Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): Children Consider Their Own Group to Be More Human Than Other Social Groups. In: Social Psychology 49 (3), S. 125-134. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000329
Abstract: Three studies were conducted to determine whether outgroups were dehumanized through animalization since childhood. Using the Implicit Association Test (IAT), in Study 1 we found faster reaction times in the compatible condition (ingroup names and human words, outgroup names and animal words), compared with the incompatible condition (ingroup names and animal words, outgroup names and human words). In Study 2, we used a paper-and-pencil design and found that the association between animal-related words and outgroups was more prevalent in comparison to ingroups. The participants of Study 3 selected a larger number of animal-related words to describe the outgroups than their own groups. Results revealed that the tendency to animalize is a process that begins during early childhood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 1
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(2018): The moral psychology of anger. London; New York: Rowman & Littlefield International (Moral psychology of the emotions)
Abstract: The Moral Psychology of Anger is the first comprehensive study of the moral psychology of anger from a philosophical perspective. In light of the recent revival of interest in emotions in philosophy and the current social and political interest in anger, the editors explain its resilience in our emotional lives and normative frameworks, and examine what inhibits and encourages thoughts, feelings, and expressions of anger. This volume also examines the ways in which rage--anger's cousin--is a moral emotion, what black rage is and how it is policed in our society and how berserker rage is limited and problematic for the contemporary military. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Anger, Emotions, Emotionsforschung, Moral, Morality, Philosophies, social psychology, Sozialpsychologie -
(2018): Happy to help?. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of performing acts of kindness on the well-being of the actor. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 76, S. 320-329. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2018.02.014
Abstract: Do acts of kindness improve the well-being of the actor? Recent advances in the behavioural sciences have provided a number of explanations of human social, cooperative and altruistic behaviour. These theories predict that people will be ‘happy to help’ family, friends, community members, spouses, and even strangers under some conditions. Here we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the experimental evidence that kindness interventions (for example, performing ‘random acts of kindness’) boost subjective well-being. Our initial search of the literature identified 489 articles; of which 24 (27 studies) met the inclusion criteria (total N/=/4045). These 27 studies, some of which included multiple control conditions and dependent measures, yielded 52 effect sizes. Multi-level modeling revealed that the overall effect of kindness on the well-being of the actor is small-to-medium (´/=/0.28). The effect was not moderated by sex, age, type of participant, intervention, control condition or outcome measure. There was no indication of publication bias. We discuss the limitations of the current literature, and recommend that future research test more specific theories of kindness: taking kindness-specific individual differences into account; distinguishing between the effects of kindness to specific categories of people; and considering a wider range of proximal and distal outcomes. Such research will advance our understanding of the causes and consequences of kindness, and help practitioners to maximise the effectiveness of kindness interventions to improve well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 1
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Decker, Oliver (2018): Sozialpsychologie und Sozialtheorie. Wiesbaden: Springer VS
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(2018): Learning moral values. Another's desire to punish enhances one's own punitive behavior. In: Journal of experimental psychology. General, S. 1211-1224. DOI: 10.1037/xge0000405
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29878807 Abstract: There is little consensus about how moral values are learned. Using a novel social learning task, we examine whether vicarious learning impacts moral values-specifically fairness preferences-during decisions to restore justice. In both laboratory and Internet-based experimental settings, we employ a dyadic justice game where participants receive unfair splits of money from another player and respond resoundingly to the fairness violations by exhibiting robust nonpunitive, compensatory behavior (baseline behavior). In a subsequent learning phase, participants are tasked with responding to fairness violations on behalf of another participant (a receiver) and are given explicit trial-by-trial feedback about the receiver's fairness preferences (e.g., whether they prefer punishment as a means of restoring justice). This allows participants to update their decisions in accordance with the receiver's feedback (learning behavior). In a final test phase, participants again directly experience fairness violations. After learning about a receiver who prefers highly punitive measures, participants significantly enhance their own endorsement of punishment during the test phase compared with baseline. Computational learning models illustrate the acquisition of these moral values is governed by a reinforcement mechanism, revealing it takes as little as being exposed to the preferences of a single individual to shift one's own desire for punishment when responding to fairness violations. Together this suggests that even in the absence of explicit social pressure, fairness preferences are highly labile. (PsycINFO Database Record
