Alle Publikationen
2012
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(2012): “Cars have their own faces”. Cross-cultural ratings of car shapes in biological (stereotypical) terms. In: Evolution and Human Behavior 33 (2), S. 109-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2011.06.003
Abstract: It was recently shown that Austrians associate car front geometry with traits in a way that could be related to face shape geometry mapping to those same overall suites of traits. Yet, possible confounding effects of familiarity with the car models, media coverage and entertainment could not be ruled out. In order to address this, the current study uses a cross-cultural comparison. Adult subjects in two countries (Austria and Ethiopia, n=129) were asked to rate person characteristics of 46 standardized front views of automobiles on various trait scales. These two countries differ substantially with regard to their experience with car models and brands, as well as car marketing and media coverage. Geometric morphometrics was then used to assess the shape information underlying trait attribution. Car shapes for perceived maturity, maleness and dominance were highly similar in both countries, with patterns comparable to shape changes during facial growth in humans: Relative sizes of the forehead and windshield decrease with age/growth, eyes and headlights both become more slit-like, noses and grilles bigger, lips and air-intakes are wider. Austrian participants further attributed various degrees of some interpersonal attitudes and emotions, whereas neither Austrians nor Ethiopians congruently ascribed personalities. Morphological correlates of personal characteristics are discussed, as are person perception and its overgeneralization to inanimate objects. Cross-cultural similarities and differences are addressed, as well as implications for car styling, follow-up studies on driving and pedestrian behavior, and fundamental dimensions in inference from (human) faces.
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(2012): Anomie, Soziale Dominanz und Autoritarismus als Determinanten ethnischer Vorurteile und politischer Distanz. In: Politische Psychologie 2 (1), S. 75-92
Abstract: Autoritarismus und Soziale Dominanz-Orientierung sind zentrale Konzepte der Sozialpsychologie im Kontext der Vorhersage ethischer Vorurteile und Politischer Einstellungen. Basierend auf dem Modell von J. Duckitt (2001) wurde zusätzlich der Einfluss von Anomie auf ideologische Überzeugungen in einer Stichprobe von 278 in den östlichen Bundesländern lebenden Personen im Durchschnittsalter von 43 Jahren untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass Autoritarismus und Soziale Dominanz-Orientierung (hier die Komponente Gruppendominanz) positiv korrelierten mit ethnischen Vorurteilen und politischer Distanz. Zudem wurde gefunden, dass Anomie einen Vorhersagewert für Autoritarismus, Soziale Dominanz-Orientierung und politische Distanz besitzt, während ethnische Vorurteile am besten durch Autoritarismus und Soziale Dominanz-Orientierung vorhergesagt wurden. Die zweite Komponente der Sozialen Dominanzorientierung, Soziale Ungleichheit, hatte keinen Vorgersagewert für Autoritarismus und ethnische Vorurteile. Die Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund der Funktion der Anomie für autoritäre Einstellungssysteme und politische Einstellungen diskutiert.
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(2012): United We Are Strong: An investigation into sense of community among Navy crews. In: Armed Forces & Society 38 (4), S. 557-581. DOI: 10.1177/0095327X11428787
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X11428787 Abstract: This study examines how military leaders can contribute to building a sense of community among navy crews and how this, in turn, may affect unit potency as an important prerequisite of unit performance. Given the crew’s structural and functional differentiation into various subunits and nested groups, the idea of there being multiple senses of community operating dynamically onboard will be addressed. A survey of 272 members of two German Navy frigates reveals that subgroup leaders can strengthen the sense of community among their subordinates by behaving respectfully toward them and taking a personal interest in their needs. This, in turn, is likely to increase subgroup members' belief that the crew as a whole can perform successfully, provided the subgroup is part of the formal, intended structure of the ship.
