Alle Publikationen
2018
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(2018): The origins of infants’ fairness concerns and links to prosocial behavior. In: Current Opinion in Psychology 20, S. 117-121. DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.01.005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.01.005 Abstract: Concerns about fairness are central to mature moral judgments. We review research regarding the origins of a sensitivity to distributive fairness, and how it relates to early sharing. Infants’ sensitivity to fairness appears to be commensurate with that of school-age children: infants notice violations to fairness norms and evaluate individuals based on their fair or unfair behavior. However, it may differ in other ways: there is no evidence that infants punish unfair individuals. Sharing behavior plays a role in both the developmental emergence of, and subsequent individual differences in, infants’ fairness concerns. These results motivate novel questions, such whether infants can entertain other models of fairness, whether infants’ socio-moral concerns hang together, and the relationship early fairness sensitivities and later fair behavior. PMID: 29427877
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(2018): An android architecture for bio-inspired honest signalling in Human-Humanoid Interaction. In: Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 23, S. 27-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.bica.2017.12.001
DOI: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212683X17301032 Abstract: This paper outlines an augmented robotic architecture to study the conditions of successful Human-Humanoid Interaction (HHI). The architecture is designed as a testable model generator for interaction centred on the ability to emit, display and detect honest signals. First we overview the biological theory in which the concept of honest signals has been put forward in order to assess its explanatory power. We reconstruct the application of the concept of honest signalling in accounting for interaction in strategic contexts and in laying bare the foundation for an automated social metrics. We describe the modules of the architecture, which is intended to implement the concept of honest signalling in connection with a refinement provided by delivering the sense of co-presence in a shared environment. Finally, an analysis of Honest Signals, in term of body postures, exhibited by participants during the preliminary experiment with the Geminoid Hi-1 is provided.
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(2018): The Fear to Talk. In: CHUZHDOEZIKOVO OBUCHENIE-FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING 45 (2), S. 187-193
Abstract: This paper deals with one of the most controversial phenomena of modern society – political correctness, manifested in language and behaviour. It focuses on the restrictions which it imposes on people’s social and cultural life, the bans that are enforced against a particular language and the possible prosecution in case of refusal to use politically correct language. It deals with facts that show arising dominance of minority groups over the majority.
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(2018): Not as bad as it seems: When the presence of a threatening humanoid robot improves human performance. In: Science Robotics 3 (21). DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aat5843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aat5843 Abstract: Rude robots enhance human performance
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(2018): How We Understand Others. Philosophy and Social Cognition. Milton: Routledge (Routledge Focus on Philosophy Ser). Online verfügbar unter https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gbv/detail.action?docID=5394145
Abstract: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- 2 In defense of mindreading -- 2.1 Introduction to mindreading -- 2.2 The embodied and enactive cognition challenge -- 2.3 The pluralistic folk psychology challenge -- 2.4 Assessment -- 3 Expanding the scope of mindreading: social categorization, stereotypes, social bias, and situational context -- 3.1 The narrow focus of standard mindreading theories -- 3.2 Social categorization -- 3.3 Stereotypes -- 3.4 Social biases -- 3.5 Situational context -- 3.6 Assessment -- 4 The goals of mindreading -- 4.1 Why we mindread -- 4.2 The various goals of mindreading -- 4.3 Approaches to mindreading -- 4.4 Mindreading products -- 4.5 Assessment -- 5 Model theory -- 5.1 The function of theories -- 5.2 General theories of mindreading -- 5.3 Model theory -- 5.4 Assessment -- 6 Epistemic and ethical applications -- 6.1 The isolation of the mindreading literature -- 6.2 Judging others' knowledge and competence -- 6.3 Application to the epistemology of peer disagreement -- 6.4 Application to epistemic justice -- 6.5 Assessment -- 7 Concluding thoughts -- Index
