Alle Publikationen
2009
-
(2009): The Determinants and Consequences of Intragroup Respect: An Examination Within a Sporting Context. In: Journal of Applied Social Psychology 39 (5), S. 1229-1253. DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00480.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00480.x Abstract: Although the term respect is widely used in society, its determinants and consequences on group-related factors are unclear. In 4 studies (2 pilot studies, validation study, main study), we examined these issues. In the main study, high-level rowing crew members completed measures of respect, liking, and group identification pre- and post-competition; and attribution items post-competition. Although respect and liking did not predict team success, success was associated with subsequent levels of respect, but not liking. The effect of success on group identification was mediated by respect. Moderation analyses indicated that intragroup liking, but not respect, increased the likelihood of group-serving attributions. Results highlight the determinants of respect and its role in group processes and outcomes, and distinguish respect from liking.
-
Raab, Gerhard; Unger, Alexander (Hg.) (2009): Der Mensch im Mittelpunkt wirtschaftlichen Handelns. Tagungsband zur 15. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für angewandte Wirtschaftspsychologie Ludwigshafen 10. 11. Juli 2009. 1. Auflage. Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers
-
(2009): Social preferences and moral biases. In: Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 69 (3), S. 201-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2008.10.007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2008.10.007 Abstract: An emerging consensus in economics is that three motives are at work in strategic decisions: distributive preferences, reciprocal preferences and self-interest. An important obstacle, however, has been moral biases: distortions created by self-interest can obscure our measures of social preferences. This paper describes a simple experiment to address this. We compare the decisions of implicated “stakeholders” with those of impartial “spectators.” We find that stakeholders are less inclined to respond to the generosity of others than are spectators. We also clarify a result in previous research [e.g., Offerman, T., 2002. Hurting hurts more than helping helps. European Economic Review 46, 1423–1437] that stakeholders punish unkindness more than they reward kindness. We find that this asymmetry in reciprocity has two sources: an asymmetry in the underlying preference that even impartial spectators display and a moral bias; stakeholders punish more and reward less than spectators. In sum, we find that all three motives have important and significant effects on final allocations. zitiert von: 91
-
(2009): Beruflich in Spanien. Trainingsprogramm für Manager, Fach- und Führungskräfte. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (Handlungskompetenz im Ausland)
-
Reisinger, Yvette (2009): International tourism. Cultures and behavior. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann
Keywords: Culture and tourism, In recent years there has been a considerable interest in the cultural aspects of tourism such as the impacts of culture on tourism planning, development, management, and marketing. However, the focus has been on material forms of culture such as arts, mu, rules, science direct -
(2009) : Cultural influences on rules of social interaction In: Reisinger, Yvette: International tourism: Cultures and behavior: Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann, S. 225-231
Abstract: Objectives After completing this chapter the reader should be able to: •Understand the concept of rules of social behavior •Identify different types of rules of social behavior •Explain the influence of culture on rules of social behavior •Understand the consequences of breaking the social rules •Identify cultural differences in social rules
-
(2009): Others in mind. Social origins of self-consciousness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Online verfügbar unter https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812484
