Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): "It's all about incentive": Social technology as a potential facilitator for self-determined physical activity participation for young people with physical disabilities. In: Developmental neurorehabilitation 21 (8), S. 521-530. DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2017.1370501
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2017.1370501 Abstract: PURPOSE To investigate the perceived role of social technologies in promoting physical activity participation for young people with physical disabilities and to identify design considerations that should be addressed when creating social technologies to promote physical activity. METHOD Interactive design workshops for young people with physical disabilities aged 12-18 (n = 8) were held. Data were analyzed using interpretive thematic analysis. RESULTS Young people perceived significant benefit for social technologies to promote physical activity as they have the potential to overcome many barriers to physical activity participation. Design features recommended by the participants included (1) options for diverse interests and preferences, (2) provision of informational support, (3) support through equitable technology design, (4) incentive through competition and play, and (5) opportunities to develop community. CONCLUSIONS Social technology has potential to provide tailored, equitable opportunities for social engagement and physical activity participation for young people with physical disabilities through needs- and preference-specific design.
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(2018): Technology with embodied physical actions: Understanding interactions and effectiveness gains in teams working with robots. ProQuest Information & Learning.
Abstract: Teams in different areas are increasingly adopting robots to perform various mission operations. The inclusion of robots in teams has drawn consistent attention from scholars in relevant fields such as human-computer interaction (HCI) and human-robot interaction (HRI). Yet, the current literature has not fully addressed issues regarding teamwork by mainly focusing on the collaboration between a single robot and an individual. The limited scope of human-robot collaboration in the existing research hinders uncovering the mechanism of performance gains in teams that involve multiple robots and people. This dissertation research is an effort to address the issue by achieving two goals. First, this dissertation examines the impacts of interaction between human teammates alone and interaction between humans and robots on outcomes in teams working with robots. Second, I provide insight into the development of teams working with robots by examining ways to promote a team member’s intention to work with robots. In this dissertation, I conducted three studies in an endeavor to accomplish the aforementioned goals. The first study, in Chapter 2, turns to theory trust in teams to explain outcome gains in teams working with robots. This study reports result from a lab experiment, in which two people fulfilled a collaborative task using two robots. The results show that trust in robots and trust in teammates can be enhanced by a robot-building activity and team identification, respectively. The enhanced trust revealed unique impacts on different team outcomes: trust in robots increased only team performance while trust in teammates increased only satisfaction. Theoretical and practical contributions of the findings are discussed in the chapter. The second study, in Chapter 3, uncovers how team member’s efficacy beliefs interplay with team diversity to promote performance in teams working with robots. Results from a lab experiment reveal that individual operator’s performance is enhanced by team potency perception only when the team is ethnically diverse. This study contributes to theory by identifying team diversity as a limiting condition of performance gains for robot operators in teams. The third study, in Chapter 4, focuses on factors leading to the development of teams working with robots. I conducted an online experiment to examine how surface-level and deep-level similarity contribute to trust in a robotic partner and the impact of the trust on a team member’s intention to work with the robot in varying degrees of danger. This study generally shows that the possibility of danger regulates not only the positive link between the surface-level similarity and trust in robot and but also the link between intention to work with the robot and intention to replace a human teammate with the robot. Chapter 5, as a concluding chapter of this dissertation, discusses the theoretical and practical implications drawn from the three studies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
2016
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(2016): Anticipating Human Activities Using Object Affordances for Reactive Robotic Response. In: IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence 38 (1), S. 14-29. DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2015.2430335
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26656575 Abstract: An important aspect of human perception is anticipation, which we use extensively in our day-to-day activities when interacting with other humans as well as with our surroundings. Anticipating which activities will a human do next (and how) can enable an assistive robot to plan ahead for reactive responses. Furthermore, anticipation can even improve the detection accuracy of past activities. The challenge, however, is two-fold: We need to capture the rich context for modeling the activities and object affordances, and we need to anticipate the distribution over a large space of future human activities. In this work, we represent each possible future using an anticipatory temporal conditional random field (ATCRF) that models the rich spatial-temporal relations through object affordances. We then consider each ATCRF as a particle and represent the distribution over the potential futures using a set of particles. In extensive evaluation on CAD-120 human activity RGB-D dataset, we first show that anticipation improves the state-of-the-art detection results. We then show that for new subjects (not seen in the training set), we obtain an activity anticipation accuracy (defined as whether one of top three predictions actually happened) of 84.1, 74.4 and 62.2 percent for an anticipation time of 1, 3 and 10 seconds respectively. Finally, we also show a robot using our algorithm for performing a few reactive responses.