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Speck, Andreas; Steinhart, Ingmar (Hg.) (2018): Abgehängt und chancenlos?. Teilhabechancen und -risiken von Menschen mit schweren psychischen Beeinträchtigungen. Psychiatrie Verlag GmbH; Landesverband Sozialpsychiatrie Mecklenburg-Vorpommern e. V. 1. Auflage. Köln: Psychiatrie Verlag (Forschung für die Praxis - Hochschulschriften)
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Spinath, Birgit; Dickhäuser, Oliver; Schöne, Claudia (Hg.) (2018): Psychologie der Motivation und Emotion. Grundlagen und Anwendung in ausgewählten Lern- und Arbeitskontexten. 1. Auflage. Göttingen: Hogrefe
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(2018) : Measurement of Elderly Daily Physical Activity by Unobtrusive Instrumented Shoes: MeMeA 2018 Rome: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements & Applications : 2018 symposium proceedings : June 11-13, 2018: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA): Rome: 6/11/2018 - 6/13/2018: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 1-5
Abstract: Sedentary behaviors in the elderly may have dramatic consequences on physical and mental health conditions, thus leading to increased needs for assistance, reduced autonomy, and higher social costs. In order to measure the degree of active behaviors performed by older adults during the day, it is important to design special measurement systems. Such systems need to be perceived as unobtrusive, easy to use and meaningful, as well as that do not require the subjects to change their daily routine, in such a way as to not hinder their compliance. Many of the wearable and not wearable systems already proposed in the literature, or available in the market as consumer devices, are not able to fully satisfy the specific requirements of older adults. In this paper, we present a novel force sensor instrumented shoe that can be used both indoor and outdoor, and that, by using simple sensing solutions, can measure the amount of time spent by the subject in a static or dynamic condition. Moreover, the shoe is able to transfer the measured data to a central unit for data processing and collection. A preliminary proof-of-concept has been conducted on young and elderly subjects, and results demonstrate the proposed system is able to correctly identify the user static/dynamic activity states. The reported solution seems to be promising and gives opportunities for improvements, as discussed in the paper.
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Stein, Roland; Müller, Thomas (Hg.) (2018): Inklusion in Schule und Gesellschaft. Inklusion im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung. 2., erweiterte und überarbeitete Auflage. Stuttgart; Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, Verlag W. Kohlhammer (Inklusion in Schule und Gesellschaft)
Abstract: Der Umgang mit Verhaltensstörungen bildet einen der Brennpunkte der Schulentwicklung in den nächsten Jahren und eine Herausforderung für die Inklusion. Verhaltensstörungen sind nicht nur verbreitet und vielfältig, sie stellen die Lehrkräfte auch vor erhebliche Probleme. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird zunächst ein exaktes Bild der gegenwärtigen schulischen Situation in diesem Förderschwerpunkt gezeichnet. Im Anschluss werden die wichtigsten Entwicklungs- und Leitlinien zusammen mit den sich heute abzeichnenden Zukunftsperspektiven in diesem Feld herausgearbeitet. Des Weiteren werden wirksame Maßnahmen im Hinblick auf spezifische Auffälligkeiten im Verhalten und Erleben und die Organisationsformen inklusiver Förderung thematisiert. Der Bogen wird dabei von der schulischen Prävention bis zur intensiven Intervention gespannt. - Inhalt: (1) Roland Stein und Thomas Müller: Inklusion im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung - zur Einleitung. (2) Marc Willmann: Zur geschichtlichen Entwicklung der schulischen Erziehungshilfe. (3) Roland Stein und Stephan Ellinger: Zwischen Separation und Inklusion: zum Forschungsstand im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung. (4) Thomas Hennemann, Heinrich Ricking und Christian Huber: Organisationsformen inklusiver Förderung im Bereich emotional-sozialer Entwicklung. (5) Birgit Herz und David Zimmermann: Beziehung statt Erziehung? Psychoanalytische Perspektiven auf pädagogische Herausforderungen in der Praxis mit emotional-sozial belasteten Heranwachsenden. (6) Clemens Hillenbrand: Evidenzbasierte Praxis im Förderschwerpunkt emotional-soziale Entwicklung. (7) Thomas Müller und Roland Stein: Erziehung im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung. (8) Thomas Müller und Roland Stein: Schulische Inklusion im Förderschwerpunkt emotionale und soziale Entwicklung - quo vadis?
