhaltens basieren. (Autorenreferat) zitiert von 7
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(2014): Die Analyse sozialer Kontexte. In: KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 66 (S1), S. 1-16. DOI: 10.1007/s11577-014-0260-y
Abstract: In einer Diskussion grundlegender Probleme der Kontextanalyse wird davon ausgegangen, dass individuelles Verhalten immer in soziale Zusammenhänge eingebettet ist und solche Kontexte eine zentrale Bedingung sind, um individuelles Verhalten zu erklären. aufgeführt. Es wird aufgezeigt, was sich unter einem Kontext verstehen lässt, und Beispiele für Kontexte und ihre Wirkungen werden gegeben. Die sozialen Mechanismen, durch die Kontexte wirken, werden skizziert. Anhand eines Mehrebenen-Modells werden die Probleme der theoretischen Beziehungen zwischen den Ebenen und die dabei auftretenden Schwierigkeiten angemessener statistischer Modellierung untersucht. So ist weitgehend unklar, wie die Mechanismen lauten, die einen Effekt von der Aggregatebene "Land" auf die Ebene "Individuum" unterstellen. Des Weiteren wird unter Verweis auf ähnliche Überlegungen von Simmel und Lazarsfeld auf "cross pressures" zwischen Kontexten eingegangen. Weiterhin werden nicht-lineare Effekte und Selektionseffekte (unobserved variables) als zwei weitere Probleme von Kontextanalysen behandelt. Die Überlegungen werden in einer Skizze einer Theorie der Kontexte zusammengefasst und Vorschläge, wie künftige Studien angelegt werden sollten, um Forschungslücken zu schließen, werden formuliert. (Autorenreferat) zitiert von 31
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(2014) : Moral competence in social robots: 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering: Chicago, IL, USA: IEEE, S. 1-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893446 Abstract: We propose that any robots that collaborate with, look after, or help humans-in short, social robots-must have moral competence. But what does moral competence consist of? We offer a framework for moral competence that attempts to be comprehensive in capturing capacities that make humans morally competent and that therefore represent candidates for a morally competent robot. We posit that human moral competence consists of four broad components: (1) A system of norms and the language and concepts needed to communicate about these norms; (2) moral cognition and affect; (3) moral decision making and action; and (4) moral communication. We sketch what we know and don’t know about these four elements of moral competence in humans and, for each component, ask how we could equip an artificial agent with these capacities.
Keywords: Affect, Artificial agent, Cognition, Communities, Context, Decision Making, ethical aspects, Ethics, Human Factors, human moral competence, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, intentionality, Mobile robots, Moral & Ethik, Moral action, moral affect, Moral agency, Moral cognition, moral communication, moral decision making, moral language, norms system, PSYCHOLOGY, Robots, Social Cognition, social robots 2013
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(2013) : Accompany: Acceptable robotiCs COMPanions for AgeiNG Years — Multidimensional aspects of human-system interactions: 2013 6th International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI): Sopot, Poland: IEEE, S. 570-577
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HSI.2013.6577882 Abstract: With changes in life expectancy across the world, technologies enhancing well-being of individuals, specifically for older people, are subject to a new stream of research and development. In this paper we present the ACCOMPANY project, a pan-European project which focuses on home companion technologies. The projects aims to progress beyond the state of the art in multiple areas such as empathic and social human-robot interaction, robot learning and memory visualisation, monitoring persons and chores at home, and technological integration of these multiple approaches on an existing robotic platform, Care-O-Bot®3 and in the context of a smart-home environment utilising a multitude of sensor arrays. The resulting prototype from integrating these developments undergoes multiple formative cycles and a summative evaluation cycle towards identifying acceptable behaviours and roles for the robot for example role as a butler or a trainer. Furthermore, the evaluation activities will use an evaluation grid in order to assess achievement of the identified user requirements, formulated in form of distinct scenarios. Finally, the project considers ethical concerns and by highlighting principles such as autonomy, independence, enablement, safety and privacy, it embarks on providing a discussion medium where user views on these principles and the existing tension between some of these principles for example tension between privacy and autonomy over safety, can be captured and considered in design cycles and throughout project developments.