Keywords: Affordance, affordances, Affordanz, Algorithms, Aniticipation, Human Activities, Humans, Imaging, Intentionserkennung (Roboter erkennt Menschenintention), J. J. Gibson's theory of affordance, machine learning, MODELS, Movement, PERCEPTION, Psychological, Robotics, Soziosensitive Systeme, Soziosensitivität, Statistical, Three-Dimensional, Video Recording 2015
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(2015): Determining the effects of technological tool use habits on social lives. In: Computers in Human Behavior 48, S. 457-462. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.012
Abstract: Differences have arisen between newly developed technology and the consequently changing generation’s integration of this technology into their social lives. In this study, research has been undertaken on students who use many different kinds of technological devices all together and their effects on their social lives. Also, students’ habits of technological device use, social media, educational life and communication types are discussed in this study. The general scanning model was used in the study in order to determine the effects of students’ technological device use on their social lives. These students are studying in educational departments at universities. The method determined was applied to the sampling group of the research. The questionnaire was determined in accordance with the method and was applied to all the educational faculties of universities during the scanning process. A total of 2334 students participated to the research. When the research findings were analysed in terms of friend choice, the students preferred communicating with people who use technology of the same quality as themselves. Also, the students claimed that they went through some problems with their families and friends as a result of intense technology use. It is obvious that students who spend more time on technological devices are more behind in their lessons and also have some inconveniences in their social lives. For instance; even when they go to the cinema they surf the Internet on their smart phones and while choosing a place to go they prefer places with a Wi–Fi connection. It has been observed that students can express themselves more easily in the Internet environment and they prefer places that are popular on the Internet. zitiert von 18
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(2015): That Sounds Sweet. Using Cross-Modal Correspondences to Communicate Gustatory Attributes. In: Psychology & Marketing 32 (1), S. 107-120. DOI: 10.1002/mar.20766
Abstract: Building on existing research into sound symbolism and cross-modal correspondences, this article proposes that cross-modal correspondences-systematic mappings between different sensory modalities-can be used to communicate nonmusical, low-level sensory properties such as basic tastes through music. A series of three experiments demonstrates that cross-modal correspondences enable people to systematically encode basic taste properties into parameters in musical space (Experiment 1), and that they are able to correctly decode basic taste information embedded in complex musical compositions (Experiments 2 and 3). The results also suggest some culture-specificity to these mappings, given that decoding performance, while still above chance levels, was lower in Indian participants than in those from the United States (Experiment 3). Implications and potential applications of these findings are discussed.
