Alle Publikationen
2010
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(2010): Psychological determinants of the acceptance of future ubiquitous computing applications. Hamburg: Kovač (Schriftenreihe Studien zur Wirtschaftsinformatik)
Abstract: Immer mehr intelligente Haushaltsgeräte kommen auf den Markt, das Leben wird digital. Doch welche neuen Technologien begrüßen Menschen, welche lehnen sie ab? Und wie müssen diese Technologien aus Nutzersicht gestaltet sein, um akzeptiert zu werden? Das Buch widmet sich der Akzeptanz von zukünftigen intelligenten Haushaltstechnologien. Das Ziel der Studie ist es, die Frage zu klären, ob zukünftige sog. Ubiquitous Computing Anwendungen akzeptiert werden, welche psychologischen Faktoren dabei eine Rolle spielen, und wie man ihre Akzeptanz verbessern kann. Hierzu wurde ein Technologieakzeptanzmodell - ubiTAM - entwickelt und in drei empirischen Studien überprüft. In einer Onlinestudie wurde gezeigt, dass ein intelligenter Kühlschrank, ein Heimarbeitsplatz, sowie eine Geschwindigkeitsassistenz und Wartungsautomatik im Auto moderat positiv angenommen werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Automatisierungsgrad der Anwendung ihre Akzeptanz negativ beeinflusst: Je automatischer eine Anwendung funktioniert, desto weniger wird sie akzeptiert. In einer zweiten Studie wurde das ubiTAM-Modell auf den Kontext radiofrequenzidentifikationsbasierter (RFID) Dienste auf Produkten im Einzelhandel angewendet. Diese Dienste wurden negativer bewertet als die Systeme aus der ersten Studie. In einer dritten Studie wurde die Simulation eines intelligenten Kühlschranks getestet. Durch qualitative Interviews wurden zunächst Anforderungen an einen intelligenten Kühlschrank gesammelt und als Assistenzfunktionen in die Simulation integriert. Teilnehmer bewerteten vor allem Haltbarkeitsanzeigen und Gesundheitsinformationen positiv. Eine automatische Nachkauffunktion wurde nur dann positiv bewertet, wenn sie einen mittleren Automationsgrad aufwies. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass die Akzeptanz zukünftiger intelligenter Haushaltstechnologien durch emotionale Faktoren, die Kontrolle über das System, Risiken und Vertrauen in die Systeme mitbestimmt wird. Sie geht auf Konsequenzen für die Gestaltung dieser Systeme ein und zeigt Wege auf, wie man die Akzeptanz der Konsumenten für intelligente Haushaltstechnologien gewinnen kann. Das Buch reflektiert die gesamte Bandbreite der aktuellen Literatur zum Thema und integriert Forschungsarbeiten aus Psychologie, Informatik und Wirtschaftswissenschaften. Eine profunde Wahl experimenteller Forschungsdesigns, die Kombination aus Online- und laborbasierter Forschung und die Integration adäquater statistischer Analyseverfahren machen dieses Buch zu einem wichtigen Beitrag für die technologische Zukunftsforschung.
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(2010): Face as an indexical category in interaction. In: Journal of Pragmatics 42 (8), S. 2131-2146. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.020 Abstract: Informed by the understanding of indexicality and membership categorization in ethnomethodology (Garfinkel, 1967; Sacks, 1986, 1989), the paper proposes that face is a Janus-like indexical concept which categorizes the self-in-interaction, as it indexes and is indexed by (linguistic) acts, and features of underlying conceptualizations of social practices relevant to the interaction. According to this understanding of face, affective responses, such as pride, liking, solidarity, dissociation, embarrassment or resentment, and other orientations to face derive from (perceived) categorizations emerging in the unfolding interaction. To examine the indexicality of face, membership categorization analysis (Sacks, 1986) is adopted as an analytic tool, and applied to a sequence of interactions in a ceremonial event. The paper further demonstrates that face may be made accountable by employing ‘parallel documents’ in research, defined in the study as data that stand in indexical relations to the situated interaction.