Abstract: Introduction : main ideas -- Self-conscious species -- Six propositions -- Variety of self-reflective mind states -- Mind states in development -- Birth of self-consciousness -- Shame and self-knowledge -- Roots of guilt -- Giving and sharing -- Origins of owning and sharing -- Social construction of identity -- Conclusion : moral space and the self In this book, Philippe Rochat explores self-consciousness, how it originates and how it shapes our lives, arguably the most important and revealing of all psychological problems. Why are we so prone to guilt and embarrassment? Why do we care so much about how others see us, about our reputation? What are the origins of such afflictions? Rochat argues that it is because we are members of a species that evolved the unique propensity to reflect upon themselves as an object of thoughts; an object of thoughts that is potentially evaluated by others. Based on empirical observations, this is a book of ideas, tapping into both developmental and anthropological phenomena and guided by strong existential intuitions regarding the human condition. At the core of these intuitions, there is the idea that human psychic life is predominantly determined by what we imagine others perceive of us
Keywords: Aufmerksamkeit, Entwicklungspsychologie, Erklärung und Genese von Sozialität und Zwischenmenschlichkeit, Herkunft von Sozialität, Philosophie der Psychologie, Psychologie, Selbst, Selbstbewusstsein, Self, Self / Social aspects, Self-consciousness (Sensitivity), Self-knowledge, Theory of, Social aspects -
(2009): 'Heart Robot', a public engagement project. In: Interaction Studies: Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems 10 (3), S. 427-452. DOI: 10.1075/is.10.3.07roc
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/is.10.3.07roc Abstract: Heart Robot was a public engagement project funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). The aim of the project was to challenge cultural perceptions of robots, and to stimulate thought and debate in members of the general public around research in the field of social and emotional robotics. Fusing the traditions of Bunraku puppetry, the technology of animatronics and the field of artificial emotion and social intelligence, Heart Robot presented a series of entertaining, thought-provoking, and moving performances at fourteen events in the south-west region of the UK between May and December 2008. This paper presents a summary of the independent evaluation of the project. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
-
(2009): Human-Android Interaction in the Near and Distant Future. In: Perspectives on Psychological Science 4 (4), S. 429-434Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz, Life Sciences
-
Rudolph, Andre; Stöckmann, Ernst (Hg.) (2009): Aufklärung und Weimarer Klassik im Dialog. 1. Aufl.. s.l.: Max Niemeyer Verlag (Untersuchungen zur deutschen Literaturgeschichte). Online verfügbar unter http://site.ebrary.com/lib/alltitles/docDetail.action?docID=10314554
Abstract: Die literaturwissenschaftlichen Epochenkonstruktionen Aufklärung und Weimarer Klassik sind in der jüngeren Forschung problematisch geworden. Tatsächlich lässt der literarische Diskurs selbst Phänomene der Gleichzeitigkeit erkennen, die die idealtypische Konfiguration heterogener Epochenstrukturen fragwürdig erscheinen lassen. Dem Generalthema der Kontinuitäten und Diskontinuitäten im literarischen Feld zwischen 1750 und 1800 widmete sich im Sommer 2006 eine am Interdisziplinären Zentrum für die Erforschung der Europäischen Aufklärung in Halle/Saale veranstaltete literaturwissenschaftliche Tagung. Im Zugriff auf Texte u.a. von Lessing, Wieland, Herder, Schiller, Goethe und Moritz problematisieren die Beiträge, wie Denkmuster der Aufklärung im Medium der Literatur sowie des theoretischen Diskurses (Ästhetik) entfaltet und im historischen Konstellationsrahmen der Weimarer Klassik affirmativ aufgenommen, polemisch revidiert und konstruktiv weitergeführt werden. Der diskursive Dialog zwischen Aufklärung und Weimarer Klassik gewinnt seine epochenübergreifende Brisanz sowohl durch das programmatische Innovationsbestreben der Klassiker, als auch durch das vielfältig variierte Anschlussbedürfnis der einzelnen Autoren an die Erfolgsepoche Aufklärung. The epochs of Enlightenment and Weimar Classicism as constructs of literary studies have become problematic. The literary discourse itself reveals phenomena of simultaneity which questions the typical ideal configuration of heterogeneous epochal structures. Using texts by Lessing, Wieland, Herder, Schiller, Goethe, and Moritz, the authors analyze how Enlightenment patterns of thought are developed both in literature and theoretical discourse (aesthetics). Andre Rudolphund Ernst Stöckmann, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg.