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(2018): They did it again!. Social control responses to repeated incidences of deviance in small groups / ¡Lo han vuelto a hacer! Respuestas de control social a la incidencia repetida de la desviación en grupos pequeños. In: Revista de Psicología Social 33 (3), S. 578-619. DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2018.1482055
Abstract: Deviant group members who break group norms often challenge social validity and group locomotion, invoking varying types of social control responses. The current study (N = 95) investigated changes over time in the use of four social control responses of varying severity (persuasion, embarrassment, temporary exclusion and permanent exclusion) employed in response to deviance. It also tested the roles that perceived effectiveness of and social support for various responses play in response selection. Findings show severity of social control response selection is driven by both pragmatic and identity-based concerns: Over time, responses become more severe, driven in part by effectiveness and social support. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Who am I?. The role of moral beliefs in children's and adults' understanding of identity. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, S. 210-219. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2018.03.007
Abstract: Adults report that moral characteristics—particularly widely shared moral beliefs—are central to identity. This perception appears driven by the view that changes to widely shared moral beliefs would alter friendships and that this change in social relationships would, in turn, alter an individual's personal identity. Because reasoning about identity changes substantially during adolescence, the current work tested pre- and post-adolescents to reveal the role that such changes could play in moral cognition. Experiment 1 showed that 8- to 10-year-olds, like adults, judged that people would change more after changes to their widely shared moral beliefs (e.g., whether hitting is wrong) than after changes to controversial moral beliefs (e.g., whether telling prosocial lies is wrong). Following up on this basic effect, a second experiment examined whether participants regard all changes to widely shared moral beliefs as equally impactful. Adults, but not children, reported that individuals would change more if their good moral beliefs (e.g., it is not okay to hit) transformed into bad moral beliefs (e.g., it is okay to hit) than if the opposite change occurred. This difference in adults was mediated by perceptions of how much changes to each type of belief would alter friendships. We discuss implications for moral judgment and social cognitive development.
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(2018): Under Pressure: Examining Social Conformity With Computer and Robot Groups. In: Human factors 60 (8), S. 1207-1218. DOI: 10.1177/0018720818788473
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30004798 Abstract: OBJECTIVE The authors investigate whether nonhuman agents, such as computers or robots, produce a social conformity effect in human operators and examine to what extent potential conformist behavior varies as a function of the human-likeness of the group members and the type of task that has to be performed. BACKGROUND People conform due to normative and/or informational motivations in human-human interactions, and conformist behavior is modulated by factors related to the individual as well as factors associated with the group, context, and culture. Studies have yet to examine whether nonhuman agents also induce social conformity. METHOD Participants were assigned to a computer, robot, or human group and completed both a social and analytical task with the respective group. RESULTS Conformity measures (percentage of times participants answered in line with agents on critical trials) subjected to a 3 × 2 mixed ANOVA showed significantly higher conformity rates for the analytical versus the social task as well as a modulation of conformity depending of the perceived agent-task fit. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that nonhuman agents were able to exert a social conformity effect, which was modulated further by the perceived match between agent and task type. Participants conformed to comparable degrees with agents during the analytical task but conformed significantly more strongly on the social task as the group's human-likeness increased. APPLICATION Results suggest that users may react differently to the influence of nonhuman agent groups with the potential for variability in conformity depending on the domain of the task.