Keywords: Affective responses, Angesicht, Ausdruck von Affekten, Ethnologie, Ethnomethodology, Face, Face (general), Gesichtswahrung, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Indexicality, Indexikalität, Linguistik, Membership categorization analysis, Parallel documents, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachverhalten / sprachliches, zu Emotionen korreliertes Feedback, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen -
(2010): It takes a village to construct a robot. A socially situated perspective on the ethics of robot design. In: Interaction Studies 11 (2), S. 257-262. DOI: 10.1075/is.11.2.13sab
Abstract: Sharkey and Sharkey's (2010) article opens up a timely discussion on the appropriate and ethical use of robots in the daily lives and care of children. As the authors point out, childcare is expected to be one of the main application domains for social robotics, surpassed only by assistive robots for the elderly. Both children and the elderly are "vulnerable populations," which require particular consideration from researchers studying their behavior (Liamputtong, 2007) and designing technologies for their use.
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(2010): Robots in Society, Society in Robots. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 2 (4), S. 439-450. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-010-0066-7
Abstract: This paper analyzes scientists' discourses on the social impacts and acceptability of robotics, based on data collected through participant observation and interviews with robotics researchers in the US and Japan. It shows that a linear, technologically determinist, view of the interaction between robots and society is dominant in the field; in this narrative the social impact of robotic technologies derives mostly from their technological capabilities and the aim is for society to accept and adapt to technological innovations. The framework of mutual shaping and co-production, which explores the dynamic interaction between robotics and society, is proposed as an alternative perspective on the dynamics between society and technology and a framework for envisioning and evaluating social robots. This approach focuses on analyzing how social and cultural factors influence the way technologies are designed, used, and evaluated as well as how technologies affect our construction of social values and meanings. Finally, the paper describes a range of methodologies of contextually grounded and participatory design that fit the mutual shaping framework and support a socially robust understanding of technological development that enables the participation of multiple stakeholders and disciplines.
Keywords: Design, Favoriten, Framework for envisioning and evaluating social robots, Framework of mutual shaping and co-production between robotics and society, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Interaktionspartner, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Reflexionen über MTR, Technikakzeptanzforschung, Technische Fähigkeiten/technische Kompetenz einer Maschine -
(2010): Design for Acceptability. Improving Robots’ Coexistence in Human Society. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 2 (4), S. 451-460. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-010-0079-2
Abstract: This paper is about design and acceptability of service robots that interact with individuals and coexist in environments inhabited by humans. In its current usage, we argue, the term acceptability is "user-specific" or "user-centred", that is, it is based exclusively on the study of the relationships between a product and its users. In this paper, we argue that resistance towards service robots operating in public environments may also originate from properties which are not related to the user. For example, fear of the robot may generate resistance at the bystander level; lack of legal regulations for robots' deployment may generate resistance at the legal level; concerns about possible job reductions caused by the robot may generate resistance at the worker level. Therefore, it is necessary to go beyond the "user-centred" notion of acceptability and widen its scope so as to include any kind of potential resistance and not just those originating from the users. By adopting a broader view of the possible critical factors affecting service robots' acceptability, it will be possible to design robots that are good for users and acceptable to other people and society.