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(2012): Designing robots for the elderly: Appearance issue and beyond. In: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 54 (1), S. 121-126. DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2011.02.003
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2011.02.003 Abstract: This paper provides the results of three focus groups organized in the framework of the ROBADOM project, aiming at designing a service type assistive robot for the elderly with mild cognitive impairment living at home. The main objective of these focus groups was to give some recommendations to engineers in charge of the design of the robot’s appearance. Results showed that although many humanoid robots were criticized by most participants, some small creative humanoid robots were appreciated. However, beyond the issue of the robot appearance, many ethical and social issues were raised. These focus groups offered an opportunity for participants to discuss the very idea of an assistive robot and to challenge some implicit preconceptions of the roboticists. Finally, we discuss how assistive robots could be designed considering the social context of the elderly and how to implicate the elderly as future end-users in the design process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2012): Perception and Action as Two Sides of the Same Coin. A Review of the Importance of Action-Perception Links in Humans for Social Robot Design and Research. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 4 (1), S. 5-14. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-011-0127-6
Abstract: This paper focuses on the topic of human cognitive architecture in the context of links between action and perception. Results from behavioural studies, neuroimaging, human electrophysiology as well as single-cell studies in monkeys are discussed. These data as well as theoretical background are brought forward to argue that a close connection between action and perception should be considered in designs of artificial systems. Examples of such systems are described and the application of those approaches to robotics is stressed
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(2012): Chinese Education in Diplomacy. In: CHINA-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 10 (1), S. 77-92
Abstract: This article reflects upon contemporary education in Chinese diplomacy covering three aspects: curriculum contents, teaching methods and teaching goals. It argues that the curriculum contents have the following shortcomings: poor awareness of the real problems in China's diplomatic practices, lack of global awareness that is consistent with China's image as a great country, blurring of the boundaries between academic and policy systems, oversight of practices and lack of good understanding of ancient, early modern and contemporary Chinese diplomacy and lack of adequate training in research methodologies. Teaching methods are problematic as the continued dependence on traditional historical research methods has failed to recognise the usefulness of theoretical analytic tools. Also, the value of case studies has not been fully recognised and utilised. With regard to teaching goals, Chinese diplomatic teaching desperately needs some vitality. This article makes recommendations for improving Chinese education in diplomacy, such as applying psychology in diplomatic education, offering a course on comparative diplomacy, developing a course on diplomacy theory, emphasising diplomatic history and improving the training in social sciences research methodologies.
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Yanco, Holly (2012): Proceedings of the seventh annual ACMIEEE international conference on Human-Robot Interaction. the seventh annual ACM/IEEE international conference. Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 3/5/2012 - 3/8/2012. ACM Special Interest Group on Computer-Human Interaction; ACM Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY: ACM
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(2012) : A Natural Hand Gesture System for Intelligent Human-Computer Interaction and Medical Assistance In: IEEE Computer Society: 2012 Third Global Congress on Intelligent Systems (GCIS): 6 - 8 Nov. 2012, Wuhan, China ; proceedings: 2012 Third Global Congress on Intelligent Systems (GCIS): Wuhan, China: 11/6/2012 - 11/8/2012. Wu han gong ye da xue; Global Congress on Intelligent Systems; Gcis: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 382-385
Abstract: This paper presents a novel hand gesture system for intelligent human-computer interaction (HCI) and its applications in medical assistance, e.g. intelligent wheelchair control. The hand gesture vocabulary in the system consists of five key hand postures and three compound states, and its design strategy covers the minimal hand motions, distraction detection and user-friendly design. The experiment results show that the designed lexicon is intuitive, ergonomic, and easy to be remembered and performed. The system is tested in both of the indoor and outdoor environments and shows the robustness to lighting change and users' errors. The proposed intelligent HCI system can run in real-time and offers a natural and efficient interface for people with disability in their limbs to communicate with robots.