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(2018): Influence of emotional valence on perceived psychological distance depends on emotional intensity. In: European Journal of Social Psychology 48 (5), S. 687-700. DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2361
Abstract: Previous findings regarding the relationship between emotional valence and psychological distance were mixed. The current research examined whether emotional intensity moderates the influence of emotional valence on psychological distance. We manipulated intensity and valence by asking participants to describe a positive or negative event from either a high intensity or low intensity perspective. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that negative events were perceived to be more distant than positive events in the low‐intensity condition in two distinct cultural groups. Study 3 further proved that the obtained patterns were generalizable to different emotions. Finally, Study 4 found that a reduced alert level, but not perceived threats, mediated the interactive effects of valence and intensity on psychological distance. This research highlights the importance of considering the joint effect of different dimensions of emotion, thus advancing the understanding of complex processes of emotion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): Individual differences in social control. Who 'speaks up' when witnessing uncivil, discriminatory, and immoral behaviours?. In: The British journal of social psychology 57 (3), S. 524-546. DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12246
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29468703 Abstract: This research examined the personality characteristics of individuals who 'speak up' and confront perpetrators of norm transgressions. We tested whether those who intervene tend to be 'bitter complainers' or 'well-adjusted leaders'. In four studies (total N = 1,003), we measured several individual differences that are directly implicated by at least one of the two concepts. We also presented participants with uncivil, discriminatory, and immoral behaviours and asked them how likely they would be to intervene if they were to witness each of these behaviours as a bystander. The results confirmed the well-adjusted leader hypothesis: Participants' self-reported tendency to confront perpetrators correlated positively with altruism, extraversion, social responsibility, acceptance by peers, independent self-construal, emotion regulation, persistence, self-directedness, age, occupation, and monthly salary, but not with aggressiveness or low self-esteem. Individuals who confront prejudice also speak up against other immoral and uncivil behaviours. We discuss the implications of these findings for the perpetuation and change of social norms. zitiert von 2
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(2018): Clothes, condoms, and customer satisfaction. The effect of employee mere presence on customer satisfaction depends on the shopping situation. In: Psychology & Marketing 35 (6), S. 454-462. DOI: 10.1002/mar.21098
Abstract: Few studies have examined how customers respond to the mere presence of others in the shopping environment, and only one article (Soderlund, ) has investigated the unique impact that employee presence has on key customer outcomes. Soderlund () found that customers entering a store with an employee present (vs. absent) reported significantly higher levels of customer satisfaction, with their increased levels of pleasurable feelings mediating this effect. However, similar to the majority of theorizing on customer satisfaction, that article was restricted to data collected in a Western society. Given the rapid economic growth in many Asian regions, there is a need to examine the applicability of such Western-based findings from an Asian perspective, and hence include participants from Eastern societies. Accordingly, the present research investigated whether Soderlund's () results could be replicated among Asian customers. The current work also sought to extend prior findings beyond pleasure and customer satisfaction while simultaneously documenting a boundary condition for the hitherto positive employee mere presence effects. To this end, two between-subjects experiments with a total sample of 498 Chinese customers were conducted. Study 1, which involved a shopping situation in a clothing store, replicated Soderlund's () main results and further found that employee mere presence (vs. absence) had a significant positive impact on customers' loyalty intentions. These results were reversed in Study 2, in which the shopping situation involved the purchase of an embarrassing product. Under such circumstances, employee presence (vs. absence) consistently produced negative effects on customers' levels of pleasure, satisfaction, and loyalty intentions.