Keywords: Acceptability of robots beyond user-scope approach, Angst, Design, Direkter oder Nebenstehender, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Interaktionspartner, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, Serviceroboter, Soziale Robotik, Technik, Technikakzeptanzforschung -
(2010): Ethnomethodology and the moral accountability of interaction. Navigating the conceptual terrain of ‘face’ and face-work. In: Journal of Pragmatics 42 (8), S. 2147-2157. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.019 Abstract: Ethnomethodology investigates the mundane, practical work of society's members’ sense-making practices and how they reproduce social–moral orders. It also reminds us that ‘face’ and face-work are overarching social science concepts which assist social scientists in doing their descriptive work. This paper outlines aspects of ethnomethodology's contribution to the study of ‘face’ and the doing of face-work in terms of an interactional accomplishment. While this occupied Goffman, he did not use detailed data of the kind this paper uses—that is, audio/video recordings and subsequent detailed transcriptions of members’ everyday naturally occurring interaction. The paper will reproduce one strip of interaction drawn from a wider ethnographic study of senior organizational members doing their strategy work across time and space. The analytical interest is focused on just two aspects: one is Garfinkel's notion of the moral accountability of action, and the second draws o n Sacks’ seminal work on membership categorization devices. The latter brings to our attention the predicates or ‘rights and obligations’ pertaining to categories. Moreover, when a breach is discerned on this front, then emotional displays are skillfully warranted as the excerpt indicates. Examining members interactional accomplishment of such phenomena as proposed here will be shown to add further empirical and theoretical texture/insight to Goffman's concept of face and face-work, or, as is proposed here, the moral accountability of interaction constituting social–moral order(s) or ‘society’. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 30
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(2010): Kultur als soziales Gedachtnis. In: Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie (Sonderheft) (50), S. 427-440
Abstract: The article proposes a concept of culture that conceptualizes culture as social memory. Opposing Andreas Wimmer's position, the following aspects are accentuated: (1) Assuring connectibility of communication and reduction of uncertainty by standardized expectations are defined as primary problems of reference whose solution is a necessary precondition of rational action and for the construction of "cultural compromises" in Wimmer's sense. (2) Latent relations of meaning, not noticed by the actors but potentially effective as determinants and consequences of their actions, are taken into account. (3) It is assumed that cultural orientations, shaping intentional and voluntarily performed actions, are correlated with the position of actors within structures of social inequality, contributing to the reproduction and legitimization of these structures in a way being potentially latent to the actors. (author's abstract) Der vorliegende Beitrag begreift Kultur als soziales Gedachtnis. Dieser Vorschlag unterscheidet sich von der von Andreas Wimmers in der Arbeit "Kultur als Kompromiss" (im gleichen Heft) dargestellten Position vor allem in den folgenden Hinsichten: (1) Er versteht die Probleme der Sicherung kommunikativer Anschlussfahigkeit und der Ermoglichung von Erwartungssicherheit als ubergeordnete Bezugsprobleme, deren Losung Bedingung der Moglichkeit fur interessenrationales Handeln und fur die Bildung "kultureller Kompromisse" im Sinne Wimmers ist. (2) Er rechnet mit latenten Sinnbeziehungen, die von den Handelnden nicht registriert, aber gleichwohl als Determinanten und Konsequenzen ihres Handelns wirksam werden. (3) Er geht davon aus, dass auch die Richtung des Willens der Akteure durch kulturelle Orientierungen gepragt sein kann, die in engem, aber fur die Akteure unter Umstanden latentem Zusammenhang mit ihrer sozialen Lage stehen und die sowohl zur Reproduktion von Strukturen sozialer Ungleichheit als auch zu deren Legitimation beitragen konnen. (Autorenreferat)
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(2010): Religiosity as self-enhancement. A meta-analysis of the relation between socially desirable responding and religiosity. In: Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc 14 (1), S. 17-36. DOI: 10.1177/1088868309351002
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19940283 Abstract: In a meta-analysis, the authors test the theoretical formulation that religiosity is a means for self-enhancement. The authors operationalized self-enhancement as socially desirable responding (SDR) and focused on three facets of religiosity: intrinsic, extrinsic, and religion-as-quest. Importantly, they assessed two moderators of the relation between SDR and religiosity. Macro-level culture reflected countries that varied in degree of religiosity (from high to low: United States, Canada, United Kingdom). Micro-level culture reflected U.S. universities high (Christian) versus low (secular) on religiosity. The results were generally consistent with the theoretical formulation. Both macro-level and micro-level culture moderated the relation between SDR and religiosity: This relation was more positive in samples that placed higher value on religiosity (United States > Canada > United Kingdom; Christian universities > secular universities). The evidence suggests that religiosity is partly in the service of self-enhancement.
