Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): ROBIN, a Telepresence Robot to Support Older Users Monitoring and Social Inclusion: Development and Evaluation. In: Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association 24 (2), S. 145-154. DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2016.0258
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2016.0258 Abstract: INTRODUCTION This article describes an enhanced telepresence robot named ROBIN, part of a telecare system derived from the GIRAFFPLUS project for supporting and monitoring older adults at home. ROBIN is integrated in a sensor-rich environment that aims to continuously monitor physical and psychological wellbeing of older persons living alone. The caregivers (formal/informal) can communicate through it with their assisted persons. Long-term trials in real houses highlighted several user requirements that inspired improvements on the robotic platform. The enhanced telepresence robot was assessed by users to test its suitability to support social interaction and provide motivational feedback on health-related aspects. METHODS Twenty-five users (n = 25) assessed the new multimodal interaction capabilities and new communication services. A psychophysiological approach was adopted to investigate aspects like engagement, usability, and affective impact, as well as the possible role of individual differences on the quality of human-robot interaction. RESULTS ROBIN was overall judged usable, the interaction with/through it resulted pleasant and the required workload was limited, thus supporting the idea of using it as a central component for remote assistance and social participation. Open-minded users tended to have a more positive interaction with it. CONCLUSIONS This work describes an enabling technology for remote assistance and social communication. It highlights the importance of being compliant with users' needs to develop solutions easy to use and able to foster their social connections. The role of personality appeared to be relevant for the interaction, underscoring a clear role of the service personalization.
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(2018): "It's all about incentive": Social technology as a potential facilitator for self-determined physical activity participation for young people with physical disabilities. In: Developmental neurorehabilitation 21 (8), S. 521-530. DOI: 10.1080/17518423.2017.1370501
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2017.1370501 Abstract: PURPOSE To investigate the perceived role of social technologies in promoting physical activity participation for young people with physical disabilities and to identify design considerations that should be addressed when creating social technologies to promote physical activity. METHOD Interactive design workshops for young people with physical disabilities aged 12-18 (n = 8) were held. Data were analyzed using interpretive thematic analysis. RESULTS Young people perceived significant benefit for social technologies to promote physical activity as they have the potential to overcome many barriers to physical activity participation. Design features recommended by the participants included (1) options for diverse interests and preferences, (2) provision of informational support, (3) support through equitable technology design, (4) incentive through competition and play, and (5) opportunities to develop community. CONCLUSIONS Social technology has potential to provide tailored, equitable opportunities for social engagement and physical activity participation for young people with physical disabilities through needs- and preference-specific design.
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(2018): Differences in the Theory of Mind profiles of patients with anorexia nervosa and individuals on the autism spectrum: A meta-analytic review. In: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 90, S. 146-163. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.009 Abstract: Background This meta-analytic review examines the theory of mind profiles in both patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and autistic individuals. Methodology The studies examining theory of mind were divided into the following categories: emotional theory of mind, understanding simple social situations, understanding complex social interactions, and implicit social attribution. All included studies investigated differences between healthy control (HCs) individuals and people with AN or autistic people. Differences in theory of mind profile between people with AN and autistic people were explored by conducting moderator analyses. Results People with AN and autistic people showed a similar theory of mind profile, but autistic individuals showed greater difficulties, particularly in emotional theory of mind. Conclusions Although both people with AN and autistic people have significant difficulties in all aspects of theory of mind relative to the HCs, some differences in the underlying profile may be present. However, due to relative paucity of theory of mind research among people with AN, further research is still needed before firm conclusion can be drawn.
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(2018) : From modern sexism to gender microaggressions. Understanding contemporary forms of sexism and their influence on diverse women In: Travis, Cheryl B.; White, Jacquelyn W.; Rutherford, Alexandra; Williams, Wendi S.; Cook, Sarah L.; Wyche, Karen Fraser (Hg.): APA handbook of the psychology of women: History, theory, and battlegrounds (Vol. 1): Washington: American Psychological Association, S. 381-397
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0000059-019 Abstract: Sexism can operate on both an overt, conscious level and a subtle, unconscious level (Sue, 2010). Swim and Hyers (2009) defined sexism as 'individuals’ attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, and organizational, institutional, and cultural practices that either reflect negative evaluations of individuals based on their gender or support unequal status of women and men' (p. 407). Some examples of overt manifestations of sexism include sexual harassment, domestic violence, and discriminatory hiring practices. Similar to other overt forms of discrimination, overt sexism is often less accepted in contemporary society. Thus, many well-intentioned men may hold sexist views about women that are outside their conscious awareness. These subtle forms of sexism can often have a negative effect on women (Sue, 2010). For example, research has indicated that women’s experiences with subtle, everyday forms of sexist discrimination are related to negative mental health outcomes, such as p sycholog ical distress, depression, and anxiety (Moradi & Subich, 2002, 2003). To contextualize the literature on sexism, I introduce a psychosocial model of sexism, which illustrates the ways in which patriarchy is the foundation for various expressions of sexism that have a negative impact on women. Then, I highlight five primary areas of theory and research on contemporary sexism: (a) modern sexism, (b) ambivalent sexism, (c) perceived sexist discrimination, (d) everyday sexism, and (e) gender microaggressions. Given the growing body of research on the deleterious impact of sexism on a range of physical and mental health outcomes for women, this selected literature review focuses on research that highlights the impact of subtle sexism on women’s mental and physical health. This chapter also highlights intersectionality theory and research on contemporary forms of sexism that have focused on intersections of race, sexual orientation, and social class. This chapter ends with direc tions fo r future research on subtle forms of sexism and gender microaggressions, with a particular focus on moving the field of feminist psychology forward in centering an intersectional analysis in the psychological study of women to better understand the experiences of diverse women on the basis of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and social class. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
2017
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(2017): Emotional-social intelligence. Development during online and on-campus holistic healthcare programs. ProQuest Information & Learning, US.
Abstract: As with traditional healthcare providers, emotional-social intelligence (ESI) plays a role in the holistic practitioner-client relationship. It is important to determine if students in holistic healthcare programs increase their ESI, and subsequently better serve their clients. The purpose of this quantitative, quasi-experimental study was to determine if online education can develop students' ESI at levels similar to that of traditional programs. This study is based on the theory of ESI and transformative learning theory. The sample consisted of 95 students in an online program and 61 in a traditional program. Multiple linear regression, ANCOVA, and Pearson Correlation's were used to explore the relationships between the independent variables professional standing, program delivery method, program progress, and number of classes with elements consistent with transformative learning theory, and the dependent variable emotional-social intelligence, as measured by the EQ-i 2.0 survey. The results of the study revealed no significant differences in the development of ESI between online and traditional methodologies, except within the self-expression category, for which online was higher. The number of transformative classes taken had no effect on the dependent variable. The positive social change implications of this study include a better understanding of the development of ESI for holistic healthcare, which could lead to a greater potential for success, as well as being better able to contribute to the stability of their communities through meeting the needs of those seeking their services. In addition, determining the relationship between transformative theories of learning and ESI development may assist in creating courses better suited to increasing students' ESI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Nach dem Schlaganfall: Folgen für die soziale Teilhabe aus der Perspektive von Partnerinnen und Partnern. In: Praxis Klinische Verhaltensmedizin und Rehabilitation 30 (1), S. 45-53Keywords: Gesundheit, Soziale Teilhabe
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(2017) : ICF-orientierte Diagnostik sozialer Teilhabe als konzeptionelle Begründung sozialtherapeutischer Interventionen In: Lammel, Ute Antonia; Pauls, Helmut (Hg.): Sozialtherapie: Sozialtherapeutische Interventionen als dritte Säule der Gesundheitsversorgung: Dortmund: verlag modernes lernen, S. 75-90
Abstract: Mit Bezugnahme auf die "International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health" (ICF) wird gezeigt, wie es gelingen kann, sozialtherapeutische interventionen so auszurichten, dass subjektorientiert unter Verwendung von ICF-Items Verbesserungen bezüglich sozialer Sicherung, sozialer Unterstützung und persönlicher Entwicklung von Patientinnen und Patienten dargestellt und überprüft werden können. Diese Öffnung ermöglicht es, Schnittstellen für Kooperationen mit anderen Professionen zu definieren und gleichzeitig eigene Beiträge abzusichern, die bisher über die Vergütungskriterien im Gesundheitswesen und Rehabilitationsbereich kaum abrechenbar sind. Die sozialtherapeutischen Optionen orientiert an der Klinischen Sozialarbeit werden als konkrete Möglichkeit betrachtet, gleichberechtigt und nicht nur supportiv Beratungs- und Behandlungsbeiträge in einem Person-in-Environment-Paradigma zu entwickeln und die bisherigen Behandlungsgrenzen zu überwinden. Im Einzelnen werden folgende Aspekte behandelt: (1) soziale Teilhabe als Zielausrichtung sozialer Arbeit, (2) biopsychosoziale Implikationen, (3) klassifikatorische Diagnostik, (4) die ICF als Interventionsgrundlage, (5) von der psychosozialen Diagnose zur sozialtherapeutischen Intervention, (6) Fallbeispiel (Anwendung ICF Core Set Schlaganfall).
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(2017): Social participation and self-rated psychological health. A longitudinal study on BHPS. In: SSM - Population Health 3, S. 266-274. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.02.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.02.003 Abstract: Although social capital has been hypothesized to have positive influence on psychological health, a relationship between social capital dimensions and psychological wellbeing has rarely been found. This longitudinal study investigates the relationship between social participation in associations and self-rated psychological health. The paper uses five waves of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) from 1991 to 1995 (unbalanced panel N=45,761). Ordered logit fixed effect methods were used to study the longitudinal link between structural social capital (being a member, active, and both a member and active in associations) and self-rated psychological health assessed by single items of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) controlling for age, marital status, household size, number of children, education, income, economic status, number of visits to the GP and health problems. The paper shows that being only a member and only active in associations has no statistical relationship with almost all the items of the GHQ-12. Instead, being both a member and active in associations is linked to all “positive” items of self-rated psychological health and to two main “negative” items of psychological wellbeing. These findings highlight the protective role of being both a member and active in associations against poor psychological health outcomes.
Keywords: Gesundheit, Soziale Teilhabe -
Lammel, Ute Antonia; Pauls, Helmut (Hg.) (2017): Sozialtherapie. Sozialtherapeutische Interventionen als dritte Säule der Gesundheitsversorgung. Dortmund: verlag modernes lernen
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(2017): No Rest for the Stigmatized. A Model of Organizational Health and Workplace Sexism (OHWS). In: Sex Roles 77 (9-10), S. 697-708. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-017-0755-x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0755-x Abstract: Employee sick attendance at work—presenteeism—poses a significant threat to both employee health and organizational productivity. However, despite the wealth of literature examining organizational predictors of presenteeism, little research has investigated the impact of stigmatized status on employee work attendance when sick. We argue that gender discrimination in the workplace promotes negative job perceptions and poorer health, ultimately contributing to increased rates of presenteeism among female employees. In two studies assessing U.S. women’s perceptions of workplace sexism, job security, job autonomy, job stress, reported health, and workplace sick-related attendance, we develop the framework for the Organizational Health and Workplace Sexism (OHWS) model. Study 1 utilized a large nationally representative dataset to conduct a secondary data analysis that preliminarily investigated the unique impact of perceived workplace discrimination. Results found that women wh o experienced workplace sexism reported more negative job perceptions and poorer health outcomes, yet they did not stay home from work more often than non-stigmatized women did—suggesting sick work attendance. Study 2 surveyed employed women through a paid online survey service in a more detailed assessment of the variables. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that workplace sexism negatively related to reported health, job security, and job autonomy, which were positively associated with perceived job stress. Job factors also were negatively related to health, which directly correlated with rates of presenteeism. Therefore, the OHWS provides a novel addition to the presenteeism literature by bridging the health, stigma, and organizational literatures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): The use and impact of Twitter at medical conferences. Best practices and Twitter etiquette. In: Seminars in Hematology 54 (4), S. 184-188. DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2017.08.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminhematol.2017.08.003 Abstract: The use of social media, and in particular, Twitter, for professional use among healthcare providers is rapidly increasing across the world. One medical subspecialty that is leading the integration of this new platform for communication into daily practice and for information dissemination to the general public is the field of hematology/oncology. A growing amount of research in this area demonstrates that there is increasing interest among physicians to learn not only how to use social media for consumption of educational material, but also how to generate and contribute original content in one’s interest/expert areas. One aspect in which this phenomenon has been highlighted is at the time of maximum new information presentation: at a major medical conference. Hematologists/oncologists are engaging regularly in one of the most common forms of social media, Twitter, during major medical conferences, for purposes of debate, discussion, and real-time evaluation of the data being presented. As interest has grown in this area, this article aims to review the new norms, practices, and impact of using Twitter at the time of medical conferences, and also explores some of the barriers and pitfalls that users are encountering in this emerging field.
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(2017): The predictive effect of empathy and social norms on adolescents' implicit and explicit stigma responses. In: Psychiatry research 257, S. 118-125. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.033
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28753461 Abstract: Research indicates that adolescents who experience mental health difficulties are frequently stigmatised by their peers. Stigmatisation is associated with a host of negative social and psychological effects, which impacts a young person's well-being. As a result, the development of effective anti-stigma strategies is considered a major research priority. However, in order to design effective stigma reduction strategies, researchers must be informed by an understanding of the factors that influence the expression of stigma. Although evidence suggests that empathy and social norms have a considerable effect on adolescents' social attitudes and behaviours, research has yet to examine whether these factors significantly influence adolescents' responses toward their peers with mental health difficulties. Thus, this study aims to examine whether empathy (cognitive and affective) and peer norms (descriptive and injunctive) influence adolescents' implicit and explicit stigmatising responses toward peers with mental health problems. A total of 570 (221 male and 348 female; 1 non-specified) adolescents, aged between 13 and 18 years (M = 15.51, SD = 1.13), participated in this research. Adolescents read vignettes describing male/female depressed and 'typically developing' peers. Adolescents answered questions assessing their stigmatising responses toward each target, as well as their empathic responding and normative perceptions. A sub-sample of participants (n=173) also completed an IAT assessing their implicit stigmatising responses. Results showed that descriptive norms exerted a substantial effect on adolescents' explicit responses. Cognitive empathy, affective empathy and injunctive norms exerted more limited effects on explicit responses. No significant effects were observed for implicit stigma. Overall, empathy was found to have limited effects on adolescents' explicit and implicit stigmatising responses, which may suggest that other contextual variables moderate the effects of dispositional empathy on responding. In conclusion, these findings suggest that tackling the perception of negative descriptive norms may be an effective strategy for reducing explicit stigmatising responses among adolescents.
2016
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(2016): Gender Stereotypes and Discrimination. How Sexism Impacts Development. In: Advances in child development and behavior 50, S. 105-133. DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2015.11.001
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26956071 Abstract: In this chapter, we summarize and integrate some of the latest developmental science research on gender stereotypes and discrimination in childhood and adolescence. We focus on five forms of sexism: (a) stereotypes and discrimination against boys regarding their school behaviors and disciplinary actions; (b) stereotypes and discrimination against girls in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains; (c) stereotypes and discrimination in sports; (d) peer gendered harassment, including sexual harassment and teasing because of gender atypicality or nonconformity; and (e) sexualized gender stereotypes that sexually objectify girls and assume boys are sexually voracious. First, we document each type of sexism and examine children's awareness and perceptions of that bias, including their own self-reports and attributions. We examine the implications of this sexism for children and adolescents' developmental health (i.e., social, academic, and psychological well-being). We then draw connections between these various areas of research, focusing on how these different forms of sexism interact to reduce equity and justice among children and negatively impact positive developmental outcomes. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research.
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(2016): Selbstsicherheit und soziale Kompetenz. Das Trainingsprogramm TSK mit Basis- und Aufbauübungen. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta (Leben lernen, Nr. 284)
Abstract: Vorgestellt wird ein für Therapeuten und Klienten als gemeinsamer Leitfaden konzipiertes Trainingsprogramm zum Erwerb sozialer Kompetenz. In 30 Übungsszenen führt das Training durch alle wichtigen sozialen Situationen in graduierter Vorgehensweise. Die beiliegende DVD vertieft den Lernprozess mit Filmsequenzen. Der erste Teil richtet sich speziell an die Teilnehmer des Trainings. Die theoretischen Grundlagen des Sozialen Kompetenztrainings werden im zweiten - an die Therapeuten gerichteten Teil - dargelegt. - Inhalt: (1) Selbstsicherheit und soziale Kompetenz - Was ist das eigentlich? (2) Die Entstehung (Genese) und Aufrechterhaltung von sozialen Ängsten und sozialen Phobien. (3) Durchführung des TSK - Basisübungen - Aufbauübungen. (4) Informationen für Therapeuten.
Keywords: Gesundheit, Interpersonal Interaction, Interpersonale Interaktion, Intervention Program, Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling, self-assurance & social competence, Interventionsprogramm, klinische Psychologie, social anxiety, social interaction, SOCIAL PHOBIA, patients & therapists, Psychotherapie und psychotherapeutische Beratung, social situation, Social Skills, Social Skills Training, Soziale Angst, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziale Interaktion, Soziale Phobie, Soziales Kompetenztraining, Sozialtherapie, training program, Training sozialer Fertigkeiten 2015
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(2015): Einschränkungen der Teilhabe in der Bevölkerung - Normdaten für den IMET auf der Basis eines Bevölkerungssurveys in Norddeutschland. In: Die Rehabilitation 54 (6), S. 402-408. DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1559670
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26676739 Abstract: BACKGROUND Medical rehabilitation in Germany is characterized by the biopsychosocial model of the ICF. Its complexity makes it less suitable for studies in rehabilitation sciences. For an implementation of the ICF, specific assessment instruments that are able to measure activity and participation efficiently in rehabilitation are needed. Instruments measuring social participation are rarely available in German language and have been employed only in a handful of empirical works. The "Index zur Messung von Einschränkungen der Teilhabe" (IMET) was developed in 2005 and measures participation of people with different chronic diseases as described in the ICF. The IMET has been applied in many studies in rehabilitation science, but as reference values were not available so far, the results could not be classified. METHOD In a population survey, 5 004 residents in Luebeck were randomly selected by the registration office and sent a short questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions on the overall state of health, quality of life, prevalence of chronic diseases and limitations of participation (IMET). RESULTS The completed questionnaire was returned by 2 755 of 4 692 eligible people (58.7%). 731 residents declined participation. Therefore, the participation quota is 43.1%. The mean age of participants was 53 years (SD: 17.1), 53% were women.Limitations of participation varied according to sex and age. Men tended to be more limited in their participation. As expected, limitations in participation increased with age. Participants with a low level of education showed a significantly higher rate of participation restrictions than people with a higher level of education. The IMET correlated significantly with the health status and quality of life as well as with the prevalence of various chronic diseases. DISCUSSION The random sample of Luebeck inhabitants comprised people between 19 and 79 years of age. The age distribution of our sample deviated from the German population with younger people being underrepresented, and older people being overrepresented. With respect to the educational level, the random sample of the Hanseatic city showed a larger proportion of people with higher education.In this population sample, there was a sex and age-related variation in restriction in participation and this correlated highly with content-related constructs. Norm values for the IMET enable classification of limitations of participation for people undergoing rehabilitation or patients suffering from chronic diseases.
Keywords: Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Chronic Disease/epidemiology/psychology/rehabilitation, Disability Evaluation, Disabled Persons/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Female, Germany/epidemiology, Gesundheit, Health Status, Health Status Indicators, Humans, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Participation/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Prevalence, Quality of Life/psychology, Reference Values, Risk Assessment, Social Participation/psychology, Soziale Teilhabe, Surveys and Questionnaires, Überblick 2014
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(2014): Die Erfassung der „Umweltfaktoren Unterstützung und Beziehungen“ sowie der „Teilhabe an Interpersonellen Interaktionen und Beziehungen“ gemäß der ICF unter Einsatz des MuSK. In: Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin 24 (05), S. 249-255. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390439
Abstract: Beschrieben und näher untersucht wird der Multidimensionale Sozialkontaktkreis (MuSK), ein Instrument zur zeitökonomischen, reliablen und validen Erfassung der Struktur und Qualität des sozialen Netzes in Form von Selbst- wie Fremdbeurteilungen. Der MuSK analysisert damit Dimensionen, die die International Classification of Funktioning Disability and Health (ICF) als "Interpersonelle Interaktionen und Beziehungen" und im Abschnitt Umweltfaktoren als "Unterstützung und Beziehungen" aufführt. Basisgrößen im MuSK sind die "Gesamtnetzgröße", der "Integrationsindex", das "Netzspektrum" und das "differentielle Netzspektrum". Im einem nächsten Schritt kann dann die "funktionale Qualität" des sozialen Netzes bestimmt werden mit dem Grad der "Gesamtunterstützung" bzw. "Gesamtbelastung" oder die "Beziehungsambivalenz". Es findet sich, dass Haushaltsmitglieder und die weitere Familie die wichtigsten sozialen Ressourcen sind. Freunde und sonstige Kontakte sind vor allem emotional von Bedeutung, während Nachbarn oder Arbeitskollegen eher praktische und nur wenig emotionale Unterstützung geben. Sowohl aus der Struktur der sozialen Umwelt wie der sozialen Teilhabe können sich therapeutische Konsequenzen ergeben. Es empfiehlt sich eine systematische Abfrage des sozialen Netzes. Schlussfolgerung: Im Leitfaden zum Entlassungsbericht werden von der Deutschen Rentenversicherung detaillierte Angaben zum sozialen Netz verlangt. Das im MuSK grundgelegte Prinzip des Social Network Mapping kann als Anamneseleitlinie dienen.
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(2014): Examining gender differences in received, provided, and invisible social control. An application of the dual-effects model. In: Anxiety, stress, and coping 27 (6), S. 678-694. DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2014.892585
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24517507 Abstract: The dual-effects model of social control not only assumes that social control leads to better health practices but also arouses psychological distress. However, findings are inconsistent. The present study advances the current literature by examining social control from a dyadic perspective in the context of smoking. In addition, the study examines whether control, continuous smoking abstinence, and affect are differentially related for men and women. Before and three weeks after a self-set quit attempt, we examined 106 smokers (77 men, mean age: 40.67, average number of cigarettes smoked per day: 16.59 [SD=8.52, range=1-40] at baseline and 5.27 [SD=6.97, range=0-40] at follow-up) and their nonsmoking heterosexual partners, assessing received and provided control, continuous abstinence, and affect. With regard to smoker's affective reactions, partner's provided control was related to an increase in positive and to a decrease in negative affect, but only for female smokers. Moreover, the greater the discrepancy between smoker received and partner's provided control was the more positive affect increased and the more negative affect decreased, but again only for female smokers. These findings demonstrate that female smokers' well-being was raised over time if they were not aware of the control attempts of their nonsmoking partners, indicating positive effects of invisible social control. This study's results emphasize the importance of applying a dyadic perspective and taking gender differences in the dual-effects model of social control into account. zitiert von 7
Keywords: Adult, Affect, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheit, Health Behavior, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Sex Factors, Sexual Partners/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Smoking/psychology, social control, Social Control, Informal/methods, Switzerland, Verhaltensforschung, Young Adult -
(2014): Investigating social competence in students with high intelligence. ProQuest Information & Learning, US.
Abstract: Social competence is vital for healthy development (Canto-Sperber & Dupuy, 2001; Spence, Barrett & Tuner, 2003). Beginning in childhood and heavily influenced by culture, social competence develops as we combine personal and environmental resources for positive social outcomes and includes the absence of negative behaviors alongside the presence of positive behaviors (Bierman & Welsh, 2008; Davidson, 2001). Social competence is particularly demonstrated through our verbal and nonverbal communication skills with others: categorized as pragmatic language. Often introduced in kindergarten, these skills include how to greet others, take turns, make requests, interpret cues and respond appropriately to others. Intellectual functioning has a role in social competence. While individuals may have the capacity to use long complex sentences with correct grammar, if they have not mastered the rules for social language their ability to communicate may be impaired. Most studies of the psychological characteristics of students with high intelligence have not demonstrated clinical symptoms beyond those of the general population, yet the absence of significant differences in clinical symptoms are often equated to having social competence (Lehman & Erdwins, 1985; Neihart, Reis, Robinson, & Moon, 2002; Rimm, 1995; Robinson, Lanzi, Weinberg, Ramey, & Ramey, 2002; Rose-Krasner, 2006). While the connection between communication skills and social competence is known for the general population and for students with diagnosed social difficulties, little is known about either the social competence of students with high intelligence, or the role pragmatic language skills have in their observed social competence (Merrell, Merz, Johnson, & Ring, 1992). This study replicates earlier research by affirming a negative relationship between high intelligence and psychopathology and poor social competence, yet goes beyond mere quantification of these characteristics to investigate the presence of underlying social language skills and association between pragmatic language and social competence. Multisource indices of social competence, clinical pathology and pragmatic language were gathered on a sample of 79 children, aged 7–10 years with intelligence quotient scores above 130 (FSIQ ≥ 130). Parents report lower incidence of clinically defined internalizing, externalizing and total problems for these students when compared to the general population. While students’ scores on the measure of pragmatic language did not predict their scores on the measure of social competence, they did demonstrate less frequency of clinical scores on pragmatic language than the general population and teachers report them as being more adjusted to school. This study contributes significantly to the literature by providing objective evidence of psychopathology, social competence and pragmatic language for a quantifiable sample of students with high intelligence. Methodological considerations are discussed, as are implications for further research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: clinical pathology, clinical scores, clinical symptoms, cognitive ability, communication skills, competence, correct grammar, diagnosed social difficulties, Entwicklungspsychologie, environmental resources, Gesundheit, healthy development, Intellectual functioning, Intelligence, intelligence quotient scores, Kommunikation, Language Disorders, language skills, lower incidence, Methodological considerations, Social intelligence, Social Skills, Soziale Intelligenz -
(2014): Grenzen - seelische Struktur und der Einfluss veranderter Arbeits-, Lebens- und Selbstkonzepte. In: Psychodynamische Psychotherapie 13 (3), S. 152-161
Abstract: Seelische Erkrankungen werden zunehmend vor dem Hintergrund veranderter Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen diskutiert. Aufgrund der Komplexitat der Entstehungsbedingungen dieser Storungen ist die Auseinandersetzung mit den moglichen Ursachen schwierig und entsprechend unvollstandig. Ausgehend vom grundlegenden Aufbau organischer Substanz und Freuds Annahmen zur Funktion eines effektiven Reizschutzes werden Grenzen und deren Auswirkungen auf das Gleichgewicht bzw. Ungleichgewicht untersucht. Reflektiert werden Wachstums- und Machbarkeitsideologien und entsprechende Auswirkungen auf das Selbstbild und die Erwartungen des Individuums an sich selbst und an andere. Die Leugnung der Begrenztheit befordert grandiose Erwartungen und fuhrt, bei entsprechender Disposition, zu seelischer Krankheit. Die Modediagnose "Burnout" hat diesem Phanomen einen Namen gegeben.
2013
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(2013): Understanding the role of social capital for mental wellbeing among older adults. In: Ageing and Society 33 (05), S. 804-825. DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X12000256
Abstract: Previous research applying quantifiable measurements has established significant positive associations between social capital and mental health in older adults. This study aimed to obtain a deeper understanding of the causal mechanisms of social capital affecting mental wellbeing among older people. The study is based on two independent qualitative data materials collected through two focus group interviews and an open-ended question included in a Finnish population-based postal survey. The findings indicate that informal social contacts such as family members and lifelong relationships between friends impact the experienced mental wellbeing among older adults due to shared life events, social support, mutual appreciation and trust, as well as a sense of belonging through common social activities. Hence, this study challenges Putnam’s idea of social capital as a collective concept focusing on formal contacts and the benefits on a collective level. In addition, the findings highlight the obstacles specific to older adults in maintaining social networks and participation, which should be considered in order to promote mental health in later life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2012
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(2012): The Interaction Between Culture, Health and Psychological Well-Being. Data Mining from the Italian Culture and Well-Being Project. In: Journal of Happiness Studies 13 (1), S. 129-148. DOI: 10.1007/s10902-011-9254-x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9254-x Abstract: The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of health status and cultural participation upon psychological well-being, with special attention to the interaction between patterns of cultural access and other factors known to affect psychological well-being. Data for this report were collected from a sample of 1,500 Italian citizens. A multi-step random sampling method was adopted to draw a large representative sample from the Italian population. Subjects underwent a standard questionnaire for psychological well-being [the Italian short form of the Psychological General Well Being Index (PGWBI)], and a questionnaire related to the frequency of participation to 15 different kinds of cultural activities during the previous year. The results show that, among the various potential factors considered, cultural access unexpectedly rankes as the second most important determinant of psychological well-being, immediately after the absence or presence of diseases, and outpe rforming factors such as job, age, income, civil status, education, place of living and other important factors. According to a semantic map generated by a powerful data mining algorithm, it turns out that different factors (among which cultural access and health status in particular) may be viewed as concurrent elements of a complex multi-causal scheme that seems to play a primary role in determining psychological distress or well-being. In particular, distress seems to be tightly connected with: living in the Southern part of Italy, average income level, living in semi-urban and urban areas, age group 46–60, presence of more than two concomitant diseases and a low level of cultural access. Well being, on the other hand, is tightly connected with: male gender, high cultural access, and absence of diseases. Some of these associations are confirmed by Principal Component Analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert vin 68
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(2012): Amoralisch sein. Psychopathie und moralisches Unvermogen. In: Journal fur Philosophie & Psychiatrie 1. Online verfügbar unter http://www.jfpp.org/100.html
Abstract: It is argued that amoralists, i.e. people who do not care about morality, do not exist in reality. Real cases of psychopathy imply moral incapacity, which is not something that amoralists suffer from. Hence amoralists and psychopaths are not identical. I then discuss an argument by Gilbert Ryle and conclude that psychopaths lack the capacities that let other people care about morality. Empathy is the main moral capacity; in healthy people moral education results in their caring about morality, which cannot simply cease. I conclude that there are no amoralists in the philosophical sense of the term. Vorgestellt wird die These, dass die in der Moralphilosophie diskutierte Figur des Amoralisten, die Moral nicht gelten lasst, in Wirklichkeit nicht existiert. Im Vergleich zu realen Fallen der Psychopathie wird deutlich, dass diese an einem moralischen Unvermogen leiden und der Amoralist diese Symptomatik nicht aufweist. Es wird festgestellt, dass der Amoralist und der Psychopath nicht identisch sind. Unter Berufung auf Gilbert Ryle wird argumentiert, dass den Psychopathen die Fahigkeit zur Empathie fehlt und sie deshalb die Moral nicht ernstnehmen konnen. Dieser Aspekt wird kontrastiert mit der Ausbildung der Fahigkeiten bei Gesunden, bei denen die moralische Erziehung zu einem Ernstnehmen der Moral fuhrt, das nicht einfach aufgegeben werden kann. Abschliessend wird darauf hingewiesen, dass es vor diesem Hintergrund keine echten Amoralisten im moralphilosophischen Sinne geben wird.
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Schröder, Johannes (2012): Gesund altern. Individuelle und gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter (Schriften des Marsilius-Kollegs)
Abstract: Die Bedeutung von sozialer Anerkennung für Gesundheit im Alter wird erörtert. (Soziologische) Grundthese dabei ist, dass Anerkennungskrisen ein gesundheitliches Risiko darstellen. Zunächst werden Voraussetzungen für eine empirische Überprüfung dieser These benannt. Dann wird betont, dass verletzte soziale Reziprozität ihren prägnantesten Ausdruck in vertraglichen Kooperationsbeziehungen findet, und hier am deutlichsten im arbeitsvertraglich geregelten Tausch von Leistung und Belohnung in der Erwerbsarbeit. Mit dem Modell beruflicher Gratifikationskrisen wurde ein Ansatz entwickelt, stresstheoretisch relevante Anerkennungskrisen im Erwerbsleben zu definieren, zu messen und bezüglich ihrer gesundheitlichen Folgen zu untersuchen. Das Modell wird vorgestellt, und es wird ein kurzer Überblick über die wichtigsten Ergebnisse aus epidemiologischen und experimentellen Studien gegeben. Dabei interessiert die Frage, wie weit Anerkennungskrisen im Beruf die Gesundheit im mittleren und höheren Lebensalter beeinträchtigen. Wenn die eingangs genannte These jedoch eine allgemeinere Geltung beanspruchen soll, dann muss nachgewiesen werden, dass Anerkennungskrisen auch im Leistungszusammenhang außerhalb bezahlter Erwerbsarbeit negative Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit haben. Im Anschluss wird dies am Beispiel einer unbezahlten sozial produktiven Tätigkeit, dem ehrenamtlichen Engagement im mittleren und höheren Lebensalter, überprüft. Hierbei wird angenommen, dass fehlende soziale Reziprozität bei entsprechendem Engagement mit ungünstigerer - vor allem psychischer - Gesundheit einhergeht. Schließlich wird danach gefragt, ob auch außerhalb eines definierten Leistungsgeschehens, in emotional getragenen engen sozialen Beziehungen, vorrangig im Bereich der Partnerschaft, fehlende Anerkennung das Erkrankungsrisiko im mittleren und höheren Lebensalter erhöht. Abschließend werden gesellschaftspolitische Folgerungen kurz diskutiert (Verbesserungen gesundheitsförderlicher Arbeitsbedingungen und der Arbeitsqualität und flankierende regionale, nationale und internationale Maßnahmen).
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(2012) : Anerkennung und Gesundheit im Alter: Neue wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse und ihre gesellschaftspolitische Bedeutung In: Schröder, Johannes: Gesund altern: Individuelle und gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen: Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter (Schriften des Marsilius-Kollegs), S. 313-333
Abstract: Die Bedeutung von sozialer Anerkennung für Gesundheit im Alter wird erörtert. (Soziologische) Grundthese dabei ist, dass Anerkennungskrisen ein gesundheitliches Risiko darstellen. Zunächst werden Voraussetzungen für eine empirische Überprüfung dieser These benannt. Dann wird betont, dass verletzte soziale Reziprozität ihren prägnantesten Ausdruck in vertraglichen Kooperationsbeziehungen findet, und hier am deutlichsten im arbeitsvertraglich geregelten Tausch von Leistung und Belohnung in der Erwerbsarbeit. Mit dem Modell beruflicher Gratifikationskrisen wurde ein Ansatz entwickelt, stresstheoretisch relevante Anerkennungskrisen im Erwerbsleben zu definieren, zu messen und bezüglich ihrer gesundheitlichen Folgen zu untersuchen. Das Modell wird vorgestellt, und es wird ein kurzer Überblick über die wichtigsten Ergebnisse aus epidemiologischen und experimentellen Studien gegeben. Dabei interessiert die Frage, wie weit Anerkennungskrisen im Beruf die Gesundheit im mittleren und höheren Lebensalter beeinträchtigen. Wenn die eingangs genannte These jedoch eine allgemeinere Geltung beanspruchen soll, dann muss nachgewiesen werden, dass Anerkennungskrisen auch im Leistungszusammenhang außerhalb bezahlter Erwerbsarbeit negative Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit haben. Im Anschluss wird dies am Beispiel einer unbezahlten sozial produktiven Tätigkeit, dem ehrenamtlichen Engagement im mittleren und höheren Lebensalter, überprüft. Hierbei wird angenommen, dass fehlende soziale Reziprozität bei entsprechendem Engagement mit ungünstigerer - vor allem psychischer - Gesundheit einhergeht. Schließlich wird danach gefragt, ob auch außerhalb eines definierten Leistungsgeschehens, in emotional getragenen engen sozialen Beziehungen, vorrangig im Bereich der Partnerschaft, fehlende Anerkennung das Erkrankungsrisiko im mittleren und höheren Lebensalter erhöht. Abschließend werden gesellschaftspolitische Folgerungen kurz diskutiert (Verbesserungen gesundheitsförderlicher Arbeitsbedingungen und der Arbeitsqualität und flankierende regionale, nationale und internationale Maßnahmen).
2011
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(2011): Social influences on the motivation to quit smoking. Main and moderating effects of social norms. In: Addictive behaviors 36 (4)
Abstract: Investigated the main and moderating effects of social norms on intentions to quit smoking within the framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Participants included 168 smokers with a mean age of 33 years who had a significant other. Intention to quit smoking, attitude towards quitting, perceived behavior control, subjective norms, descriptive norms (smoking status of partner, smoking acquaintances), smoking behavior, age, education, and income were assessed. Results showed that women reported a slightly stronger subjective quitting norm than men did. Furthermore, a greater normative inconsistency was observed among women, as compared to men, which is said to be the result of a much stronger subjective quitting norm than descriptive quitting norm. Moreover, the descriptive quitting norm was observed to enhance TPB prediction, and a 3-way interaction revealed that both subjective and descriptive quitting norms interacted in their prediction, with gender acting as a moderator of this effect: Only in women who had experienced a strong descriptive quitting norm were subjective quitting norms positively correlated with quitting intention. It is suggested that consistent quitting norms in combination with own expectations about quitting are more important in women, although they appear less common. It is concluded that subjective and descriptive norms should be distinguished from one another and, along with gender, taken into account in intervention strategies.