Keywords: Disziplin, dominance, Kulturinvarianz, Kulturtheorie, Marketing, Psychologie, Sozialpsychologie -
(2018) : The multi-norm structural social-developmental model of children's intergroup attitudes: Integrating intergroup-loyalty and outgroup fairness norms. In: Vala, Jorge; Waldzus, Sven; Calheiros, Maria Manuela (Hg.): The Social Developmental Construction of Violence and Intergroup Conflict: Berlin, Germany: Axel Springer SE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42727-0 Abstract: This chapter presents a new complete theoretical model of intergroup attitudes of children—the Multi-Norm Structural Social-Developmental (MNSD) model. The MNSD offers a comprehensive and integrative approach that builds on three extant social-developmental theories that explain the dynamic variation of prejudiced responses during child development. The unique contribution of MNSD is in integrating hypotheses on the role of competing social norms, using social-developmental and social psychological theory. The MNSD proposes that two strong social norms, the ingroup loyalty norm and the norm not to be prejudiced (outgroup fairness norm), operate in a complementary rather than mutually exclusive way in social-developmental intergroup contexts. In specifying when and how these norms become influential and shape intergroup biases of children, the MNSD proposes two kinds of hypotheses, one regarding lasting changes in the availability and internalization of these norms and o ne regar ding the situational and context dependent salience of them. With this the authors explain existing results and generate novel untested systematic hypotheses on how the dynamic relationship between groups' complex normative repertoires and socio-structural variables proposed by social identity theory (status differences, their stability and legitimacy) might operate insidiously to protect or reify the status quo within asymmetric intergroup contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) Document Type:
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(2018): Collaborative Assembly in Hybrid Manufacturing Cells: An Integrated Framework for Human–Robot Interaction. In: IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 15 (3), S. 1178-1192. DOI: 10.1109/TASE.2017.2748386
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TASE.2017.2748386 Abstract: Recent emergence of safe, lightweight, and flexible robots has opened a new realm for human-robot collaboration in manufacturing. Utilizing such robots with the new human-robot interaction (HRI) functionality to interact closely and effectively with a human co-worker, we propose a novel framework for integrating HRI factors (both physical and social interactions) into the robot motion controller for human-robot collaborative assembly tasks in a manufacturing hybrid cell. To meet human physical demands in such assembly tasks, an optimal control problem is formulated for physical HRI (pHRI)-based robot motion control to keep pace with human motion progress. We further augment social HRI (sHRI) into the framework by considering a computational model of the human worker's trust in his/her robot partner as well as robot facial expressions. The human worker's trust in robot is computed and used as a metric for path selection as well as a constraint in the optimal control problem. Robot facial expression is displayed for providing additional visual feedbacks to the human worker. We evaluate the proposed framework by designing a robotic experimental testbed and conducting a comprehensive study with a human-in-the-loop. Results of this paper show that compared to the manual adjustments of robot velocity, an autonomous controller based on pHRI, pHRI and sHRI with trust, or pHRI and sHRI with trust, and emotion result in 34%, 39%, and 44% decrease in human workload and 21%, 32%, and 60% increase in robot's usability, respectively. Compared to the manual framework, human trust in robot increases by 38% and 42%, respectively, in the latter two autonomous frameworks. Moreover, the overall efficiency in terms of assembly time remains the same.
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(2018): Less Power, Greater Conflict. In: Social Psychology 49 (1), S. 47-62. DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000327Keywords: POWER, Sozialpsychologie
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(2018): Highly identified power-holders feel responsible. The interplay between social identification and social power within groups. In: The British journal of social psychology 57 (1), S. 112-129. DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12225
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28983928 Abstract: Power relations affect dynamics within groups. Power-holders' decisions not only determine their personal outcomes, but also the outcomes of others in the group that they control. Yet, power-holders often tend to overlook this responsibility to take care of collective interests. The present research investigated how social identification - with the group to which both the powerful and the powerless belong - alters perceived responsibility among power-holders (and the powerless). Combining research on social power and social identity, we argue that power-holders perceive more responsibility than the powerless when strongly (rather than when weakly) identifying with the group. A study among leaders and an experiment supported this, highlighting that although power-holders are often primarily concerned about personal outcomes, they do feel responsible for considering others' interests when these others are included in the (social) self.