Keywords: Disziplin -
(2009): Geschlecht und Interaktionskontext als Bedingungen sozialer Unsicherheit bei Kindern. In: KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 18 (1), S. 6-12. DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403.18.1.6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403.18.1.6 Abstract: Based on the process model of social unassertiveness, sex of children in the context of interaction is studied. Are girls more unassertive than boys in situations that require them to take over leadership? For situations demanding communication of feelings, we expect more unassertiveness in opposite-sex interactions. We studied 357 children aged 10 to 15 years using a questionnaire. More unassertiveness was reported for situations which demand that feelings be communicated than in situations which demand that leadership be assumed. Girls were more unassertive in taking over leadership compared to boys. In situations demanding communication of feelings, more unassertiveness was reported for opposite-sex interactions than for same-sex interactions. Moreover, there was a three-way interaction of social unassertiveness depending on age, sex, and context of interaction. The research method used in this study has allowed us to show that age, sex, and mode of interaction are con ditions of social unassertiveness in different situations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 5
-
Schmid, Hans Bernhard; Schweikard, David P. (Hg.) (2009): Kollektive Intentionalität. Eine Debatte über die Grundlagen des Sozialen. 1. Aufl.. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch Wissenschaft)
-
(2009): Give a person power and he or she will show interpersonal sensitivity. The phenomenon and its why and when. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 97 (5), S. 835-850. DOI: 10.1037/a0016234
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19857005 Abstract: The goal of the present research was to investigate whether high or low power leads to more interpersonal sensitivity and what potentially mediates and moderates this effect. In Study 1, 76 participants in either a high- or low-power position interacted; in Study 2, 134 participants were implicitly primed with either high- or low-power or neutral words; and in Study 3, 96 participants were asked to remember a situation in which they felt high or low power (plus a control condition). In Study 4, 157 participants were told to identify with either an egoistic, empathic, or neutral leadership style. In all studies, interpersonal sensitivity, defined as correctly assessing other people, was then measured using different instruments in each study. Consistently, high power resulted in more interpersonal sensitivity than low power. Feeling respected and proud was partially responsible for this effect. Empathic power as a personality trait was related to more interpersonal sensitivity, and high-power individuals who adopted an empathic instead of an egoistic leadership style were more interpersonally sensitive. zitiert von 215
-
(2009): Stress prompts habit behavior in humans. In: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 29 (22), S. 7191-7198. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0979-09.2009
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19494141 Abstract: Instrumental behavior can be controlled by goal-directed action-outcome and habitual stimulus-response processes that are supported by anatomically distinct brain systems. Based on previous findings showing that stress modulates the interaction of "cognitive" and "habit" memory systems, we asked in the presented study whether stress may coordinate goal-directed and habit processes in instrumental learning. For this purpose, participants were exposed to stress (socially evaluated cold pressor test) or a control condition before they were trained to perform two instrumental actions that were associated with two distinct food outcomes. After training, one of these food outcomes was selectively devalued as subjects were saturated with that food. Next, subjects were presented the two instrumental actions in extinction. Stress before training in the instrumental task rendered participants' behavior insensitive to the change in the value of the food outcomes, that is stress led to habit performance. Moreover, stress reduced subjects' explicit knowledge of the action-outcome contingencies. These results demonstrate for the first time that stress promotes habits at the expense of goal-directed performance in humans. zitiert von 319
Keywords: Analysis of Variance, Blood Pressure/physiology, Conditioning, Operant/physiology, Emotions, Extinction, Psychological/physiology, Female, Goals, Habits, Humans, Hydrocortisone/metabolism, Learning, Male, MEMORY, Neurowissenschaften, Operant Conditioning, performance, Probability, Psychomotor Performance/physiology, Saliva/metabolism, Satiation/physiology, Reinforcement (Psychology), Stress, Stress, Psychological/physiopathology, Young Adult -
Schweer, Martin K. W. (2009): Sex and gender. Interdisziplinäre Beiträge zu einer gesellschaftlichen Konstruktion. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang (Psychologie und Gesellschaft)
-
(2009): Looking forward to sociable robots. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 1 (3), S. 249-260. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-009-0021-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-009-0021-7 Abstract: This work examines humanoid social robots in Japan and the North America with a view to comparing and contrasting the projects cross culturally. In North America, I look at the work of Cynthia Breazeal at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and her sociable robot project: Kismet. In Japan, at the Osaka University, I consider the project of Hiroshi Ishiguro: Repliée-Q2. I first distinguish between utilitarian and affective social robots. Then, drawing on published works of Breazeal and Ishiguro I examine the proposed vision of each project. Next, I examine specific characteristics (embodied and social intelligence, morphology and aesthetics, and moral equivalence) of Kismet and Repliee with a view to comparing the underlying concepts associated with each. These features are in turn connected to the societal preconditions of robots generally. Specifically, the role that history of robots, theology/spirituality, and popular culture plays in the reception and attitude toward robots is considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Aesthetics, Cross Cultural Differences, embodied intelligence, humanoid sociable robots, Intelligence, Kulturforschung/ kulturelle Unterschiede, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Roboter-Interaktion, Mensch-Technik-Relation, moral equivalence, Morality, morphology, Robotics, Social intelligence, social interaction, Soziale Intelligenz -
Shennan, Stephen (2009): Pattern and Process in Cultural Evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press. Online verfügbar unter http://gbv.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=922908
Abstract: This volume offers an integrative approach to the application of evolutionary theory in studies of cultural transmission and social evolution and reveals the enormous range of ways in which Darwinian ideas can lead to productive empirical research, the touchstone of any worthwhile theoretical perspective. While many recent works on cultural evolution adopt a specific theoretical framework, such as dual inheritance theory or human behavioral ecology, Pattern and Process in Cultural Evolution emphasizes empirical analysis and includes authors who employ a range of backgrounds and methods to address aspects of culture from an evolutionary perspective. Editor Stephen Shennan has assembled archaeologists, evolutionary theorists, and ethnographers, whose essays cover a broad range of time periods, localities, cultural groups, and artifacts.