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(2012): Respect and the City: The Mediating Role of Respect in Citizen Participation. In: Journal of Place Management and Development 5 (1), S. 20-34. DOI: 10.1108/17538331211209022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17538331211209022 Abstract: Purpose – To develop a city, officials frequently invest a great deal of taxpayers' money in large‐scale place development projects, which are often sparsely supported by the citizens because such projects often lead to unwanted effects (such as gentrification). This results in conflicts between planners and citizens, which are expressed in public protest and resistance. The instrument of citizen participation is repeatedly raised as a solution for such conflicts, but it remains unclear how and especially why this concept should be effective. The purpose of this paper is to empirically highlight the mediating role in this process: the feeling of being respected. By this means, the paper will contribute to a better general understanding of citizen participation. Design/methodology/approach – In an experimental scenario study (n=368), different types of citizen participation (i.e. cases where the result was binding for the city vs non‐binding) were researched using a between‐groups design. To validate results, in a second step, the outcome was discussed with three experts, all of whom have worked in the field. Findings – Surprisingly, it seems that neither the type of participation nor satisfaction with the project makes a difference with regards to citizen satisfaction, but simply the condition of being asked. One could argue that the feeling of being respected is the main mediator in this process. These results show the effectiveness of the participation tool in general, and give a possible explanation for this effect. Originality/value – This paper concentrates on the variables underlying citizen participation. It shows empirically that the feeling of being respected is the mediator within this process. By this means, the paper offers a valuable insight into citizen participation in general and discusses its usage in place marketing.
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(2012): Effects of etiquette strategy on human–robot interaction in a simulated medicine delivery task. In: Intelligent Service Robotics 5 (3), S. 199-210. DOI: 10.1007/s11370-012-0113-3
Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which a model of linguistic etiquette in human–human interaction could be applied to human–robot interaction (HRI) domain, and how different etiquette strategies proposed through the model might influence performance of humans and robots as mediated by manipulations of robot physical features, in a simulated medicine delivery task. A “wizard of Oz” experiment was conducted in which either a humanoid robot or a mechanical-looking robot was used to present medicine reminding utterances (following different etiquette strategies) to participants, who were engaged in a primary cognitive task (a Sudoku puzzle). Results revealed the etiquette model to partially extend to the HRI domain. Participants were not sensitive to positive language from robots (e.g., appreciation of human values/wants) and such a strategy did not succeed in supporting or enhancing the “positive face” of human users. Both “bald” (no linguistic courtesy) and mixed strategies (positive and “negative face” (minimizing user imposition) saving) resulted in moderate user perceived etiquette scores (PE). However, individual differences suggested such robot linguistic strategies should be applied with caution. Opposite to this, a negative face saving strategy (supporting user freedom of choice) promoted user task and robot performance (in terms of user response time to robot requests), and resulted in the highest PE score. There was also evidence that humanoid robot features provide additional social cues that may be used by patients and support human and robot performance, but not PE. These results provide a basis for determining appropriate etiquette strategies and robot appearance to promote better collaborative task performances for future health care delivery applications of service robots.
Keywords: Anerkennung von Werten/Bedürfnissen, appropriate social interaction, Disziplin, doppelter Treffer, Etikette, Face, Face-Saving, Favoriten, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Human-robot etiquette, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Interaktionspartner, Linguistik, Medicine delivery, Medizin, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Mensch-Technische Systeme, Negative face saving, Patient compliance, Patient-robot interaction, Realtechnik, Serviceroboter, Soziale Angemessenheit, Soziale Robotik, Technik, Technikbezug, Volltreffer, Wahlfreiheit (eines Nutzers/Interaktionspartners), Wertendes Sprachverhalten -
(2012): Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik im Finanzsystem. Das Modell der ethikorientierten Führung. 1. Aufl.. Stuttgart: Steinbeis-Ed (Finethikon)
Abstract: Das Modell der ethikorientierten Führung wird vorgestellt als Antwort auf die Frage, wie gute Führung aussehen sollte. Gemäß diesem Modell zeichnet sich gute Führung dadurch aus, dass genuin moralische Werte neben nicht-genuin moralischen Werten die Entscheidungen und Handlungen von Führungskräften leiten und prägen. Dies gilt sowohl im Hinblick auf Aufgaben der Unternehmensführung, als auch im Hinblick auf Aufgaben der Mitarbeiterführung. Als Beispiele genuin moralischer Werte werden die Achtung der Menschenwürde, die Ermöglichung von Mündigkeit, der Schutz der Gleichheit, die Sorge um Gerechtigkeit, das Streben nach Nachhaltigkeit und gelebte Toleranz genannt, Leistungs-, Gewinn- und Innovationsstreben sowie Kundenorientierung sind Beispiele nicht-genuin moralischer Werte. Das Zusammenspiel von genuin moralischen und nicht-genuin moralischen Werten wird erörtert. Des Weiteren wird der Zusammenhang zwischen ethikorientierter Führung und klassischen Führungsstilen, wie dem partnerschaftlich-demokratischen, dem autoritativen und dem laissez-faire, erläutert. Abschließend wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob und wie man ethikorientierte Führung vermitteln und erlernen kann. Zusammenfassend wird festgehalten, dass ethikorientierte Führungskräfte immer auf die Vereinbarkeit ihrer Handlungen mit moralischen Forderungen achten, so dass sie im Konfliktfall auf eine Handlung verzichten, auch wenn sie einen nicht-genuin moralischen Wert maximieren würde. Sie spielen ihre Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter nicht gegeneinander aus, setzen sie nicht unter Druck oder halten sie bewusst klein. Sie verfolgen keine Ziele, die sie nicht offen kommunizieren.