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(2018): Supplemental Material for Unethical and Inept?. The Influence of Moral Information on Perceptions of Competence. In: Journal of personality and social psychology, S. 195-210. DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000097.supp
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000097.supp Abstract: While moral character heavily influences global evaluations of others (Goodwin, Piazza, & Rozin, 2014), its causal effect on perceptions of others’ competence (i.e., one’s knowledge, skills, and abilities) is less clear. We found that people readily use information about another’s morality when judging their competence, despite holding folk intuitions that these domains are independent. Across 6 studies (n = 1,567), including 2 preregistered experiments, participants judged targets who committed hypothetical transgressions (Studies 1 and 3), cheated on lab tasks (Study 2), acted selfishly in economic games (Study 4), and received low morality ratings from coworkers (Study 5 and 6) as less competent than control or moral targets. These findings were specific to morality and were not the result of incidentally manipulating impressions of warmth (Study 4), nor were they fully explained by a general halo effect (Studies 2 and 3). We hypothesized that immoral targets are seen as less competent because their immoral actions led them to be viewed as low in social intelligence. Studies 4 and 5 supported this prediction, demonstrating that social intelligence was a more reliable mediator than perceptions of self-control or general intelligence. An experimental test of this mediation argument found that presenting targets as highly socially intelligent eliminated the negative effect of immoral information on judgments of competence (Study 6). These results suggest that information about a person’s moral character readily influences perceptions of their competence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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van Zomeren, Martijn; Dovidio, John F. (Hg.) (2018): The Oxford handbook of the human essence. New York, NY: Oxford University Press (Oxford library of psychology)
2017
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(2017): Beyond Dominance and Competence. A Moral Virtue Theory of Status Attainment. In: Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc 21 (3), S. 203-227. DOI: 10.1177/1088868316649297
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27225037 Abstract: Recognition has grown that moral behavior (e.g., generosity) plays a role in status attainment, yet it remains unclear how, why, and when demonstrating moral characteristics enhances status. Drawing on philosophy, anthropology, psychology, and organizational behavior, I critically review a third route to attaining status: virtue, and propose a moral virtue theory of status attainment to provide a generalized account of the role of morality in status attainment. The moral virtue theory posits that acts of virtue elicit feelings of warmth and admiration (for virtue), and willing deference, toward the virtuous actor. I further consider how the scope and priority of moralities and virtues endorsed by a moral community are bound by culture and social class to affect which moral characteristics enhance status. I end by outlining an agenda for future research into the role of virtue in status attainment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 5
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(2017): Norms in the wild. How to diagnose, measure, and change social norms. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
Abstract: 'Norms in the Wild' takes a look at social norms, answering questions about diagnosis (how can we tell that a shared practice is a social norm?), measurement (how do we measure expectations and preferences?), and change (which tools can we adopt to effect norm change?). The theories developed in the work are brought to life by examining real-life cases of norm creation and abandonment, the rationale behind policy interventions, and how change can be spearheaded by various types of trendsetters, be they individuals, groups, or the media
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(2017): Kommunikation, Interaktion und soziale Gruppenprozesse. 1. Auflage. Göttingen: Hogrefe (Enzyklopädie der Psychologie. Themenbereich C, Theorie und Forschung. Serie VI, Sozialpsychologie)
Abstract: Ausgehend von einem Beispiel für ein soziales Dilemma wird ein Überblick über die sozialpsychologische Forschung zu Kooperation und Wettbewerb in sozialen Dilemmata gegeben. Nach einer Klärung der wesentlichen Begriffe (Kooperation, Wettbewerb, Altruismus, Boshaftigkeit) werden folgende Aspekte behandelt: (1) Die bekanntesten Zwei-Personen-Dilemmata (das Gefangenendilemma; "Assurance"-Spiel; "Chicken"-Spiel). (2) Mehr-Personen-Dilemmata (das Dilemma öffentlicher Güter; Team-Games). (3) Fairness und Kooperation. Abschließend werden zentrale Ergebnisse der Forschung über soziale Dilemmata kritisch gewürdigt und Probleme und offene Fragen werden diskutiert.
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(2017): A population study of correlates of social participation in older adults with age-related vision loss. In: Clinical rehabilitation 31 (1), S. 115-125. DOI: 10.1177/0269215515624479
DOI: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0269215515624479 Abstract: OBJECTIVE To examine personal characteristics, disease-related impairment variables, activity limitations, and environmental factors as correlates of social participation in older adults with vision loss guided by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Model. DESIGN Baseline data of a larger longitudinal study. SETTING Community-based vision rehabilitation agency. SUBJECTS A total of 364 older adults with significant vision impairment due to age-related macular degeneration. MAIN MEASURES In-person interviews assessing social participation (i.e. frequency of social support contacts, social/leisure challenges faced due to vision loss, and of social support provided to others) and hypothesized correlates (e.g. visual acuity test, Functional Vision Screening Questionnaire, ratings of attachment to house and neighborhood, environmental modifications in home). RESULTS Regression analyses showed that indicators of physical, social, and mental functioning (e.g. better visual function, fewer difficulties with instrumental activities of daily living, fewer depressive symptoms) were positively related to social participation indicators (greater social contacts, less challenges in social/leisure domains, and providing more support to others). Environmental factors also emerged as independent correlates of social participation indicators when functional variables were controlled. That is, participants reporting higher attachment to their neighborhood and better income adequacy reported having more social contacts; and those implementing more environmental strategies were more likely to report greater challenges in social and leisure domains. Better income adequacy and living with more people were related to providing more social support to others. CONCLUSION Environmental variables may play a role in the social participation of older adults with age-related macular degeneration.
