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2016
Viskovatoff, Alex (2016): Foundations of Niklas Luhmann’s Theory of Social Systems. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 29 (4), S. 481-516. DOI: 10.1177/004839319902900402

Abstract: Of all contemporary social theorists, Luhmann has best understood the centrality of the concept of meaning to social theory and has most extensively worked out the notion's implications. However, despite the power of his theory the theory suffers from difficulties impeding its reception. This article attempts to remedy this situation with some critical arguments and proposals for revision. First, the theory Luhmann adopted from biology as the basis of his own theory was a poor choice since that theory has no explanatory power, being purely descriptive; furthermore, that theory is fundamentally flawed since it implies that viruses are impossible. Second, Luhmann's theory of meaning cannot coherently make the social domain autonomous as he desires since Luhmann does not take into account the distinction between syntax and semantics. By introducing this distinction, making clear that social systems consist of rules, not just communications, and raising the rule concept to the same prominence in social theory as those of actor and system, autonomy can be maintained while avoiding the counterintuitive aspects of Luhmann's theory.

Keywords: Disziplin, Interaktion, Kommunikation, Luhmann, Philosophie, Regel, Regeln versus Kommunikation, Regelwerk, Soziale Ordnung, Soziale Systeme, Systemischer Ansatz, systems theory, Systemtheorie
2006
Milton, C. L. (2006): Breaking the rules of the game. Ethical implications for nursing practice and education. In: Nursing Science Quarterly 19 (3), S. 207-210

Abstract: Rules in games are fundamental to the ethics of practice. Rules provide a context or space where a game is defined and played. Throughout human life, games may be formalized with written and unwritten rules. Imaginations may be sparked in the creative structuring of new, informal games. Formal and informal rules can serve to provide direction for what may be viewed as decorum and appropriate behavior with professional groups. In this column, the author illuminates possible ethical meanings for rule-making and breaking with implications for nursing practice and education from a nursing theoretical perspective.

Keywords: Berufstechnik, decorum, Fehlverhalten, Gesellschaftsprofit, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, Intellektualtechnik, Interaktion, Medizin, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Normen, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pflege, Regel, Regelwerk, Regelwerke, Soziale Rolle, Spiel, Spieltheorie, Technik, Umgangsformen, Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten

2016

2006

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