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Canada, Christianity, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Culture, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Metaanalyse, Motivation, Religion, Religion and Psychology, Self Concept, Social Desirability, Social Values, Soziale Erwünschtheit, Sozialpsychologie, United Kingdom, United States, Young Adult -
(2010): Das Verhältnis von selbstbestimmter Teilhabe und Pflege : Konzepte in anderen europäischen Ländern. In: Archiv für Wissenschaft und Praxis der sozialen Arbeit 41 (3), S. 72-88
Abstract: in diesem Beitrag werden Konzepte zur Ausgestaltung von Teilhabe bei Pflegebedürftigkeit, etwa aufgrund von Behinderung, chronischer Erkrankung oder im Alter häufiger Multimorbidität, auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen skizziert, die - zum Teil im wechselseitigen Wirkgefüge - das Potenzial bergen, selbstbestimmte Teilhabe und Selbstständigkeit im Kontext des sozialen Netzwerks der Betroffenen und sowohl im häuslichen als auch im stationären Umfeld einschließlich des Heims zu fördern. Dabei ist jede pflegebedürftige Person im Sinne der Pflegeversicherung eine behinderte Person im Sinne des Sozialgesetzbuches - Neuntes Buch (SGB IX). Trotz dieser Übereinstimmung des Personenkreises sind hierzulande - nicht zuletzt auch aufgrund der beiden unterschiedlichen Leistungsrechte - vielfach getrennte Entwicklungen in der Behindertenhilfe und in der Pflege beschreibbar, während sich bei den europäischen Nachbarn eher Gesamtkonzepte zur Betreuung und Versorgung, Selbstbestimmung und Teilhabe behinderter und pflegebedürftiger Menschen finden. (Autorenreferat)
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(2010): Evaluation eines Trainings zur Förderung sozialer Kompetenzen von Auszubildenden. In: Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 54 (4), S. 182-191. DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000032
Abstract: This paper discusses approaches to promote social competence in the context of vocational training and presents a training program for apprentices. The proposed training intervention addresses issues concerning communication and cooperation and encompasses several teamwork exercises as well as role-playing exercises in order to foster the apprentices' skills. Furthermore, an integrated workshop with apprenticeship supervisors aims to improve role clarity of the trainees. The training intervention was evaluated within a longitudinal design with one pretest and two posttest assessments (N = 45). The results reveal that the training contributes to improvements of knowledge and role clarity. We also found specific effects on the improvement of social competence. In particular, a higher improvement of knowledge and role clarity is associated with higher levels of social competence. Overall, the study shows that improving the conditions of social competence, i.e., knowledge and role clarity, are critical factors for the promotion of social competence.
Keywords: Ausbildung, Disziplin, Erziehung, Erziehungswissenschaften, Lehrling/Young professional, Postkasten, Psychologie, Rollen, Situationsbedingter Kontext, social competence training, social competences, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialkompetenz, Status / biologische Marker, SV, Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz, Verhalten in der Gruppe -
(2010): Embodied Cognition and Mindreading. In: Mind & Language 25 (1), S. 119-140. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0017.2009.01383.x
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(2010): Mobilizing Response. In: Research on Language & Social Interaction 43 (1), S. 3-31. DOI: 10.1080/08351810903471258
Abstract: A fundamental puzzle in the organization of social interaction concerns how one individual elicits a response from another. This article asks what it is about some sequentially initial turns that reliably mobilizes a coparticipant to respond and under what circumstances individuals are accountable for producing a response. Whereas a linguistic approach suggests that this is what oquestionso (more generally) and interrogativity (more narrowly) are for, a sociological approach to social interaction suggests that the social action a person is implementing mobilizes a recipient's response. We find that although both theories have merit, neither adequately solves the puzzle. We argue instead that different actions mobilize response to different degrees. Speakers then design their turns to perform actions, and with particular response-mobilizing features of turn-design speakers can hold recipients more accountable for responding or not. This model of response relevance allows sequential position, action, and turn design to each contribute to response relevance.