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(2017): Time to go!. Leaving the group in response to norm-deviations. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 73, S. 259-267. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2017.07.005
Abstract: Investigated under which conditions group members' reactions to an ingroup deviation consist of escape of confrontation. In Study 1, 126 participants (mean age 22 years) were asked to recall a situation in which another member of their ingroup had deviated from expectations, which had either been accepted or not accepted by other group members. Participants rated deviation severity, identity subversion, confrontation, and leaving. Study 2 investigated the role of identification with the group in the development of escape intentions in response to norm deviations. 499 participants (mean age 24 years) indicated the extent of their social identification with their university. Then, they were presented severe deviations vs. normative behavior shown by a leader and completed another measure of social identification in addition to the variables from Study 1. Results of both studies showed that deviations accepted by a number of ingroup members or exhibited by a leader predicted escape behavior. This effect was mediated by higher identity subversion in Studies 1 and 2 and by lower group identity in Study 2. All deviations were observed to lead to confrontation tendencies, which was also mediated by an increased identity subversion. It is concluded that ingroup members escape situations when a deviation is norm-changing.
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(2017): Moral foundations tell us why guilt induces unfair allocation in multi-party interactions. In: Asian Journal of Social Psychology 20 (3-4), S. 191-200. DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12170
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12170 Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that a sense of guilt promotes and maintains social fairness in two‐party interactions (Psychological Bulletin, 115, 1994 and 243). However, the situation is much more complex in three‐party or multi‐party interactions. De Hooge et al. (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 2011 and 462) found that guilt could not only induce pro‐social behaviour towards the victim, but also have a disadvantageous impact on a third party. In the present study, we attempt to explain how guilt promotes unfair allocations from a moral foundations perspective. We conducted two experiments using a ‘three‐party dictator game’ paradigm. Firstly, it was repeatedly verified that guilt could induce unfair allocations in three‐party interactions. Secondly, five moral foundations (harm, fairness, ingroup, hierarchy and purity) were measured. Then the moderating and main effects of these five indices on how guilt affects the fair allocati on of re sources were explored using regression analysis. The results show that competition between harm and fairness in individual traits can explain the disadvantageous effect of guilt on fair allocations: the fairness foundation promoted equality in allocation, while the harm foundation promoted victim compensation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Do We Gossip for Moral Reasons?. The Intersection of Moral Foundations and Gossip. In: Basic and Applied Social Psychology 39 (4), S. 218-230. DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2017.1336713
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2017.1336713 Abstract: Gossip is comprised of evaluative talk about absent others. Although such evaluations may be moral or non-moral, moral judgments often precede the transmission of gossip. This work explored the salience of moral and non-moral motivations to transmit gossip-like information. Two studies explored the relationships between the general tendency to gossip, transmission of, and interest in gossip, five moral foundations (Harm/care, Fairness/reciprocity, Ingroup/loyalty, Authority/respect, Purity/sanctity), their sacredness in relational contexts, and moral and non-moral motives to gossip. Results from Studies 1 (negative gossip—infidelity) and 2 (positive gossip—fidelity) indicated that moral motives to gossip were more important than non-moral motives. The contribution of morality in perpetuating gossip was discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Authority, Fairness, Gossip, Ingroup Outgroup, Moral, Loyalty, Morality, Reciprocity, respect, social psychology, Sozialpsychologie -
(2017): Social cognition. From brains to culture. Third edition. Los Angeles; London; New Delhi; Singapore; Washington, DC; Melbourne: Sage