Alle Publikationen
2017
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Leitfaden Physiotherapie (Siebte Ausgabe) (2017). München: Urban & Fischer
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(2017): Decoding images. Toward a theory of pictorial framing. In: Discourse & Society 28 (4), S. 327-352
Abstract: Using data from the Egyptian public discourse on the United States, this article lays out the foundation for building a general theory of pictorial framing. In this theory, at the most general level, the concept of pictorial framing refers to subtle alterations in the visual presentation of judgment and choice problems. Specifically, pictures are viewed as constructions, and pictorial meaning is seen as an intricate web of connected frames. The article thus adopts the view that a visual grammar is part of cognitive science and is fundamentally concerned with the relation between what goes on in the human mind and manifestations of this activity. The article draws on insights from blending model (Fauconnier and Turner, 2002), Relevance Theory (Sperber and Wilson, 1995) and frame semantics (Fillmore, 1985), discussing a large corpus of 90 multimodal cartoons on the United States.
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(2017): Identität. Über die Entstehung des Gedankens, dass der Mensch ein Individuum ist, den nicht leicht zu verwirklichenden Anspruch auf Individualität und Kompetenzen, Identität in einer riskanten Moderne zu finden und zu wahren. 3., aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage. Wiesbaden: Springer VS
Abstract: Individualität, Kampf um Aufmerksamkeit, Mode und Lebensstil -- Identität, sich mit den Augen der Anderen sehen, Außenleitung, dramatische Auftritte im Alltag und der Zwang der Verhältnisse -- Krise der Lebenswelt und der Identität in der Moderne, Kompetenzen, bewegliches Denken und Mut Das Lehrbuch stellt im ersten Teil die gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Bedingungen dar, dass der Mensch sich bewusst wurde, ein Individuum zu sein, und es liefert soziologische Erklärungen, wie er seine Individualität zum Ausdruck bringt. Im zweiten Teil wird die Frage nach der Identität in der fortgeschrittenen Moderne nach folgenden Unterfragen behandelt: Wie sind wir geworden, was wir sind? Welcher Kompetenzen bedarf es, um eine Balance zwischen unseren individuellen Ansprüchen und sozialen Erwartungen zu finden? Für die dritte Auflage wurden alle Kapitel aktualisiert. Um die Lektüre zu erleichtern, wurde gleich am Anfang ein neues Kapitel „Überblick und Zusammenfassung“ eingefügt. Der zweite Teil des Lehrbuches wurde neu gegliedert und um ein Kapitel „Autonomie des Subjekts in und gegen Rollen, Ich-Identität“ erweitert. Der Inhalt • Individualität, Kampf um Aufmerksamkeit, Mode und Lebensstil • Identität, sich mit den Augen der Anderen sehen, Außenleitung, dramatische Auftritte im Alltag und der Zwang der Verhältnisse • Krise der Lebenswelt und der Identität in der Moderne, Kompetenzen, bewegliches Denken und Mut Die Zielgruppen • Studierende der Soziologie, der Pädagogik, der Psychologie und der Sozialarbeit • Studierende aus Studiengängen für das Lehramt und für erziehende Berufe • Alle, die schon immer an Antworten auf die oben genannten Fragen interessiert waren Der Autor Dr. Dr. Heinz Abels, em. Univ.-Professor am Institut für Soziologie an der FernUniversität in Hagen
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(2017) : Timing Sequences and Influence of Time In: Ahamed, Syed V.: Evolution of knowledge science: Myth to medicine : intelligent internet-based humanist machines: Cambridge, MA: Morgan Kaufmann, S. 249-264
Abstract: In this chapter, we present a computational-based framework for the representation of social interactions. A knowledge/social machine can thus analyze, scrutinize, enhance, and improve any interaction process. In a rational setting, computer-aided social processes can be smooth and directionally convergent without irritations, misunderstandings, and emotionally exhausting. In an emotional setting, computer-aided social interactions can be accepting, forgiving, and adjusting. Since almost all social entities have a fair proportion of intelligence and emotion content in their dealings, the machine can so adjust the tone of the interaction to be intellectual yet emotionally satisfying and also be emotionally gratifying yet intellectually rewarding. The mode of interaction can be made mood, situation, culture, and time dependent. The role of the machine becomes desirable in corporate and national negotiations where the situation is generally depicted by a zero-sum game strategy. Fairness and risk are both explored for both the participants simultaneously. When the situation is depicted by nonzero-sum game strategy, the machine will search the Internet knowledge bases to find a creative conclusion of the social interactions by introducing other linked objects into the negotiation process with time, and timings are negotiable parameters. It is also foreseeable that such machines will train the next generation of adolescents in the art of social elegance and work creative solutions for social problems thus reducing social friction in the society.