Keywords: acceptable robotics companions for ageing years, ACCOMPANY project, assisted living, autonomy principle, Cameras, Care-O-BotR®3, chore monitoring, Context, design cycles, empathic human-robot interaction, enablement principle, ethical aspects, ethical concerns, home companion technologies, human-robot interaction, human-system interactions, ieee xplore, independence principle, individual well-being enhancement, Life Expectancy, memory visualisation, Moral & Ethik, pan-European project, person monitoring, privacy principle, project developments, Robot kinematics, robot learning, Robot vision systems, robotic platform, safety principle, Senior citizens, sensor arrays, service robot, smart-home environment, social aspects of automation, social human-robot interaction, summative evaluation cycle -
(2013): The impact of social context and language comprehension on behaviour. A kinematic investigation. In: PLoS one 8 (12). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085151
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24376869 Abstract: We investigated whether and how comprehending sentences that describe a social context influences our motor behaviour. Our stimuli were sentences that referred to objects having different connotations (e.g., attractive/ugly vs. smooth/prickly) and that could be directed towards the self or towards "another person" target (e.g., "The object is ugly/smooth. Bring it to you/Give it to another person"). Participants judged whether each sentence was sensible or non-sensible by moving the mouse towards or away from their body. Mouse movements were analysed according to behavioral and kinematics parameters. In order to enhance the social meaning of the linguistic stimuli, participants performed the task either individually (Individual condition) or in a social setting, in co-presence with the experimenter. The experimenter could either act as a mere observer (Social condition) or as a confederate, interacting with participants in an off-line modality at the end of task execution (Joint condition). Results indicated that the different roles taken by the experimenter affected motor behaviour and are discussed within an embodied approach to language processing and joint actions. zitiert von 4
Keywords: Biomechanical Phenomena/physiology, Comprehension/physiology, Context, Einzelstudie / spezifisch, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Interaction, Italy, Language, Motor Activity/physiology, Male, Motor Processes, Neuropsychological Tests, Observers, Sentence Comprehension, Social Environment, Verhaltensforschung, Young Adult -
(2013) : What you do is who you are: The role of task context in perceived social robot personality: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation: Karlsruhe, Germany: IEEE, S. 2134-2139
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA.2013.6630863 Abstract: People tend to unconsciously attribute personality traits to all kinds of technology including robots. But what personality do they want robots to have? Previous research has found support for two contradicting theories: similarity attraction and complementary attraction. The similarity attraction theory implies that people prefer a robot with a similar personality to their own (e.g., an extroverted person prefers an extroverted robot). According to the complementary attraction theory, people prefer a robot’s personality opposite to their own (e.g., extroverted people prefer an introverted robot). In contrast to both theories, we argue that what is considered an appropriate personality for a robot depends on the task context. In a 2×2 between-groups experiment (N=45), we found trends that indicated similarity attraction for extrovert participants when the robot was a tour guide and complementary attraction for introverted participants when the robot was a cleaner. These trends show that preferences for robot personalities may indeed depend on the context of the robot’s role and the stereotype perceptions people hold for certain jobs. Robot behaviors likely need to be adapted not in complimentary or similarity to the users’ personality but to the users’ expectations about what kind of personality and behaviors are consistent with such a task or role.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Artificial intelligence, Atmospheric measurements, Cleaning, complementary attraction theory, Context, Humanoid Robots, ieee xplore, Painting, Particle measurements, robot behavior, Robots, similarity attraction theory, social robot personality, speech, Task context -
(2013): Why are you looking like that? How the context influences evaluation and processing of human faces. In: Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 8 (4), S. 438-445. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss013