Keywords: Youssef, Ramy -
Sierra, Carles; Castelfranchi, Cristiano (Hg.) (2009): Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multimagent Systems. May 10-15, 2009, Budapest, Hungary. Richland, S.C.: International Foundation for Autonomous Agent and Multiagent Systems (ACM conference proceedings series)
-
(2009): Differential roles of fairness- and compassion-based motivations for cooperation, defection, and punishment. In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1167, S. 41-50. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04733.x
DOI: http://www.nyas.org/annals/index.asp Abstract: The present paper briefly describes and contrasts two different motivations crucially involved in decision making and cooperation, namely fairness-based and compassion-based motivation. Whereas both can lead to cooperation in comparable social situations, we suggest that they are driven by fundamentally different mechanisms and, overall, predict different behavioral outcomes. First, we provide a brief definition of each and discuss the relevant behavioral and neuroscientific literature with regards to cooperation in the context of economic games. We suggest that, whereas both fairness- and compassion-based motivation can support cooperation, fairness-based motivation leads to punishment in cases of norm violation, while compassion-based motivation can, in cases of defection, counteract a desire for revenge and buffer the decline into iterative noncooperation. However, those with compassion-based motivation alone may get exploited. Finally, we argue that the affective states underlying fairness-based and compassion-based motivation are fundamentally different, the former driven by anger or fear of being punished and the latter by a wish for the other person's well-being.
-
(2009): Exploring the “Lost and Found” of Justice Theory and Research. In: Social Justice Research 22 (1), S. 98-116. DOI: 10.1007/s11211-009-0089-0
Abstract: Scientific interest in the nature of how people think about justice and fairness began approximately 70 years ago with Stouffer's classic study on the American soldier. Since then there have been numerous theoretical frameworks and thousands of research studies conducted on what people perceive as fair and the consequences of making a fairness judgment. The goal of this article is to dig through the "lost and found" box of justice research in an attempt to re-examine where we have been, issues and ideas we may have forgotten, and to gain insight on directions we may want to go in the future. The key rediscovery of this review is that perspective matters. Specifically, how people interpret fairness depends critically on whether they are viewing a situation in terms of their material, social, or moral needs and goals. The implications of adopting a contingent theory of how people reason about fairness are discussed.
-
(2009): A strange hand. On self-recognition and recognition of another. In: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 8 (3), S. 321-342. DOI: 10.1007/s11097-009-9127-5
Abstract: This article provides a phenomenological analysis of the difference between self-recognition and recognition of another, while referring to some contemporary neuroscientific studies on the rubber hand illusion. It examines the difference between these two forms of recognition on the basis of Husserl's and Merleau-Ponty's work. It argues that both phenomenologies, despite their different views on inter-subjectivity, allow for the specificity of recognition of another. In explaining self-recognition, however, Husserl's account seems less convincing. Research concerning the rubber hand illusion has confirmed that self-recognition involves more than an immediate experience of oneself. Merleau-Ponty's later work, describing self-recognition as the result of assimilative identification, will be used to explain the possibility of illusion between one's "hereness" and "thereness". The possibility of this illusion is inherent to self-recognition, while it is lacking in recognition of another.
