Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): Emotionale Roboter im Pflegekontext : Empirische Analyse des bisherigen Einsatzes und der Wirkungen von Paro und Pleo. In: Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie 51 (1), S. 16-24. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-017-1346-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29218400 Abstract: BACKGROUND It has been questioned by researchers in robotics as well in the general public to what extent companion-type robots can support the elderly with the fulfillment of their psychological and social needs. Although these robots have already been used in care settings in Germany, research has referred little to this practical experience in order to analyze their impact and benefit. To start to close this gap, the current article reports on the current use of companion-type robots in care settings, on the effects reported by professional caregivers as well as on the role of psychosocial needs in the acceptance and use of companion-type robots by the elderly. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the first study, 30 professional caregivers with experience in the use of the robot seal Paro in care settings were interviewed regarding Paro's application and the observed effects on their clients. In the second study, three case examples are presented from an interaction study in which vulnerable elderly persons had the robot dinosaur Pleo at their disposal for a maximum period of 15 days. RESULTS Paro is used very flexibly in a variety of settings and with a broad range of user groups (study 1). The reported psychosocial effects were mainly positive but short term. The case examples (study 2) show that psychosocial needs can both foster or hinder robot acceptance and use. They also emphasize the important role of caregivers in the interaction between the elderly and emotional robots in the context of eldercare. CONCLUSION The beneficial and ethical use of companion-type robots in care settings demands a high commitment on the part of the caregivers. Given this prerequisite, emotional robots can be a valuable therapeutic tool.
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(2018) : From modern sexism to gender microaggressions. Understanding contemporary forms of sexism and their influence on diverse women In: Travis, Cheryl B.; White, Jacquelyn W.; Rutherford, Alexandra; Williams, Wendi S.; Cook, Sarah L.; Wyche, Karen Fraser (Hg.): APA handbook of the psychology of women: History, theory, and battlegrounds (Vol. 1): Washington: American Psychological Association, S. 381-397
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0000059-019 Abstract: Sexism can operate on both an overt, conscious level and a subtle, unconscious level (Sue, 2010). Swim and Hyers (2009) defined sexism as 'individuals’ attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors, and organizational, institutional, and cultural practices that either reflect negative evaluations of individuals based on their gender or support unequal status of women and men' (p. 407). Some examples of overt manifestations of sexism include sexual harassment, domestic violence, and discriminatory hiring practices. Similar to other overt forms of discrimination, overt sexism is often less accepted in contemporary society. Thus, many well-intentioned men may hold sexist views about women that are outside their conscious awareness. These subtle forms of sexism can often have a negative effect on women (Sue, 2010). For example, research has indicated that women’s experiences with subtle, everyday forms of sexist discrimination are related to negative mental health outcomes, such as p sycholog ical distress, depression, and anxiety (Moradi & Subich, 2002, 2003). To contextualize the literature on sexism, I introduce a psychosocial model of sexism, which illustrates the ways in which patriarchy is the foundation for various expressions of sexism that have a negative impact on women. Then, I highlight five primary areas of theory and research on contemporary sexism: (a) modern sexism, (b) ambivalent sexism, (c) perceived sexist discrimination, (d) everyday sexism, and (e) gender microaggressions. Given the growing body of research on the deleterious impact of sexism on a range of physical and mental health outcomes for women, this selected literature review focuses on research that highlights the impact of subtle sexism on women’s mental and physical health. This chapter also highlights intersectionality theory and research on contemporary forms of sexism that have focused on intersections of race, sexual orientation, and social class. This chapter ends with direc tions fo r future research on subtle forms of sexism and gender microaggressions, with a particular focus on moving the field of feminist psychology forward in centering an intersectional analysis in the psychological study of women to better understand the experiences of diverse women on the basis of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and social class. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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