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(2010): Appreciation at Work in the Swiss Armed Forces. In: Swiss Journal of Psychology 69 (2), S. 117-124. DOI: 10.1024/1421-0185/a000013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000013 Abstract: This study explores the impact of appreciation at work among military professionals. Based on the concept of “Stress-as-Offense-to-Self” (Semmer, Jacobshagen, Meier, & Elfering, 2007), appreciation is a possible resource due to boosts to self-esteem. We measured appreciation at work with a scale differentiating several forms and sources of appreciation. Data were gathered by an online survey of 228 male career officers and career noncommissioned officers of the Swiss Armed Forces. Appreciation at work correlated positively with job satisfaction and negatively with feelings of resentment. Moreover, appreciation at work explained incremental variance over and above job control, social support, and interactional justice. These results underline its distinction from other resource variables. Legal employment conditions of the military professionals include working hours in accordance with ongoing requirements without upper limits established. Moderator analysis showed that appreciation buffered the effect of long working hours on job satisfaction. Furthermore, appreciation mediated the effect of illegitimate tasks on job satisfaction as well as on feelings of resentment. Overall, these findings imply that it is worth building an organisational culture based on appreciation at work. Implications for research and military training are discussed.
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(2010): Social cues, mentalizing and the neural processing of speech accompanied by gestures. In: Neuropsychologia 48 (2), S. 382-393. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.025
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19782696 Abstract: Body orientation and eye gaze influence how information is conveyed during face-to-face communication. However, the neural pathways underpinning the comprehension of social cues in everyday interaction are not known. In this study we investigated the influence of addressing vs. non-addressing body orientation on the neural processing of speech accompanied by gestures. While in an fMRI scanner, participants viewed short video clips of an actor speaking sentences with object- (O; e.g., shape) or person-related content (P; e.g., saying goodbye) accompanied by iconic (e.g., circle) or emblematic gestures (e.g., waving), respectively. The actor's body was oriented either toward the participant (frontal, F) or toward a third person (lateral, L) not visible. For frontal vs. lateral actor orientation (F>L), we observed activation of bilateral occipital, inferior frontal, medial frontal, right anterior temporal and left parietal brain regions. Additionally, we observed activity in the occipital and anterior temporal lobes due to an interaction effect between actor orientation and content of the communication (PF>PL)>(OF>OL). Our findings indicate that social cues influence the neural processing of speech-gesture utterances. Mentalizing (the process of inferring the mental state of another individual) could be responsible for these effects. In particular, socially relevant cues seem to activate regions of the anterior temporal lobes if abstract person-related content is communicated by speech and gesture. These new findings illustrate the complexity of interpersonal communication, as our data demonstrate that multisensory information pathways interact at both perceptual and semantic levels.
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(2010) : Video prototyping of dog-inspired non-verbal affective communication for an appearance constrained robot In: IEEE Ro-Man: IEEE RO-MAN, 2010: 19th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication ; 13-15 Sept. 2010, Viareggio, Italy: 2010 RO-MAN: The 19th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Viareggio, Italy: 9/13/2010 - 9/15/2010. IEEE Ro-Man; IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication; IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 632-637
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(2010): Neural bases of the non-conscious perception of emotional signals. In: Nature reviews. Neuroscience 11 (10), S. 697-709. DOI: 10.1038/nrn2889
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20811475 Abstract: Many emotional stimuli are processed without being consciously perceived. Recent evidence indicates that subcortical structures have a substantial role in this processing. These structures are part of a phylogenetically ancient pathway that has specific functional properties and that interacts with cortical processes. There is now increasing evidence that non-consciously perceived emotional stimuli induce distinct neurophysiological changes and influence behaviour towards the consciously perceived world. Understanding the neural bases of the non-conscious perception of emotional signals will clarify the phylogenetic continuity of emotion systems across species and the integration of cortical and subcortical activity in the human brain.