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(2018): Supplemental Material for Unethical and Inept?. The Influence of Moral Information on Perceptions of Competence. In: Journal of personality and social psychology, S. 195-210. DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000097.supp
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000097.supp Abstract: While moral character heavily influences global evaluations of others (Goodwin, Piazza, & Rozin, 2014), its causal effect on perceptions of others’ competence (i.e., one’s knowledge, skills, and abilities) is less clear. We found that people readily use information about another’s morality when judging their competence, despite holding folk intuitions that these domains are independent. Across 6 studies (n = 1,567), including 2 preregistered experiments, participants judged targets who committed hypothetical transgressions (Studies 1 and 3), cheated on lab tasks (Study 2), acted selfishly in economic games (Study 4), and received low morality ratings from coworkers (Study 5 and 6) as less competent than control or moral targets. These findings were specific to morality and were not the result of incidentally manipulating impressions of warmth (Study 4), nor were they fully explained by a general halo effect (Studies 2 and 3). We hypothesized that immoral targets are seen as less competent because their immoral actions led them to be viewed as low in social intelligence. Studies 4 and 5 supported this prediction, demonstrating that social intelligence was a more reliable mediator than perceptions of self-control or general intelligence. An experimental test of this mediation argument found that presenting targets as highly socially intelligent eliminated the negative effect of immoral information on judgments of competence (Study 6). These results suggest that information about a person’s moral character readily influences perceptions of their competence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): The social values development of preschoolers. An investigation of the joint impact hypothesis. In: Developmental Psychology 54 (6), S. 1063-1071. DOI: 10.1037/dev0000497
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29504775 Abstract: We investigated the role of sociocultural (between-groups) and individual (within-group) factors on the development of preschoolers' resource-allocation preferences. We tested claims of the joint impact hypothesis of social values development that social-emotional understanding skills would predict the transition from simpler (individualistic allocations) to more complex (cooperative, competitive allocations) social values and that cultural background would determine which values emerged. American children ages 37-67 months from Spanish-speaking Latino (n = 134), English-speaking Latino (n = 50), and English-speaking Caucasian (n = 98) backgrounds twice completed a resource-allocation task and a social-emotional understanding assessment, separated by 6 months. Contrary to predictions, results revealed that for no group were complex choice allocations more common at Time 2 than at Time 1. Moreover, for the Caucasian group, social-emotional understanding did not predict time-dependent choice allocation behavior. For Latinos, however, results revealed differential social values development according to language background. For Spanish-speaking Latinos, higher social-emotional understanding scores predicted emergent cooperative choices, and for English-speaking Latinos, higher scores predicted emergent competitive choices. Findings are consistent with differential socialization wherein social-emotional understanding skills facilitate the development of culturally mainstream values for more acculturated Latinos and ethnic cultural values for less acculturated Latinos. (PsycINFO Database Record
Keywords: Entwicklungspsychologie, Werte -
(2018) : Das Selbst als interkulturelles Kompetenzzentrum. Ein zeitdiagnostischer Blick auf die wuchernde Diskursivierung einer 'Schlüsselqualifikation' In: Chakkarath, Pradeep; Weidemann, Doris (Hg.): Kulturpsychologische Gegenwartsdiagnosen: Bestandsaufnahmen zu Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft: Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, S. 149-202
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(2018): A User Study of a Humanoid Robot as a Social Mediator for Two-Person Conversations. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 42 (3). DOI: 10.1007/s12369-018-0478-3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-018-0478-3 Abstract: In this work we have enhanced the perception of a humanoid robot by integrating it with a social state estimation system. We present a user study of the humanoid Nao robot as a social mediator, comprising two sets of experiments. In the first sets of experiments, the participants rate their understanding of feedback messages delivered via the Nao robot. They also assess two modalities to deliver the feedback: audio only and audio combined with gestures. In almost all cases there is an improvement of 10% or more when audio and gesture modalities are combined to deliver feedback messages. For the second sets of experiments the sociofeedback system was integrated with the Nao robot. The participants engage in two-person scenario-based conversations while the Nao robot acts as a mediator. The sociofeedback system analyzes the conversations and provides feedback via Nao. Subsequently, the participants assess the received sociofeedback with respect to various aspects, including its content, appropriateness, and timing. Participants also evaluate their overall perception of Nao as social mediator via the Godspeed questionnaire. The results indicate that the social feedback system is able to detect the social scenario with 93.8% accuracy and that Nao can be effectively used to provide sociofeedback in discussions. The results of this paper pave the way to natural human–robot interactions for social mediators in multi-party dialog systems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2018): The Influence of Media Exposure on the Accessibility of Moral Intuitions and Associated Affect. In: Journal of Media Psychology 30 (2), S. 79-90. DOI: 10.1027/1864-1105/a000183