Keywords: ASSOCIATIONS, AUDITORY PITCH, BRAND NAMES, culture specificity, Geschmack, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, MAPPINGS, MENTAL-IMAGERY, MUSICAL NOTES, Musik, Musik und Geschmack, PERCEPTION, PHONETIC SYMBOLISM, Status / biologische Marker, Synästhesie, SYNESTHETIC CORRESPONDENCES, TASTE -
(2015): Why Seemingly Trivial Events Sometimes Evoke Strong Emotional Reactions. The Role of Social Exchange Rule Violations. In: The Journal of Social Psychology 155 (6), S. 559-575. DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2015.1084985
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26331429 Abstract: People sometimes display strong emotional reactions to events that appear disproportionate to the tangible magnitude of the event. Although previous work has addressed the role that perceived disrespect and unfairness have on such reactions, this study examined the role of perceived social exchange rule violations more broadly. Participants (N = 179) rated the effects of another person's behavior on important personal outcomes, the degree to which the other person had violated fundamental rules of social exchange, and their reactions to the event. Results showed that perceptions of social exchange rule violations accounted for more variance in participants' reactions than the tangible consequences of the event. The findings support the hypothesis that responses that appear disproportionate to the seriousness of the eliciting event are often fueled by perceived rule violations that may not be obvious to others. zitiert von 5
2014
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(2014): Perspective-taking in dialogue as self-organization under social constraints. In: New Ideas in Psychology 32, S. 131-146. DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2013.03.004
Abstract: We present a dynamical systems account of how simple social information influences perspective-taking. Our account is motivated by the notion that perspective-taking may obey common dynamic principles with perceptuomotor coupling. We turn to the prominent HKB dynamical model of motor coordination, drawing from basic principles of self-organization to describe how conversational perspective-taking unfolds in a low-dimensional attractor landscape. We begin by simulating experimental data taken from a simple instruction-following task, in which participants have different expectations about their interaction partner. By treating belief states as different values of a control parameter, we show that data generated by a basic dynamical process fits overall egocentric and other-centric response distributions, the time required for participants to enact a response on a trial-by-trial basis, and the action dynamics exhibited in individual trials. We end by discussing the theoretical significance of dynamics in dialog, arguing that high-level coordination such as perspective-taking may obey similar dynamics as perceptuomotor coordination, pointing to common principles of adaptivity and flexibility during dialog
Keywords: adaptivity, ADDRESSEES, Communication, Conversation, dynamic systems theory, Dynamical systems, EYE-MOVEMENTS, HKB dynamical model of motor coordination, INTERPERSONAL COORDINATION, JOINT ACTION, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Language, LANGUAGE USE, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, PERCEPTION, PERSPECTIVE-TAKING, social information, Spatial cognition, SPEAKERS, TRANSITIONS, Volltreffer 2012
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(2012): Infants prefer the faces of strangers or mothers to morphed faces. An uncanny valley between social novelty and familiarity. In: Biology letters 8 (5), S. 725-728. DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0346
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22696289 Abstract: The 'uncanny valley' response is a phenomenon involving the elicitation of a negative feeling and subsequent avoidant behaviour in human adults and infants as a result of viewing very realistic human-like robots or computer avatars. It is hypothesized that this uncanny feeling occurs because the realistic synthetic characters elicit the concept of 'human' but fail to satisfy it. Such violations of our normal expectations regarding social signals generate a feeling of unease. This conflict-induced uncanny valley between mutually exclusive categories (human and synthetic agent) raises a new question: could an uncanny feeling be elicited by other mutually exclusive categories, such as familiarity and novelty? Given that infants prefer both familiarity and novelty in social objects, we address this question as well as the associated developmental profile. Using the morphing technique and a preferential-looking paradigm, we demonstrated uncanny valley responses of infants to faces of mothers (i.e. familiarity) and strangers (i.e. novelty). Furthermore, this effect strengthened with the infant's age. We excluded the possibility that infants detect and avoid traces of morphing. This conclusion follows from our finding that the infants equally preferred strangers' faces and the morphed faces of two strangers. These results indicate that an uncanny valley between familiarity and novelty may accentuate the categorical perception of familiar and novel objects.
Keywords: Adult, Bekanntheitsgrad, Biologie, Emotions, Entwicklungspsychologie, Erwartungen, erwartungen und Erwartungserwartungen, Eye Movements, Face, familiarity, Female, Humans, Infant, Learning, Male, Mothers, Pattern Recognition, Visual, PERCEPTION, Psychologie, p-zombies, Recognition (Psychology)/physiology, Uncanny Valley Effekt, Visual Perception/physiology 2009
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(2009): Interaktion im öffentlichen Raum. Frankfurt am Main: Campus-Verl.