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Ahamed, Syed V. (2017): Evolution of knowledge science. Myth to medicine : intelligent internet-based humanist machines. Cambridge, MA: Morgan Kaufmann
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(2017): Adaptive social robot for sustaining social engagement during long-term Children–Robot Interaction. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 33 (12), S. 943-962. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2017.1300750
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2017.1300750 Abstract: One of the known challenges in Children–Robot Interaction (cHRI) is to sustain children’s engagement during long-term interactions with robots. Researchers have hypothesized that robots that can adapt to children’s affective states and can also learn from the environment can result in sustaining engagement during cHRI. Recently, researchers have conducted a range of studies where robots portray different social capabilities and have shown that it has positively influenced children’s engagement. However, despite an immense body of research on implementation of different adaptive social robots, a pivotal question remains unanswered: Which adaptations portrayed by a robot can result in maintaining long-term social engagement during cHRI? In other words, what are the appropriate and effective adaptations portrayed by a robot that will sustain social engagement for an extended number of interactions? In this article, we report on a study conducted with three groups of children who played a snakes and ladders game with the NAO robot to address the aforementioned question. The NAO performed 1) game-based adaptations, 2) emotion-based adaptations, and 3) memory-based adaptation. Our results showed that emotion-based adaptations were found out to be most effective, followed by memory-based adaptations. Game adaptation didn’t result in sustaining long-term social engagement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Development of a dating violence assessment tool for late adolescence across three countries: The Violence in Adolescents’ Dating Relationships Inventory (VADRI). In: Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32 (17), S. 2626-2646
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(2017): Event-based knowledge reconciliation using frame embeddings and frame similarity. In: KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS 13, S. 192-203
Abstract: This paper proposes an evolution over MERGILO, a tool for reconciling knowledge graphs extracted from text, using graph alignment and word similarity. The reconciled knowledge graphs are typically used for multi-document summarization, or to detect knowledge evolution across document series. The main point of improvement focuses on event reconciliation i.e., reconciling knowledge graphs generated by text about two similar events described differently. In order to gather a complete semantic representation of events, we use FRED semantic web machine reader, jointly with Framester, a linguistic linked data hub represented using a novel formal semantics for frames. Framester is used to enhance the extracted event knowledge with semantic frames. We extend MERGILO with similarities based on the graph structure of semantic frames and the subsumption hierarchy of semantic roles as defined in Framester. With an effective evaluation strategy similarly as used for MERGILO, we show the improvement of the new approach (MERGILO plus semantic frame/role similarities) over the baseline.
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(2017): Event-based knowledge reconciliation using frame embeddings and frame similarity. In: KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS 13, S. 192-203
Abstract: This paper proposes an evolution over MERGILO, a tool for reconciling knowledge graphs extracted from text, using graph alignment and word similarity. The reconciled knowledge graphs are typically used for multi-document summarization, or to detect knowledge evolution across document series. The main point of improvement focuses on event reconciliation i.e., reconciling knowledge graphs generated by text about two similar events described differently. In order to gather a complete semantic representation of events, we use FRED semantic web machine reader, jointly with Framester, a linguistic linked data hub represented using a novel formal semantics for frames. Framester is used to enhance the extracted event knowledge with semantic frames. We extend MERGILO with similarities based on the graph structure of semantic frames and the subsumption hierarchy of semantic roles as defined in Framester. With an effective evaluation strategy similarly as used for MERGILO, we show the improvement of the new approach (MERGILO plus semantic frame/role similarities) over the baseline.
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(2017): The influence of service employees and other customers on customer unfriendliness. A social norms perspective. In: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 45 (6), S. 827-847. DOI: 10.1007/s11747-016-0505-6
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(2017) : Gesture in the Ancient Mediterranean World In: Naiden, Fred S.; Talbert, Richard J. A. (Hg.): Mercury's wings: Exploring modes of communication in the ancient world: New York, NY: Oxford University Press, S. 149-166Keywords: Youssef, Ramy
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(2017): Effects of reinforcement value on instruction following under schedules of negative reinforcement. In: Behavioural Processes 145, S. 27-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.10.003
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28993244 Abstract: The effects of reinforcement value and social control on instruction following under a negative-reinforcement (escape) schedule were studied. Initially, responding produced timeouts from pressing a force cell under a low and a high force requirement on a fixed-ratio 1 schedule of reinforcement. Next, participants were reexposed to the low and high force requirements, but were instructed that the experimenter expected them to decrease the number of timeouts relative to the previous exposures to the procedure. Even though following the instruction led to a decrease in number of timeouts and to an increase in effort (i.e., was non-efficient), instruction following occurred consistently for each participant and was modulated by reinforcement value. That is, the decrease in the number of timeouts (i.e., instruction following) was lower under the high force requirement than under the low force requirement. These results replicate and extend previous findings that instructions interact with social and nonsocial contingencies in controlling human behavior.