2011
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2011 6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) (2011). 2011 6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). New York, NY, US: Association for Computing Machinery
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2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (2011). 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Boston, MA: IEEE
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2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (2011). 2011 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation. Beijing, China: IEEE
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2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (2011). 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Anchorage, Alaska, USA: IEEE
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2011 RO-MAN (2011). 2011 RO-MAN. Georgia, USA: IEEE
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2011 Second International Conference on Culture and Computing (Culture Computing) (2011). 2011 Second International Conference on Culture and Computing (Culture Computing). Kyoto, Japan, 10/20/2011 - 10/22/2011. Kyoto, Japan: IEEE / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Incorporated
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2011 Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (2011). 2011 Third International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation. Washington, DC, US: IEEE
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IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (2011). IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Melbourne, Victoria, Australie: IEEE
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IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2011. 9-12 Oct. 2011, Anchorage, Alaska, USA ; conference proceedings ; [including workshop papers]. EEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE SMC); Annual Workshop on Brain-Machine Interfaces; Workshop on Robust Machine Learning Technologies for Human Activity Detection Using Body-Worn Sensors (2011). 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. Anchorage, AK, USA, 10/9/2011 - 10/12/2011. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE
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Korruption: Forschungsstand, Prävention, Probleme (2011). Lengerich, Germany: Pabst Science Publishers
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Proceedings of the 2011 15th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD) (2011). Proceedings of the 2011 15th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD). Lausanne, Switzerland: IEEE
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Proceedings of the Joint INDS’11 ISTET’11 (2011). Klagenfurt, Austria: IEEE
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Theories in social psychology. (2011). Hoboken, USA: Wiley-Blackwell
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Aerni, Philipp (2011): Moral und Angst. Erkenntnisse aus Moralpsychologie und politischer Theologie. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
Abstract: Unter Bezugnahme auf die Theorie der triadischen Ethik (D. Narvaez), in der drei Typen der Ethik (auf Angst basierende "Sicherheitsethik", auf Liebe/Mitleid basierende "Engagementethik", auf gesellschaftlicher Verantwortungsethik basierende "Imaginationsethik") unterschieden werden, wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit Angst oder Liebe als Ursachen moralischen Handelns betrachtet werden können. Dabei wird zu zeigen versucht, dass Personen, die in ihrer Kindheit kein unterstützendes, fürsorgliches und liebevolles Umfeld erlebt haben, dazu neigen, anderen Menschen zu misstrauen und meistens nur das Schlechte an ihnen zu sehen. Deswegen würden sie eine Moral, die auf Angst basiert, entwickeln. Bei denjenigen Individuen hingegen, die eine wohlgesinnte Zuwendung der Bezugspersonen in der Kindheit erlebt haben, würde sich eine Moral des gegenseitigen Respekts und der gegenseitigen Unterstützung entwickeln. Die individuelle Erfahrung, insbesondere in der frühkindlichen Phase, wie auch die Kultur und allgemeine Grundstimmung in einer Gesellschaft würden maßgebend deren moralische Grundeinstellung beeinflussen. zitiert von: 3