Keywords: Anderkennung des Anderen, Anerkennung, Anerkennung des Selbst und des Anderen (Phänomenologie), Disziplin, Erkenntnistheorie, Favoriten, Husserl, IDENTIFICATION, Konstitutionen des Selbst (Anerkennung), Merleau-Ponty, Mirror image, Modelle/Theorien, Ontologie, Phänomenologie, Philosophie, RECOGNITION, Recognition of another, Rubber hand illusion, Selbst, Selbst-Anerkennung, Self-recognition, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sozialphilosophie -
(2009): The Face of Need. Facial Emotion Expression on Charity Advertisements. In: Journal of Marketing Research 46 (6), S. 777-787. DOI: 10.1509/jmkr.46.6.777
Abstract: Advertisements for charities often display photographs of the people they help to evoke the kind of sympathy that engenders giving. This article examines how the expression of emotion on a victim's face affects both sympathy and giving. Building on theories of emotional contagion and sympathy, the authors propose that (1) people "catch" the emotions displayed on a victim's face and (2) they are particularly sympathetic and likely to donate when they see sad expressions versus happy or neutral expressions. Consistent with emotional contagion, participants felt sadder when viewing a sad-faced victim, and their own sadness mediated the effect of emotion expression on sympathy. Contagion effects are automatic and noninferential, but they are diminished by deliberative thought. The authors discuss the implications of using subtle emotional expressions on charitable and other marketing appeals.
-
(2009): Angry, guilty, and conflicted: Injustice toward coworkers heightens emotional labor through cognitive and emotional mechanisms. In: Journal of Applied Psychology 94 (2), S. 429-444. DOI: 10.1037/a0013804
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013804 Abstract: This study drew on fairness theory and affective events theory to explain why individuals' emotional labor is impacted by injustice extended toward coworkers by their customers. Pairs of participants worked side by side as customer-service representatives for a simulated organization. They interacted with fair/unfair customers as well as observed face-to-face service encounters between their coworker and fair/unfair customers. Results indicated that participants' emotional labor increased both as a result of unfairness directed toward themselves as well as toward their coworkers. These effects were mediated by both discrete emotions and fairness-related counterfactual thinking and were significant even when the participants themselves had been treated fairly.
-
(2009): Hume and the Question of Good Manners. In: Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics 46 (1), S. 29-48
Abstract: The question of manners is important in David Hume's examination of human nature primarily because of the weight he assigns to the so-called 'social virtues'. Man is, for Hume, a being that naturally tends to form societies, and the study of human nature is, after all, the study of human sociability, which finds its expression in manners. The present paper shows Hume as a participant in the seventeenth and eighteenth-century discussion about the concept of politeness, a concept which oscillated between the domain of manners and morals and the domain of art. The examination of Hume's ideal of polite manners illustrates the way his classicist taste pervaded the appreciation both of works of art and of social comportment.
-
(2009): From autonomy to heteronomy (and back). The enaction of social life. In: Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 8 (4), S. 527-550. DOI: 10.1007/s11097-009-9139-1
Abstract: The term "social cognition" can be construed in different ways. On the one hand, it can refer to the cognitive faculties involved in social activities, defined simply as situations where two or more individuals interact. On this view, social systems would consist of interactions between autonomous individuals; these interactions form higher-level autonomous domains not reducible to individual actions. A contrasting, alternative view is based on a much stronger theoretical definition of a truly social domain, which is always defined by a set of structural norms; moreover, these social structures are not only a set of constraints, but actually constitute the possibility of enacting worlds that would just not exist without them. This view emphasises the heteronomy of individuals who abide by norms that are impersonal, culturally inherited and to a large extent independent of the individuals. Human beings are socialised through and through; consequently, all human cognition is social cognition. The article argues for this second position. Finally, it appears that fully blown autonomy actually requires heteronomy. It is the acceptance of the constraints of social structures that enables individuals to enter new realms of common meaningfulness. The emergence of social life marks a crucial step in the evolution of cognition; so that at some evolutionary point human cognition cannot but be social cognition.
Keywords: autonomy, cognition,, Disziplin, Interaction, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, Kultur, kultureller Zusammenhang, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Normativität, Normen, Philosophie, Social Cognition, social learning, social systems, Sozialisierung, Sozialverhalten, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten