Alle Publikationen
2014
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(2014) : Sexism in Schools In: Liben, Lynn S.: The role of gender in educational contexts and outcomes, 47: 1. ed.: Amsterdam [u.a.]: Elsevier, Acad. Press (Advances in Child Development and Behavior), S. 189-223
Abstract: Sexism is gender-based prejudice or discrimination. As with other forms of prejudice and discrimination, it functions to maintain status and power differences between groups in society. One manifestation of sexism involves prejudice and discrimination against girls and women who seek to achieve in prestigious fields traditionally associated with males. Another manifestation of sexism, however, occurs when pressures are placed on boys and men to conform to traditional conceptions of masculinity. Over the last two decades, an increasing number of developmental and educational psychologists have become concerned about sexism directed toward children and adolescents in school contexts. Our chapter reviews the research on this topic. After providing an overview of different processes related to sexism, we examine how it is manifested in school contexts. Sexism is seen through gender-stereotyped biases against girls and boys in academic and athletic achievement. Also, it occurs through sexual harassment in social interactions. We also address factors related to children's awareness of sexism and coping responses to sexism. Finally, we consider possible ways to reduce sexism and foster effective coping in schools.
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(2014): The pragmatics of politeness. Oxford u.a.: Oxford Univ. Press (Oxford studies in sociolinguistics). Online verfügbar unter http://lib.myilibrary.com?id=610156
Abstract: This readable book presents a new general theoretical understanding of politeness. It offers an account of a wide range of politeness phenomena in English, illustrated by hundreds of examples of actual language use taken largely from authentic British and American sources. Building on his earlier pioneering work on politeness, Geoffrey Leech takes a pragmatic approach that is based on the controversial notion that politeness is communicative altruism. Leech's 1983 book, Principles of Pragmatics, introduced the now widely-accepted distinction between pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic aspects of politeness; this book returns to the pragmalinguistic side, somewhat neglected in recent work. Drawing on neo-Gricean thinking, Leech rejects the prevalent view that it is impossible to apply the terms 'polite' or 'impolite' to linguistic phenomena. Leech covers all major speech acts that are either positively or negatively associated with politeness, such as requests, apologies, compliments, offers, criticisms, good wishes, condolences, congratulations, agreement, and disagreement. Additional chapters deal with impoliteness and the related phenomena of irony ("mock politeness") and banter ("mock impoliteness"), and with the role of politeness in the learning of English as a second language. A final chapter takes a fascinating look at more than a thousand years of history of politeness in the English language.
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(2014): Strategies for Natural Language Processing. Hove, UK: Psychology Press
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(2014): The DNA of Conventions. In: Law and Philosophy 33 (5), S. 535-571. DOI: 10.1007/s10982-013-9191-4
Abstract: This paper defends a moralized account of conventions, according to which conventional practices are necessarily normative reasons that are ultimately grounded on moral principles (such as fairness, respect or prevention of harm). It argues that a convention exists just in case the fact that others participate in some common practice as well as facts about their motivating reasons for doing so, justify conformity to that practice. The paper locates this moralized account within the relevant philosophical literature and argues that it does better than its rivals in explaining the presence of both motivating and normative reasons in our concept of convention.
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Liben, Lynn S. (2014): The role of gender in educational contexts and outcomes. 1. ed.. Amsterdam [u.a.]: Elsevier, Acad. Press (Advances in Child Development and Behavior)
Keywords: science direct, Sexism -
(2014): Die Erfassung der „Umweltfaktoren Unterstützung und Beziehungen“ sowie der „Teilhabe an Interpersonellen Interaktionen und Beziehungen“ gemäß der ICF unter Einsatz des MuSK. In: Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin 24 (05), S. 249-255. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1390439
Abstract: Beschrieben und näher untersucht wird der Multidimensionale Sozialkontaktkreis (MuSK), ein Instrument zur zeitökonomischen, reliablen und validen Erfassung der Struktur und Qualität des sozialen Netzes in Form von Selbst- wie Fremdbeurteilungen. Der MuSK analysisert damit Dimensionen, die die International Classification of Funktioning Disability and Health (ICF) als "Interpersonelle Interaktionen und Beziehungen" und im Abschnitt Umweltfaktoren als "Unterstützung und Beziehungen" aufführt. Basisgrößen im MuSK sind die "Gesamtnetzgröße", der "Integrationsindex", das "Netzspektrum" und das "differentielle Netzspektrum". Im einem nächsten Schritt kann dann die "funktionale Qualität" des sozialen Netzes bestimmt werden mit dem Grad der "Gesamtunterstützung" bzw. "Gesamtbelastung" oder die "Beziehungsambivalenz". Es findet sich, dass Haushaltsmitglieder und die weitere Familie die wichtigsten sozialen Ressourcen sind. Freunde und sonstige Kontakte sind vor allem emotional von Bedeutung, während Nachbarn oder Arbeitskollegen eher praktische und nur wenig emotionale Unterstützung geben. Sowohl aus der Struktur der sozialen Umwelt wie der sozialen Teilhabe können sich therapeutische Konsequenzen ergeben. Es empfiehlt sich eine systematische Abfrage des sozialen Netzes. Schlussfolgerung: Im Leitfaden zum Entlassungsbericht werden von der Deutschen Rentenversicherung detaillierte Angaben zum sozialen Netz verlangt. Das im MuSK grundgelegte Prinzip des Social Network Mapping kann als Anamneseleitlinie dienen.
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(2014): Die Erfassung der „Umweltfaktoren Unterstützung und Beziehungen“ sowie der „Teilhabe an Interpersonellen Interaktionen und Beziehungen“ gemäß der ICF unter Einsatz des MuSK. In: Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin 24 (05), S. 249-255
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(2014) : How to train your robot - teaching service robots to reproduce human social behavior: The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Edinburgh, Scotland: IEEE, S. 961-968
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2014.6926377 Abstract: Developing interactive behaviors for social robots presents a number of challenges. It is difficult to interpret the meaning of the details of people’s behavior, particularly non-verbal behavior like body positioning, but yet a social robot needs to be contingent to such subtle behaviors. It needs to generate utterances and non-verbal behavior with good timing and coordination. The rules for such behavior are often based on implicit knowledge and thus difficult for a designer to describe or program explicitly. We propose to teach such behaviors to a robot with a learning-by-demonstration approach, using recorded human-human interaction data to identify both the behaviors the robot should perform and the social cues it should respond to. In this study, we present a fully unsupervised approach that uses abstraction and clustering to identify behavior elements and joint interaction states, which are used in a variable-length Markov model predictor to generate socially-appropriate behavior commands for a robot. The proposed technique provides encouraging results despite high amounts of sensor noise, especially in speech recognition. We demonstrate our system with a robot in a shopping scenario.
Keywords: abstraction, Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Cameras, clustering, human social behavior reproduction, human-human interaction data, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Joints, learning by example, learning-by-demonstration approach, Markov processes, pattern clustering, Robot sensing systems, robot training, service robot, service robot teaching, shopping scenario, socially-appropriate behavior command generation, speech, speech recognition, Trajectory, unsupervised approach, unsupervised learning, variable-length Markov model predictor -
(2014) : How can a robot signal its incapability to perform a certain task to humans in an acceptable manner?: RO-MAN: the 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, 2014: 25 - 29 Aug. 2014, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK: 2014 RO-MAN: The 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Edinburgh, UK: 8/25/2014 - 8/29/2014. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE Robotics and Automation Society; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; IEEE Ro-Man: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 814-819
Abstract: In this paper, a robot that is using politeness to overcome its incapability to serve is presented. The mobile robot “Alex” is interacting with human office colleagues in their environment and delivers messages, phone calls, and companionship. The robot's battery capacity is not sufficient to survive a full working day. Thus, the robot needs to recharge during the day. By doing so it is unavailable for tasks that involve movement. The study presented in this paper supports the idea that an incapability of fullfiling an appointed task can be overcome by politeness and showing appropriate behaviour. The results, reveal that, even the simple adjustment of spoken utterances towards a more polite phrasing can change the human's perception of the robot companion. This change in the perception can be made visible by analysing the human's behaviour towards the robot.
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(2014): Feeling socially connected increases utilitarian choices in moral dilemmas. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 53, S. 1-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2014.01.011
Abstract: The current research explores the relationship between feeling socially connected and decision-making in high-conflict moral dilemmas. High-conflict moral dilemmas pit utilitarian outcomes, where one person is directly harmed to save five others, against people's social intuitions and values, e.g. “Do not harm others.” Drawing on sociality motivation research, we predict that feeling socially connected increases utilitarian choices in high-conflict moral dilemmas. We support this prediction in three studies. Our studies manipulated social connection, independent of the dilemma context, using live social interactions (Studies 1–2) and a recall task (Study 3). Across studies, those induced to feel social connection made more utilitarian choices in a high-conflict moral dilemma. zitiert von: 23
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(2014): Examining gender differences in received, provided, and invisible social control. An application of the dual-effects model. In: Anxiety, stress, and coping 27 (6), S. 678-694. DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2014.892585
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24517507 Abstract: The dual-effects model of social control not only assumes that social control leads to better health practices but also arouses psychological distress. However, findings are inconsistent. The present study advances the current literature by examining social control from a dyadic perspective in the context of smoking. In addition, the study examines whether control, continuous smoking abstinence, and affect are differentially related for men and women. Before and three weeks after a self-set quit attempt, we examined 106 smokers (77 men, mean age: 40.67, average number of cigarettes smoked per day: 16.59 [SD=8.52, range=1-40] at baseline and 5.27 [SD=6.97, range=0-40] at follow-up) and their nonsmoking heterosexual partners, assessing received and provided control, continuous abstinence, and affect. With regard to smoker's affective reactions, partner's provided control was related to an increase in positive and to a decrease in negative affect, but only for female smokers. Moreover, the greater the discrepancy between smoker received and partner's provided control was the more positive affect increased and the more negative affect decreased, but again only for female smokers. These findings demonstrate that female smokers' well-being was raised over time if they were not aware of the control attempts of their nonsmoking partners, indicating positive effects of invisible social control. This study's results emphasize the importance of applying a dyadic perspective and taking gender differences in the dual-effects model of social control into account. zitiert von 7
Keywords: Adult, Affect, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheit, Health Behavior, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Sex Factors, Sexual Partners/psychology, Smoking Cessation/psychology, Smoking/psychology, social control, Social Control, Informal/methods, Switzerland, Verhaltensforschung, Young Adult -
(2014): Recommendations for the ethical use and design of artificial intelligent care providers. In: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 62 (1), S. 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2014.06.004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2014.06.004 Abstract: Objective This paper identifies and reviews ethical issues associated with artificial intelligent care providers (AICPs) in mental health care and other helping professions. Specific recommendations are made for the development of ethical codes, guidelines, and the design of AICPs. Methods Current developments in the application of AICPs and associated technologies are reviewed and a foundational overview of applicable ethical principles in mental health care is provided. Emerging ethical issues regarding the use of AICPs are then reviewed in detail. Recommendations for ethical codes and guidelines as well as for the development of semi-autonomous and autonomous AICP systems are described. The benefits of AICPs and implications for the helping professions are discussed in order to weigh the pros and cons of their use. Results Existing ethics codes and practice guidelines do not presently consider the current or the future use of interactive artificial intelligent agents to assist and to potentially replace mental health care professionals. AICPs present new ethical issues that will have significant ramifications for the mental health care and other helping professions. Primary issues involve the therapeutic relationship, competence, liability, trust, privacy, and patient safety. Many of the same ethical and philosophical considerations are applicable to use and design of AICPs in medicine, nursing, social work, education, and ministry. Conclusion The ethical and moral aspects regarding the use of AICP systems must be well thought-out today as this will help to guide the use and development of these systems in the future. Topics presented are relevant to end users, AI developers, and researchers, as well as policy makers and regulatory boards.
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(2014): A review of norms and normative multiagent systems. In: TheScientificWorldJournal. DOI: 10.1155/2014/684587
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25110739 Abstract: Norms and normative multiagent systems have become the subjects of interest for many researchers. Such interest is caused by the need for agents to exploit the norms in enhancing their performance in a community. The term norm is used to characterize the behaviours of community members. The concept of normative multiagent systems is used to facilitate collaboration and coordination among social groups of agents. Many researches have been conducted on norms that investigate the fundamental concepts, definitions, classification, and types of norms and normative multiagent systems including normative architectures and normative processes. However, very few researches have been found to comprehensively study and analyze the literature in advancing the current state of norms and normative multiagent systems. Consequently, this paper attempts to present the current state of research on norms and normative multiagent systems and propose a norm's life cycle model based on the review of the literature. Subsequently, this paper highlights the significant areas for future work.
Keywords: Design, Disziplin, Favoriten, Humans, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Modelle/Theorien, Models, Theoretical, Multi-Agenten-Systeme, norm-based meachanism design, Normen, Normenwandel, Realtechnik, Social Norms, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technik -
(2014): The role of the degree of acquaintance with teachers on students’ interpersonal perceptions of their teacher. In: Social Psychology of Education 17 (1), S. 127-140. DOI: 10.1007/s11218-013-9234-6
Abstract: Some researchers suggest that the way a teacher is perceived during the first encounter with a classroom group resembles, and therefore is predictive of, later classroom processes as perceived by students. This study investigated the degree to which interpersonal ratings (i.e., control and affiliation), given by secondary school students to teachers unknown to them, are comparable to ratings given by students who are well acquainted with that teacher, by means of a quasi-experimental design. Ratings concerning a teacher students had not met before, based on a 5 min video vignette, were compared to ratings given by students who had been taught by the same teacher for at least a year (N 489). Students at no acquaintance perceived a teacher's interpersonal traits in a similar way as students who were familiar with that teacher. It is concluded that students' early interpersonal perceptions of a teacher largely resemble perceptions formed by students that know this teacher well.
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(2014): Expressing disagreement in English as a lingua franca. Whose pragmatic rules?. In: Intercultural Pragmatics 11 (2). DOI: 10.1515/ip-2014-0009
Abstract: Multicultural classrooms provide the intercultural pragmatist with a breeding ground to get firsthand information on intercultural communication. In such a context, if English is used as a lingua franca, these classrooms also become an ideal setting to observe the pragmatics of this relatively unknown variety. The present article aims to analyze qualitatively a sample of data produced by a multicultural group of masters students in which English is used as the lingua franca. More specifically, I intend to answer the following research question: In a multicultural class where English is the medium of instruction and students' peer to peer communication, whose pragmatic "rules" are followed? In other words, do these speakers stick to their own cultural pragmatic rules or follow nativelike ones? More specifically, I focus on the speech act of disagreement given its face-threatening nature and its disruptive potential if carried out in what interlocutors might perceive as the "wrong" way. Disagreement was also chosen given the relative paucity of studies on this speech act - as opposed, for example, others like requests or compliments. For this purpose, the 10 students -from very different cultural backgrounds -were asked to carry out a group assignment. Their negotiation and discussion process, however, was computer-mediated via the use of forums rather than face-to-face. This allowed the researcher to collect -naturally occurring, spontaneous data in a relatively easy way (without the need for transcription). It also gave the students the opportunity to interact in a more democratic way. In fact, by being an asynchronous discussion online, they did not have to fight for the conversational turn, but all of them had the chance to contribute to the discussion at their own pace. The sample so collected consists of 15,598 words. The limitation of the sample calls for a qualitative rather than a quantitative approach but is valuable insofar as it represents naturally occurring data. Disagreement expressions were classified according to two main categories: strong and mitigated disagreement (following Kreutel 2007; Pomerantz 1984 and Rees-Miller 2000). Inspection of the data reveals that students on the whole show a tendency to avoid strong disagreement whilst favoring mitigated disagreement of different sorts (e.g., use of hedges, asking for clarification, giving explanations, etc.). Moreover, students with high linguistic proficiency displayed a wider range of strategies, following a more nativelike pattern -specifically; they seemed to follow the pragmatic rules of British English. On the other hand, students whose linguistic proficiency was lower also showed a tendency to avoid strong disagreement but were much more limited with regard to their mitigating strategies, favoring the nonnative overuse of expressions of regret and hedges. Other variables, such as familiarity with their partners and their linguistic proficiency, as well as the nature of the task at hand, also played a central role in the students' choice of the common rules of a native variety.
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(2014) : Moral competence in social robots: 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering: Chicago, IL, USA: IEEE, S. 1-6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ETHICS.2014.6893446 Abstract: We propose that any robots that collaborate with, look after, or help humans-in short, social robots-must have moral competence. But what does moral competence consist of? We offer a framework for moral competence that attempts to be comprehensive in capturing capacities that make humans morally competent and that therefore represent candidates for a morally competent robot. We posit that human moral competence consists of four broad components: (1) A system of norms and the language and concepts needed to communicate about these norms; (2) moral cognition and affect; (3) moral decision making and action; and (4) moral communication. We sketch what we know and don’t know about these four elements of moral competence in humans and, for each component, ask how we could equip an artificial agent with these capacities.
Keywords: Affect, Artificial agent, Cognition, Communities, Context, Decision Making, ethical aspects, Ethics, Human Factors, human moral competence, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, intentionality, Mobile robots, Moral & Ethik, Moral action, moral affect, Moral agency, Moral cognition, moral communication, moral decision making, moral language, norms system, PSYCHOLOGY, Robots, Social Cognition, social robots -
(2014) : Moral competence in social robots: 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering: 23 - 24 May 2014, Chicago, IL, USA: 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ETHICS): Chicago, IL, USA: 5/23/2014 - 5/24/2014. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Science, Technology and Engineering; IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science and Technology; Ethics: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 1-6
Abstract: We propose that any robots that collaborate with, look after, or help humans-in short, social robots-must have moral competence. But what does moral competence consist of? We offer a framework for moral competence that attempts to be comprehensive in capturing capacities that make humans morally competent and that therefore represent candidates for a morally competent robot. We posit that human moral competence consists of four broad components: (1) A system of norms and the language and concepts needed to communicate about these norms; (2) moral cognition and affect; (3) moral decision making and action; and (4) moral communication. We sketch what we know and don't know about these four elements of moral competence in humans and, for each component, ask how we could equip an artificial agent with these capacities.
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(2014): How does the extraction of local and global auditory regularities vary with context?. In: PLoS one 9 (9). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107227
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25197987 Abstract: How does the human brain extract regularities from its environment? There is evidence that short range or 'local' regularities (within seconds) are automatically detected by the brain while long range or 'global' regularities (over tens of seconds or more) require conscious awareness. In the present experiment, we asked whether participants' attention was needed to acquire such auditory regularities, to detect their violation or both. We designed a paradigm in which participants listened to predictable sounds. Subjects could be distracted by a visual task at two moments: when they were first exposed to a regularity or when they detected violations of this regularity. MEG recordings revealed that early brain responses (100-130 ms) to violations of short range regularities were unaffected by visual distraction and driven essentially by local transitional probabilities. Based on global workspace theory and prior results, we expected that visual distraction would eliminate the long range global effect, but unexpectedly, we found the contrary, i.e. late brain responses (300-600 ms) to violations of long range regularities on audio-visual trials but not on auditory only trials. Further analyses showed that, in fact, visual distraction was incomplete and that auditory and visual stimuli interfered in both directions. Our results show that conscious, attentive subjects can learn the long range dependencies present in auditory stimuli even while performing a visual task on synchronous visual stimuli. Furthermore, they acquire a complex regularity and end up making different predictions for the very same stimulus depending on the context (i.e. absence or presence of visual stimuli). These results suggest that while short-range regularity detection is driven by local transitional probabilities between stimuli, the human brain detects and stores long-range regularities in a highly flexible, context dependent manner.
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(2014): Decorum of the Minuet, Delirium of the Waltz. A Study of Dance-Music Relations in 3/4 Time. In: NINETEENTH-CENTURY MUSIC REVIEW 11 (1), S. 149-155
Abstract: book review (Original s. Kommentare)
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(2014): Recognizing emotional body language displayed by a human-like social robot. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 6 (2), S. 261-280. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-013-0226-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0226-7 Abstract: Natural social human–robot interactions (HRIs) require that robots have the ability to perceive and identify complex human social behaviors and, in turn, be able to also display their own behaviors using similar communication modes. Recently, it has been found that body language plays an important role in conveying information about changes in human emotions during human–human interactions. Our work focuses on extending this concept to robotic affective communication during social HRI. Namely, in this paper, we explore the design of emotional body language for our human-like social robot, Brian 2.0. We develop emotional body language for the robot using a variety of body postures and movements identified in human emotion research. To date, only a handful of researchers have focused on the use of robotic body language to display emotions, with a significant emphasis being on the display of emotions through dance. Such emotional dance can be effective for small robots with large workspaces, however, it is not as appropriate for life-sized robots such as Brian 2.0 engaging in one-on-one interpersonal social interactions with a person. Experiments are presented to evaluate the feasibility of the robot’s emotional body language based on human recognition rates. Furthermore, a unique comparison study is presented to investigate the perception of human body language features displayed by the robot with respect to the same body language features displayed by a human actor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2014): Cross-cultural differences in processing of architectural ranking. Evidence from an event-related potential study. In: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE 5 (1), S. 45-53
Abstract: Visual object identification is modulated by perceptual experience. In a cross-cultural ERP study we investigated whether cultural expertise determines how buildings that vary in their ranking between high and low according to the Western architectural decorum are perceived. Two groups of German and Chinese participants performed an object classification task in which high- and low-ranking Western buildings had to be discriminated from everyday life objects. ERP results indicate that an early stage of visual object identification (i.e., object model selection) is facilitated for high-ranking buildings for the German participants, only. At a later stage of object identification, in which object knowledge is complemented by information from semantic and episodic long-term memory, no ERP evidence for cultural differences was obtained. These results suggest that the identification of architectural ranking is modulated by culturally specific expertise with Western-style architecture already at an early processing stage.
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(2014) : A robotic platform for edutainment activities in a pediatric hospital: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC): 2014 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC): Espinho, Portugal: IEEE, S. 193-198
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICARSC.2014.6849785 Abstract: Social Robotics is a rapidly expanding field of research, but long-term results in real-world environments have been limited. The MOnarCH project has the goal of studying the long-term social dynamics of networked robot systems in human environments. In this paper, we present the MOnarCH robotic platform to the research community. We discuss the constraints involved in the design and operation of our social robots, and describe in detail the platform that has been built to accomodate the project goals while satisfying those restrictions. We also present some preliminary results of the navigation methodologies that are used to control the MOnarCH robotic platforms.
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(2014): Über Bezugsphänomene: Wie ein Sachverhalt durch den Bezug auf einen Anderen seine besonderen Merkmale erhält - Gestalttheoretische Grundlagen und Anwendungen im Bereich der Kultur und der Sprache. In: Gestalt Theory 36 (4), S. 355-386
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(2014): Follow the rules and no one will get hurt. Performing boundary work to avoid negative interactions when using social network sites. In: Information, Communication & Society 18 (2), S. 187-201. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2014.946433
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.946433 Abstract: Social network sites (SNSs), like Facebook, have widespread appeal among emerging adults, yet they also present the potential for negative interactions. Interviews (N = 227) with emerging adults from Wave 3 of the National Study of Youth and Religion reveal the boundary work emerging adults undergo to limit negative SNS interactions and how they navigate the dynamic and permeable boundaries between positive and negative interactions. This work includes following three informal rules meant to limit negative interactions: do not share excessive personal information, do not spy on or stalk other users, and make online friendships with people one already knows. Several important implications result from this boundary work: crossing boundaries can have negative offline and online consequences, following the informal rules helps stabilize SNS communities by limiting the potential and severity of harmful interactions, and SNS may be popular among emerging adults but some disench antment is not uncommon and some emerging adults may not use SNS as a result. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 6
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(2014): Unwritten rules. Virtual bargaining underpins social interaction, culture, and society. In: Trends in cognitive sciences 18 (10), S. 512-519. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.05.010
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25073460 Abstract: Many social interactions require humans to coordinate their behavior across a range of scales. However, aspects of intentional coordination remain puzzling from within several approaches in cognitive science. Sketching a new perspective, we propose that the complex behavioral patterns - or 'unwritten rules' - governing such coordination emerge from an ongoing process of 'virtual bargaining'. Social participants behave on the basis of what they would agree to do if they were explicitly to bargain, provided the agreement that would arise from such discussion is commonly known. Although intuitively simple, this interpretation has implications for understanding a broad spectrum of social, economic, and cultural phenomena (including joint action, team reasoning, communication, and language) that, we argue, depend fundamentally on the virtual bargains themselves. zitiert von 27