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(2009): Culture and social cognition in human interaction
Abstract: Discusses the relationship between culture and social cognition and examines fundamental cognitive processes involved in social interaction. Topics include universalistic and relativistic positions, culture-specific construals of the individual and the social situation, culture-specific aspects of personal agency, social situation, and personality patterns, and empirical evidence for cultural variation and social cognition underlying self-regulation, self-evaluation, social perception, and social interaction. The influences of independent and interdependent self-knowledge on information processing through semantic and procedural application mechanisms are illustrated. Attributes of social interaction including perception, behavior, and communication are discussed. It is concluded that a person's mental construals regarding the person, the self, and the social situation influence social interaction. Culture determines the frequency with which information about these variables is accessible, and cross-cultural research provides valuable information in the study of the social-cognition paradigm. zitiert von 16
2007
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(2007): Social Systems. In: Philosophical Psychology 20 (5), S. 557-578. DOI: 10.1080/09515080701545981
Abstract: It used to be thought that folk psychology is the only game in town. Focusing merely on what people do will not allow you to predict what they are likely to do next. For that, you must consider their beliefs, desires, intentions, etc. Recent evidence from developmental psychology and fMRI studies indicates that this conclusion was premature. We parse motion in an environment as behavior of a particular type, and behavior thus construed can feature in systematizations that we know. Building on the view that folk psychological knowledge is knowledge of theoretical models, I argue that social knowledge is best understood as lying on a continuum between behavioral and full-blown psychological models. Between the two extremes, we have what I call social models. Social models represent social structures in terms of their overall purpose and circumscribe individuals' roles within them. These models help us predict what others will do or plan what we should do without providing information about what agents think or want. Thinking about social knowledge this way gives us a more nuanced picture of what capacities are engaged in social planning and interaction, and gives us a better tool with which to think about the social knowledge of animals and young children.
Keywords: Agenten-Überzeugung, BELIEFS, Beliefs in beliefs, Disziplin, Entwicklungspsychologie, Erwartungen, Erwartungserwartung, folk psychology, INFANTS, Intellektualtechnik, INTENTIONS, Interaktion, KNOWLEDGE, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), MIND, Modelle/Theorien, ORIGINS, OTHERS, PERCEPTION, Philosophical Psychology, Philosophie, philosophy of mind, Psychologie, REPRESENTATION, social knowledge, RHESUS-MONKEYS, social systems, ethics, soziale Kognition, Sozialverhalten, Sozialverstehen, Technik, theoretical models, theory of mind, Überzeugung 2006
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(2006): Decoding speech prosody in five languages. In: Semiotica (158). DOI: 10.1515/SEM.2006.017
Abstract: Twenty English-speaking listeners judged the emotive intent of utterances spoken by male and female speakers of English, German, Chinese, Japanese, and Tagalog. The verbal content of utterances was neutral but prosodic elements conveyed each of four emotions: joy, anger, sadness, and fear. Identification accuracy was above chance performance levels for all emotions in all languages. Across languages, sadness and anger were more accurately recognized than joy and fear. Listeners showed an in-group advantage for decoding emotional prosody, with highest recognition rates for English utterances and lowest recognition rates for Japanese and Chinese utterances. Acoustic properties of stimuli were correlated with the intended emotion expressed. Our results support the view that emotional prosody is decoded by a combination of universal and culture-specific cues.
1979
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(1979): Prototypes in Person Perception. In: Advances in experimental social psychology 12, S. 3-52. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60258-0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60258-0 Abstract: The chapter provides a brief glimpse on the various theoretical and empirical approaches taken to study person categories and categorization. The chapter provides a comprehensive and representative survey of the literature on person perception and social cognition emerging from other laboratories. Interest in the issues of category accessibility has been renewed recently as cognitive-social psychologists attempt to understand the person categorization process. The chapter discusses the nature of categories at different level of abstractions. The prototype approach, prototypicality rules (full view and the restricted view), and from prototype to social behavior is also discussed. Knowledge about person prototypes not only makes information processing easier, it also helps the perceiver to plan behavior in social interactions . It is easier to process information about characters that fit well with and are, therefore, prototypical of shared beliefs about various personality types. Character prototypicality was manipulated in a free-recall and personality impression paradigm through variations in the consistency of a character's identification with preexisting beliefs about two personality-type categories-extraversion and introversion. The chapter discusses the purpose, the goals and functions of person categorization, the nature of categories at different levels of abstraction, and determining prototypicality in detail.
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