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(2010) : Smooth collision avoidance in human-robot coexisting environment: 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems: Taipei, Taiwan: IEEE, S. 3887-3892
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5649673 Abstract: In order for service robots to safely coexist with humans, collision avoidance with humans is the most important issue. On the other hand, working efficiencies are also important and cannot be ignored. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate a pedestrian’s behavior. Based on the estimation, we realize smooth collision avoidances between a robot and a human. A robot detects pedestrians by using a laser range finder and tracks them by a Kalman filter. We apply the social force model to the observed trajectory for a determination whether the pedestrian intends to avoid a collision with the robot or not. The robot selects an appropriate behavior based on the estimation results. We conducted experiments that a robot and a person pass each other. Through the experiments, the usefulness of the proposed method was demonstrated.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Collision avoidance, Force, human-robot coexisting environment, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Kalman filter, Kalman filters, laser range finder, laser ranging, Leg, Mobile robots, pedestrian behavior, Robot kinematics, service robot, smooth collision avoidance, Trajectory -
(2010): Foundational Paradigms of Social Sciences. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 41 (2), S. 211-249. DOI: 10.1177/0048393109355294
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(2010) : Eléments de syntaxe structurale In: Hoffmann, Ludger: Sprachwissenschaft: Ein Reader: 3., aktualisierte und erw. Aufl.: Berlin: De Gruyter (De-Gruyter-Studium), S. 517-542
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(2010): Identity and impoliteness in computer-mediated reader responses. In: Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 6 (1), S. 105-127. DOI: 10.1515/jplr.2010.006
Abstract: This paper investigates the connection between linguistic impoliteness and identity in computer-mediated communication through the examination of reader responses to ideas and views expressed by professional journalists in the online media. The study finds that respondents may use linguistic impoliteness strategically to communicate disagreements, to argue against an out-group's ideological views, or to discredit ideological opponents. The analysis of reader responses within a social psychological theory of identity indicates that the use of impoliteness is linked to the respondent :c identification of him/herself with a group and its ideological position and his/her willingness to act toward the achievement of a goal desired within that group.
Keywords: Art des Kommunikationsmediums, Disziplin, doppelter Treffer, Good manners, Höflichkeit, Identität, Identitätsstiftung, Ideologische Identität, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Linguistik, Mediationstheorie, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Reflexionen über MTR, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Soziale Angemessenheit, Status / biologische Marker, (Theory of) technological mediation -
(2010) : Effect of social robot’s behavior in collaborative learning: 2010 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Osaka, Japan: IEEE, S. 195-196
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2010.5453199 Abstract: This paper describes about the effect of social robot’s behavior on human performance. The robot behaves based on an artificial mind model, and it expresses emotions according to the situation. In this research, we consider about the case where human and the robot learn cooperatively. The robot emotionally reacts to the joint learner’s success and failure. The experimental result shows that social behavior of the robot influences the performance of human learners.
Keywords: Animals, Anthropomorphism, APPRAISAL, Artificial intelligence, artificial mind model, collaborative learning, Collaborative work, Computer science education, Engines, groupware, human learners, human performance, Human robot interaction, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Künstliche Intelligenz, learning (artificial intelligence), Mobile robots, Personality, robot emotion, Social robot, social robot behavior, Switches -
(2010): I-Object. In: Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 14 (3), S. 207-225. DOI: 10.5840/techne201014322
Abstract: In this article, I will investigate the ways in which Ambient Intelligence, the technological paradigm of the near future proposed by the European Union and the electronics multinational Philips, will affect the ways in which individuals construct and express their identities. The Ambient Intelligence vision predicts a world in which technologies will deliver personalized services in a proactive (rather than a responsive or interactive) fashion. I argue that this brings about a change in the way we interact with these technologies, which in turn has an effect on the way we construct and express identities in relation to such technologies. In a world of Ambient Intelligence, I will argue in this article, technological artifacts may come to function as ‘reference collectivities’, comparable to human reference groups. Due to their proactivity, their level of autonomy and self-reliance and our personalized interactions with them, these technologies will come to function as ‘others’, rather than as ‘quasi-others’.
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(2010): "Artificial humans": Psychology and neuroscience perspectives on embodiment and nonverbal communication. In: Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society 23 (8-9), S. 1077-1090. DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2010.06.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2010.06.003 Abstract: "Artificial humans", so-called "Embodied Conversational Agents" and humanoid robots, are assumed to facilitate human-technology interaction referring to the unique human capacities of interpersonal communication and social information processing. While early research and development in artificial intelligence (AI) focused on processing and production of natural language, the "new AI" has also taken into account the emotional and relational aspects of communication with an emphasis both on understanding and production of nonverbal behavior. This shift in attention in computer science and engineering is reflected in recent developments in psychology and social cognitive neuroscience. This article addresses key challenges which emerge from the goal to equip machines with socio-emotional intelligence and to enable them to interpret subtle nonverbal cues and to respond to social affordances with naturally appearing behavior from both perspectives. In particular, we propose that the creation of credible artificial humans not only defines the ultimate test for our understanding of human communication and social cognition but also provides a unique research tool to improve our knowledge about the underlying psychological processes and neural mechanisms.
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(2010): Atempause. Urlaub - Erholung - Soziales Kompetenztraining. In: Psychologie in Österreich 30 (1), S. 54-59
Abstract: Es wird informiert über das "Atempause"-Programm, das für Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen, die nicht bzw. noch nicht in der Lage sind, alleine Urlaub zu machen, entwickelt wurde. Die breitgefächerte Zielsetzung des Projekts reicht dabei von Urlaub, Erholung, Teilhabe, soziale Integration und Antistigma bis hin zum sozialen Kompetenztraining für die Teilnehmenden. Sowohl die Planung als auch die Umsetzung des Projekts erfolgt unter Einbindung von Betroffenen, die als "peer specialists" dem Projekt ihre Expertise zur Verfügung stellen.
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(2010): A conceptual and computational model of moral decision making in human and artificial agents. In: Topics in cognitive science 2 (3), S. 454-485. DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01095.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2010.01095.x Abstract: Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in general, comprehensive models of human cognition. Such models aim to explain higher‐order cognitive faculties, such as deliberation and planning. Given a computational representation, the validity of these models can be tested in computer simulations such as software agents or embodied robots. The push to implement computational models of this kind has created the field of artificial general intelligence (AGI). Moral decision making is arguably one of the most challenging tasks for computational approaches to higher‐order cognition. The need for increasingly autonomous artificial agents to factor moral considerations into their choices and actions has given rise to another new field of inquiry variously known as Machine Morality, Machine Ethics, Roboethics, or Friendly AI. In this study, we discuss how LIDA, an AGI model of human cognition, can be adapted to model both affective and rational features of moral decision making. Using the LIDA model, we will demonstrate how moral decisions can be made in many domains using the same mechanisms that enable general decision making. Comprehensive models of human cognition typically aim for compatibility with recent research in the cognitive and neural sciences. Global workspace theory, proposed by the neuropsychologist Bernard Baars (1988), is a highly regarded model of human cognition that is currently being computationally instantiated in several software implementations. LIDA (Franklin, Baars, Ramamurthy, & Ventura, 2005) is one such computational implementation. LIDA is both a set of computational tools and an underlying model of human cognition, which provides mechanisms that are capable of explaining how an agent’s selection of its next action arises from bottom‐up collection of sensory data and top‐down processes for making sense of its current situation. We will describe how the LIDA model helps integrate emotions into the human decision‐making process, and we will elucidate a process whereby an agent can work through an ethical problem to reach a solution that takes account of ethically relevant factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: artificial general intelligence, Artificial intelligence, Cognition, computational model, Computational modeling, Computer Simulation, conceptual model, Decision Making, global workspace theory, Humans, intelligent agents, machine ethics, Machine morality, MODELS, Moral & Ethik, moral decision making, Morality, Morals, Psychological