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(2017): Explaining the Criteria of Designing Urban Furniture and Landscape, with a Cultural-social Design Approach. In: Journal of History Culture and Art Research 6 (4). DOI: 10.7596/taksad.v6i4.1034
Abstract: Attention to the deep relationship between human personality and the place in which he lives causes the place to play a crucial role in cultural transformations and prevalence of human life style and formation of values, connections and human activities. Cities are not just a place of transit, but they are also environments that must have mutual communications with the inhabitants in order to realize the meaning of citizen, as there is a distinction between the status of citizenship and urbanization. Urban furniture is one of the elements of urban space that its quantity, beauty and durability play a major role in achieving a healthy and favorable city and satisfies the needs of citizens in terms of performance and beauty. Accordingly, the present study, using descriptive-analytical method and with data collection tools including library and documentary studies, examines the concept of product ecology and answers to the questions whether urban furniture can start or support social interaction or positively affect the roles of citizens? In this paper, the relationship between social-cultural design in urban furniture and the disturbances regarding uneven distribution of elements are identified, and finally the criteria of designing urban furniture and landscape are expressed with a social-design approach.
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(2017): Fairness and family background. In: Politics, Philosophy & Economics 16 (2), S. 117-131. DOI: 10.1177/1470594X15618966
Abstract: Fairness preferences fundamentally affect individual behavior and play an important role in shaping social and political institutions. However, people differ both with respect to what they view as fair and with respect to how much weight they attach to fairness considerations. In this article, we study the role of family background in explaining these heterogeneities in fairness preferences. In particular, we examine how socioeconomic background relates to fairness views and to how people make trade-offs between fairness and self-interest. To study this, we conducted an economic experiment with a representative sample of 14- to 15-year-old and matched the experimental data to administrative data on parental income and education. The participants made two distributive choices in the experiment. The first choice was to distribute money between themselves and another participant in a situation where there was no difference in merit. The second choice was to distribute money between two other participants with unequal merits. Our main finding is that there is a systematic difference in fairness view between children from low-socioceconomic status (SES) families and the rest of the participants; more than 50 percent of the participants from low-SES families are egalitarians, whereas only about 20 percent in the rest of the sample hold this fairness view. In contrast, we find no significant difference in the weight attached to fairness between children from different socioeconomic groups.
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(2017): Metrics and benchmarks in human-robot interaction: Recent advances in cognitive robotics. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 43, S. 313-323. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2016.06.002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2016.06.002 Abstract: Robots are having an important growing role in human social life, which requires them to be able to behave appropriately to the context of interaction so as to create a successful long-term human-robot relationship. A major challenge in developing intelligent systems, which could enhance the interactive abilities of robots, is defining clear metrics and benchmarks for the different aspects of human-robot interaction, like human and robot skills and performances, which could facilitate comparing between systems and avoid application-biased evaluations based on particular measures. The point of evaluating robotic systems through metrics and benchmarks, in addition to some recent frameworks and technologies that could endow robots with advanced cognitive and communicative abilities, are discussed in this technical report that covers the outcome of our recent workshop on current advances in cognitive robotics: Towards Intelligent Social Robots - Current Advances in Cognitive Robotics, in conjunction with the 15th IEEE-RAS Humanoids Conference - Seoul - South Korea - 2015 (https://intelligent-robots-ws.ensta-paristech.fr/). Additionally, a summary of an interactive discussion session between the workshop participants and the invited speakers about different issues related to cognitive robotics research is reported.