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22287265 Abstract: Perception and evaluation of facial expressions are known to be heavily modulated by emotional features of contextual information. Such contextual effects, however, might also be driven by non-emotional aspects of contextual information, an interaction of emotional and non-emotional factors, and by the observers' inherent traits. Therefore, we sought to assess whether contextual information about self-reference in addition to information about valence influences the evaluation and neural processing of neutral faces. Furthermore, we investigated whether social anxiety moderates these effects. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, participants viewed neutral facial expressions preceded by a contextual sentence conveying either positive or negative evaluations about the participant or about somebody else. Contextual influences were reflected in rating and fMRI measures, with strong effects of self-reference on brain activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and right fusiform gyrus. Additionally, social anxiety strongly affected the response to faces conveying negative, self-related evaluations as revealed by the participants' rating patterns and brain activity in cortical midline structures and regions of interest in the left and right middle frontal gyrus. These results suggest that face perception and processing are highly individual processes influenced by emotional and non-emotional aspects of contextual information and further modulated by individual personality traits. zitiert von 56
Keywords: Affective Valence, Amygdala, Brain Mapping, Brain/physiology, Cerebral Blood Flow, Context, Emotions/physiology, Face Perception, Face/physiology, Facial Expression, FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, Female, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Fusiform Gyrus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods, Male, Neuroanatomy, Neurowissenschaften, Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology, Perception/physiology, Personality Traits, Photic Stimulation/methods, Self Reference, social anxiety 2011
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Chen, Xinyin; Rubin, Kenneth H. (Hg.) (2011): Socioemotional development in cultural context. New York, NY: Guilford (Social, emotional, and personality development in context)
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(2011) : Emotion, self-regulation, and social behavior in cultural contexts In: Chen, Xinyin; Rubin, Kenneth H. (Hg.): Socioemotional development in cultural context: New York, NY: Guilford (Social, emotional, and personality development in context), S. 131-163
Abstract: Presented a cultural model of emotion, self-regulation, and social development. The authors argue that culture plays a pivotal role in the socialization of emotion, having an effect on children's ability to self-regulate and ultimately their social behavior. Topics of discussion include the functional relations between emotional and social development, the aspects of social competence, parenting, universal and individual developmental conditions, the role of culture-specific socialization conditions, the role of cognitive and emotional factors in the development of self-regulation, universal and culture-specific conditions of emotion regulation, and culture-specific aspects of socialization processes. It is concluded a culturally informed view on the development of emotion and social behavior is necessary for the proper evaluation of any actual outcome. The need for more cross-cultural, within-culture, and culturally informed studies on the development of emotion regulation, self-regulation, and social competence is recommended. zitiert von 42
2010
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(2010) : Aiding Designers, Operators and Regulators to Deal with Legal and Ethical Considerations in the Design and Use of Lethal Autonomous Systems: 2010 International Conference on Emerging Security Technologies: Canterbury, United Kingdom: IEEE, S. 148-152
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EST.2010.35 Abstract: The focus of this paper is how to design legal and ethical behaviour into Semi/Autonomous Systems (S/AS) that work within a System-of-Systems (SoS) context, in either a military or civilian environment. Its intention is to explore the problem domain, question the comprehensiveness of current work in this area and postulate a series of issues that the authors feel need to be addressed if serious progress is to be made in an area of considerable interest to governments, manufacturers and users of theses systems and indeed the general public. It should be read as a discussion document.
2008
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(2008): Questions of context in studies of talk and interaction—Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. In: Journal of Pragmatics 40 (5), S. 823-826. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2007.10.009
Abstract: The questions dealt with in this special issue of Journal of Pragmatics are doubly vexed. The first matter at issue is that the papers I have solicited take on some aspects of the debate within, and between, ethnomethodology (EM) and conversation analysis (CA)–and, by extension, wider approaches to discourse analysis and perhaps even pragmatics as a whole–as to whether and, if so to what extent, contextual particulars are relevant to the analyst's task in hand; therefore specifying, to some degree, what that task actually is. zitiert von 20