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000183 Abstract: The model of intuitive morality and exemplars (MIME) predicts that media content can increase the accessibility of preconscious moral intuitions, which shape subsequent moral decision making. To date, attempts to demonstrate evidence of this intuitive, preconscious process with self-report measures have met with little success. The current paper presents results from a study designed to test the MIME’s predictions, measuring the accessibility of moral intuitions with a moral foundations–affect misattribution procedure (MF-AMP) argued in the current paper to be more capable of detecting the aforementioned effect. An experiment manipulated exposure to media content that focused on care and fairness to test the proposition that media content can increase the accessibility of these moral intuitions. The findings offer preliminary evidence supporting the MIME’s proposition that media content featuring behaviors relevant to specific moral intuitions can increase (temporar ily at l east) the accessibility of those specific moral intuitions in the audiences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 6
Keywords: Intuition, Media Exposure, Medien, MODELS, Moral, Morality, Social Influences, Test Construction -
(2018) : Society and Knowledge In: Teraji, Shinji: The cognitive basis of institutions: A synthesis of behavioral and institutional economics: Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier (Perspectives in behavioral economics and the economics of behavior), S. 263-308
Abstract: This chapter deals with social order. Hayek’s thought largely rests on the concept of spontaneous order. Spontaneous orders in human affairs are patterns that arise as the unintended consequences of individual actions. The dissemination of knowledge is crucial in society. People live in a world of expectations about interactions with others’ actions. Rules are behavioral patterns that individuals expect each other to follow. Relying on rules is a device we have learned to use, because our reason is insufficient to master the detail of complex reality. If rules are recognized as recurrent patterns of behavior, individuals act according to rules of conduct. The diffusion of shared behavioral patterns is necessary to obtain social order. Shared rules facilitate decision-making in complex situations by limiting the range of circumstances to which individuals have to pay attention.
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Teraji, Shinji (2018): The cognitive basis of institutions. A synthesis of behavioral and institutional economics. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier (Perspectives in behavioral economics and the economics of behavior)
Keywords: rules, science direct -
(2018): Exploring digital remediation in support of personal reflection. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 110, S. 53-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.10.002
Abstract: Increasingly our digital traces are providing new opportunities for self-reflection. In particular, social media (SM) data can be used to support self-reflection, but to what extent is this affected by the form in which SM data is presented? Here, we present three studies where we work with individuals to transform or remediate their SM data into a physical book, a photographic triptych and a film. We describe the editorial decisions that take place as part of the remediation process and show how the transformations allow users to reflect on their digital identity in new ways. We discuss our findings in terms of the application of Goffman's (1959) self-presentation theories to the SM context, showing that a fluid rather than bounded interpretation of our social media spaces may be appropriate. We argue that remediation can contribute to the understanding of digital self and consider the design implications for new SM systems designed to support self-reflection
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(2018): Timing affect. Dimension-specific time-based expectancy for affect. In: Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 18 (5), S. 646-669. DOI: 10.1037/emo0000380
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29154586 Abstract: Affective information in our environment is often predictable by time; for example, positive answers are typically given faster than negative ones. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, that humans can implicitly adapt to time-based affect predictability. Participants were asked to categorize words, with the words' irrelevant valences being predictable by the timing of their occurrence. Adaptation to this pattern became evident by better performance for typical combinations of time and valence, relative to atypical combinations (Experiment 2). A comparable adaptation was observed for predictable activation (another affective dimension, Experiment 4), but not for predictable imageability (a nonaffective dimension, Experiment 3). In none of the experiments did participants become aware of the time-based predictability. These findings have significant implications for our theoretical understanding of human time-based expectancy, as well as important implications for the scheduling of system delays in artificial interaction and communication environments. (PsycINFO Database Record zitiert von 1
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(2018): The use of assistive technologies after stroke is debunking the myths about the elderly. In: Topics in stroke rehabilitation 25 (1), S. 28-36. DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2017.1376845
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2017.1376845 Abstract: Background Through the concept of ageism, we highlight and explain how the society prejudices the elderly. WHO classifies 12 most common stereotypes pertaining to old age. Elderly people are being excluded from social life due to their chronological age rather than any actual reduced physical and/or mental ability. Some of these stereotypes are directly related to the (un)willingness and the ability of the elderly to use technology in everyday life. Objectives The study presented in this article aims to explain the phenomenon of technology use among elderly people who had had a stroke. Method A qualitative study, namely a qualitative content analysis, was performed. Six in-depth interviews with older people who have suffered a stroke were conducted and explored their views on the daily use of technology. Results All older people included in this study used different technologies, which have been divided into technologies that support mobility, technologies for personal care, technologies that support household chores, and technologies for maintaining a social network. An elderly person's attitude toward the use of technology is connected to their social network and assistance from professional staff, as well as the severity of their physical disability. We have found that using various technologies, elderly people are developing various coping strategies. Conclusions After a stroke, a certain degree of physical deterioration can be expected. Nonetheless, our participants managed to compensate for this also with the help of assistive devices and technologies, which negates the myth of simply "surrendering" to the aging process.