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(2017): Towards intelligent social robots: Current advances in cognitive robotics. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 43, S. 153-156. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2016.11.005
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(2017): On the cultural basis of gender differences in negotiation. In: Experimental Economics 98 (2). DOI: 10.1007/s10683-017-9547-y
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-017-9547-y Abstract: We study how culture and social structure influence bargaining behavior across gender, by exploring the negotiation culture in matrilineal and patriarchal societies using data from a laboratory experiment and a natural field experiment. One interesting result is that in both the actual marketplace and in the laboratory bargaining game, women in the matrilineal society earn more than men, at odds with years of evidence observed in the western world. We find that this result is critically driven by which side of the market the person is occupying: female (male) sellers in the matrilineal (patriarchal) society extract more of the bargaining surplus than male (female) sellers. In the buyer role, however, we observe no significant differences across societies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2017): Stereotype negation in Frame Semantics. In: Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 2 (1). DOI: 10.5334/gjgl.293Keywords: affixation, contextual coercion, frame semantics, Framesemantik, Frame-Semantik, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kontext, lexical negation, lexical rules, Lexik, Linguistik, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Negation, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachverstehen, Status / biologische Marker, Technik
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(2017): The Psychology of Middle Power. Vertical Code-Switching, Role Conflict, and Behavioral Inhibition. In: Academy of Management Review 42 (4), S. 659-682. DOI: 10.5465/amr.2016.0002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2016.0002 Abstract: Decades of research have demonstrated that having or lacking power can influence how people think and behave in organizations. By contrasting the experiences associated with high- and low-power states, however, this research has neglected the psychological and behavioral correlates of middle power, which is the subjective sense that one’s power is neither consistently higher nor lower than the power of one’s interaction partners. In this article we propose that middle-power positions and mindsets lead to frequent vertical code-switching—the act of alternating between behavioral patterns that are directed toward higher-power and lower-power interaction partners. We draw from identity and role transition theories to develop propositions specifying when frequent vertical code-switching will, in turn, result in heightened role conflict. We further situate our theoretical analysis by updating and extending the approach/inhibition theory of power on the basis of insights from rev ised reinforcement sensitivity theory to introduce an integrative framework called the approach/inhibition/avoidance theory of power. Overall, we highlight the promise of conceptualizing power in terms of the stability of one’s vertical orientation, offering novel predictions about the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects of power. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 5
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(2017): 'Why are there limits on theory of mind use? Evidence from adults’ ability to follow instructions from an ignorant speaker': Corrigendum. In: The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 70 (1). DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1178876
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2016.1178876 Abstract: Reports an error in 'Why are there limits on theory of mind use? Evidence from adults' ability to follow instructions from an ignorant speaker' by Ian A. Apperly, Daniel J. Carroll, Dana Samson, Glyn W. Humphreys, Adam Qureshi and Graham Moffitt (The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2010[Jun], Vol 63[6], 1201-1217). Ongoing work after publication has uncovered an inaccuracy in the reporting of one of the studies in this article. The updated text replacing the first three lines of the methods section for Experiments 2a and 2b on page 1209 of the original article is provided in the corrigendum (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2010-10502-012[/rid]). Keysar et al. (Keysar, Barr, Balin, & Brauner, 2000; Keysar, Lin, & Barr, 2003) report that adults frequently failed to use their conceptual competence for theory of mind (ToM) in an online communication game where they needed to take account of a speaker's perspective. The current research reports 3 experiments investigating the cognitive processes contributing to adults' errors. In Experiments 1 and 2 the frequency of adults' failure to use ToM was unaffected by perspective switching. In Experiment 3 adults made more errors when interpreting instructions according to the speaker's perspective than according to an arbitrary rule. We suggest that adults are efficient at switching perspectives, but that actually using what another person knows to interpret what they say is relatively inefficient, giving rise to egocentric errors during communication. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Kommunikation, theory of mind -
(2017): Mapping Hansard Impression Management Strategies through Time and Space. In: Studia Neophilologica 89 (sup1), S. 5-20. DOI: 10.1080/00393274.2017.1370981
Abstract: Impolite behaviour is thought to be easier to investigate than polite or politic behaviour in diachronic contexts, because of attracting more evaluative comment. But an approach based on such metapragmatic commentary can miss a lot of facework strategies in contexts such as the UK parliament (modern and historical). In this paper, I draw on Historic Hansard datasets (1812-2003) to demonstrate how a (semi)automatic method involving contiguous searches of two-to-four features can better reveal the nuances of these MPs' facework strategies than a focus on metapragmatic terms has afforded hitherto. The (semi)automatic method uses the recently created Historic Thesaurus Semantic Tagger (HTST) to search for meaning constellations (Archer and Malory 2017). Meaning constellations relating to facework are made up of sequences of semantic fields and/or parts-of-speech which, when organised in certain ways, achieve im/politeness, politic behaviour, strategic ambiguity, a combination of face enhancement and face threat, etc. This paper discusses a number of these meaning constellations, with a particular focus on those which engage in both face enhancement and face aggravation simultaneously (whilst nonetheless avoiding the label, unparliamentary language).
Keywords: time -
(2017): Tracing facework over time using semi-automated methods. In: International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 22 (1), S. 27-56. DOI: 10.1075/ijcl.22.1.02arc
Abstract: Impolite behaviour tends to attract more evaluative comment than other facework, making it easier to investigate synchronically and diachronically. A reliance on metapragmatic commentary is not optimum for UK parliamentary studies, however, as MPs cannot use "insulting or rude language" that breaks the chamber's "rules of politeness" (www.parliament.uk). The work reported here thus offers three innovative methods of tracing MPs' facework as they negotiated the "unparliamentary language" prohibition, and the results gleaned when the methods were applied to Hansard records (1812-2004). Method 1 prioritises portmanteau tags made up of USAS semtags. Method 2 prioritises themes derived from the HTOED. Method 3 draws on 'meaning constellations' (i.e. simultaneous searches of multiple tags). The UK parliamentary website highlights the "considerable ingenuity" displayed by MPs in order to circumvent their unparliamentary language prohibition. All methods have found examples of such ingenuity, many of which are characterized by multiple facework intentions (Archer 2015).
Keywords: time -
(2017) : Beyond Moral Dilemmas: Exploring the Ethical Landscape in HRI: 2017 12th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI: Vienna, Austria: Association for Computing Machinery, S. 445-452
Abstract: HRI research has yielded intriguing empirical results connected to ethics and how we act in social contexts with robots, even though much of this work has focused on task-based, one-on-one interaction. In this paper, we point to the need to investigate a wider range of ethically relevant dynamics that interaction with robots carries with it - individually and in groups, with a single robot or more. We specifically examine three areas: 1) the primacy and implicit dynamics of bodily perception, 2) the competing interests at work in a single robot-human interaction, and 3) the social intricacy of multiple agents - robots and humans - communicating and making decisions. While these areas are not exhaustive by any means, we find they yield concrete directions for how HRI can contribute to a widening, intensifying set of ethical debates with critical empirical insight, starting to explore more of the ethical landscape in HRI.
Keywords: critical empirical insight, Decision Making, ethical aspects, ethical debates, ethical landscape, ethically relevant dynamics, Ethics, Ethics in HRI, HRI research, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, implicit dynamics, Law, Moral & Ethik, moral dilemmas, multiple agents, robot dynamics, Robot sensing systems, robot-human interaction, social contexts, social intricacy, Task Analysis -
(2017): The impact of face systems on the pragmalinguistic features of academic e-mail requests. In: Pragmatics and Society 8 (1), S. 61-84. DOI: 10.1075/ps.8.1.04asl
Abstract: This study investigates the impact of power/distance (PD) variables operationalized as face systems on the pragmalinguistic features of academic e-mail requests. A corpus of 90 academic e-mails was classified into four face system groups: hierarchical (sender +P), hierarchical (recipient +P), deference, and solidarity. Request perspectives, strategies, and mitigating supportive moves were analyzed. The analysis revealed that the speaker and hearer dominance were the most frequent request perspectives in the hierarchical (recipient+P) and deference groups. The impersonal perspective was more common in the hierarchical (sender+P) group. The preparatory was the dominant request strategy in all groups, relatively more frequent in the hierarchical (recipient+P) and deference groups. The most common supportive move was the grounder, which occurred more frequently than other supportive moves. The findings of the study indicate that face systems influence the request patterns in academic e-mail communication. The study has implications for future research on pragmatics of computer-mediated communication (CMC).
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(2017): Theorizing animal–computer interaction as machinations. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 98, S. 135-149. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2016.05.005
Abstract: The increased involvement of animals in digital technology and user-computer research opens up for new possibilities and forms of interaction. It also suggests that the emerging field of Animal-Computer Interaction (ACI) needs to reconsider what should be counted as interaction. The most common already established forms of interaction are direct and dyadic, and limited to domesticated animals such as working dogs and pets. Drawing on an ethnography of the use of mobile proximity sensor cameras in ordinary wild boar hunting we emphasize a more complex, diffuse, and not directly observable form of interaction, which involves wild animals in a technological and naturalistic setting. Investigating human and boar activities related to the use of these cameras in the light of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Goffman's notion of strategic interaction reveals a gamelike interaction that is prolonged, networked and heterogeneous, in which members of each species is opposed the other in a mutual assessment acted out through a set of strategies and counter-strategies. We stress the role of theory for the field of ACI and how conceptualizations of interaction can be used to excite the imagination and be generative for design. Seeing interaction as strategies and acknowledging the existence of complex interdependencies could potentially inspire the design of more indirect and non-dyadic interactions where a priori simplifications of design challenges as either human or animal can be avoided. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Actor-network theory, Animal-computer interaction, Animal-Computer-Interaction, ANT und ANT mit Esserschem Modell, Ethnography, Goffman, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Ontological symmetry, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Reflexionen über MTR, Strategic interaction, Theory of interaction (Goffman), Tier und Maschine