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Travis, Cheryl B.; White, Jacquelyn W.; Rutherford, Alexandra; Williams, Wendi S.; Cook, Sarah L.; Wyche, Karen Fraser (Hg.) (2018): APA handbook of the psychology of women: History, theory, and battlegrounds (Vol. 1). Washington: American Psychological Association
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(2018): audEERING's approach to the One-Minute-Gradual Emotion Challenge. Online verfügbar unter https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.01222
Abstract: This paper describes audEERING's submissions as well as additional evaluations for the One-Minute-Gradual (OMG) emotion recognition challenge. We provide the results for audio and video processing on subject (in)dependent evaluations. On the provided Development set, we achieved 0.343 Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) for arousal (from audio) and .401 for valence (from video).
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(2018): audEERING's approach to the One-Minute-Gradual Emotion Challenge. Online verfügbar unter https://arxiv.org/pdf/1805.01222
Abstract: This paper describes audEERING's submissions as well as additional evaluations for the One-Minute-Gradual (OMG) emotion recognition challenge. We provide the results for audio and video processing on subject (in)dependent evaluations. On the provided Development set, we achieved 0.343 Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) for arousal (from audio) and .401 for valence (from video).
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(2018): Hearing taboo words can result in early talker effects in word recognition for female listeners. In: Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) 71 (2), S. 435-448. DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1253757
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27784198 Abstract: Previous spoken word recognition research using the long-term repetition-priming paradigm found performance costs for stimuli mismatching in talker identity. That is, when words were repeated across the two blocks, and the identity of the talker changed reaction times (RTs) were slower than when the repeated words were spoken by the same talker. Such performance costs, or talker effects, followed a time course, occurring only when processing was relatively slow. More recent research suggests that increased explicit and implicit attention towards the talkers can result in talker effects even during relatively fast processing. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether word meaning would influence the pattern of talker effects in an easy lexical decision task and, if so, whether results would differ depending on whether the presentation of neutral and taboo words was mixed or blocked. Regardless of presentation, participants responded to taboo words faster than neutral words. Furthermore, talker effects for the female talker emerged when participants heard both taboo and neutral words (consistent with an attention-based hypothesis), but not for participants that heard only taboo or only neutral words (consistent with the time-course hypothesis). These findings have important implications for theoretical models of spoken word recognition.
Keywords: time -
Vala, Jorge; Waldzus, Sven; Calheiros, Maria Manuela (Hg.) (2018): The Social Developmental Construction of Violence and Intergroup Conflict. Berlin, Germany: Axel Springer SE
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(2018): Communication of anger versus disappointment in bargaining and the moderating role of power. In: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 32. DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2079
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.2079 Abstract: Emotional expressions can have a pervasive impact on bargaining behavior and outcomes. This widely documented phenomenon implies that in their communications, bargainers may adjust their apparent emotions. In the current paper, we developed a paradigm to study the communication of anger and disappointment, two of the most commonly experienced emotions in bargaining. The results of three experiments show that bargainers often adjust the intensity of their emotions in their communicated emotions. The findings show a differentiated pattern, revealing that bargainers rather exaggerate their disappointment than their anger, especially when the target of their communication is in a high power position. The results are discussed and related to the social functional approach of emotions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)