Alle Publikationen
2019
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(2019) : An Exploratory Study on Proxemics Preferences of Humans in Accordance with Attributes of Service Robots: 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN): New Delhi, India: IEEE, S. 1-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956297 Abstract: Service robots that possess social interactive capabilities are vital to cater to the demand in emerging domains of robotic applications. A service robot frequently needs to interact with users when performing service tasks. The comfortability of users depends on the human-robot proxemics during these interactions. Hence, a service robot should be capable of maintaining proper proxemics that improves the comfort of users. The proxemics preferences of users might depend on diverse attributes of a robot, such as emotional state, noise level, and physical appearance. Therefore, it is vital to gain a better understanding of a robot's attributes which influence human-robot proxemics behavior. This paper contributes to an exploratory study to analyze the effects on human-robot proxemics preferences due to a robot's attributes; facial and vocal emotions, level of internal noises, and the physical appearance. Four sub-studies have been conducted to gather the required human-robot proxemics data. The gathered data have been analyzed through statistical tests. The test statistics reveal that facial and vocal emotions, internal noise level, and the physical appearance of a robot have significant effects on proxemics preferences of humans. The outcomes of this exploratory study would be useful in designing and developing human-robot proxemics strategies of a service robot that would enhance social interaction.
Keywords: emotion & social robotics, Human Factors, human-robot interaction, human-robot proxemics behavior, human-robot proxemics data, human-robot proxemics preferences, human-robot proxemics strategies, ieee xplore, Proxemics, robotic applications, service robot, service robotic, Social robotic, statistical testing, statistical tests -
(2019): On Proactive, Transparent, and Verifiable Ethical Reasoning for Robots. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 107 (3), S. 541-561. DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2019.2898267
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2019.2898267 Abstract: Previous work on ethical machine reasoning has largely been theoretical, and where such systems have been implemented, it has, in general, been only initial proofs of principle. Here, we address the question of desirable attributes for such systems to improve their real world utility, and how controllers with these attributes might be implemented. We propose that ethically critical machine reasoning should be proactive, transparent, and verifiable. We describe an architecture where the ethical reasoning is handled by a separate layer, augmenting a typical layered control architecture, ethically moderating the robot actions. It makes use of a simulation-based internal model and supports proactive, transparent, and verifiable ethical reasoning. To do so, the reasoning component of the ethical layer uses our Python-based belief-desire-intention (BDI) implementation. The declarative logic structure of BDI facilitates both transparency, through logging of the reasoning cycle, and formal verification methods. To prove the principles of our approach, we use a case study implementation to experimentally demonstrate its operation. Importantly, it is the first such robot controller where the ethical machine reasoning has been formally verified.
Keywords: BDI implementation, belief desire intention implementation, control engineering computing, Design methodology, ethical machine reasoning, ethical reasoning, Ethics, formal verification, ieee xplore, intelligent robots, layered control architecture, learning (artificial intelligence), machine learning, Moral & Ethik, Predictive models, Python, robot controller, robot programming, Robots, safety, simulation-based internal model, Social implications of technology, software architecture, transparency -
(2019) : Adaptive Sampling for Human-aware Path Planning in Dynamic Environments: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO): 2019 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO): Dali, China: IEEE, S. 1987-1994
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBIO49542.2019.8961811 Abstract: Nowadays, robots are increasingly used in densely populated dynamic environments. Robots not only need to complete the navigation tasks quickly, but also need to take into account the human trajectories and the constraints of social rules. In order to avoid the robot going into the crowed areas and improve robot acceptance in the crowded public environment, we propose a human-aware motion planning algorithm that is based on sampling method. Firstly, human will be annoyed and stressed if robots disturb them during operation. To alleviate this uncomfort brought by the robot, we use probabilistic representations to build the Human Domain Zone (HDZ) of individual or crowd behaviors. Besides, we propose a sampling strategy that is capable of biasing the sampling in the area where human feel comfortable or crowd is sparse. Moreover, we put forward an evaluation function to select the optimum trajectory. This function can avoid robot falling into the crowded area through VDM which is used to model the relationship between human and robot. The proposed approach is verified with extensive experiments in simulated environments. The results show that our method has the promising performance in crowded environment. It can also generate a smooth path with higher success rate
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(2019): A Personalized and Platform-Independent Behavior Control System for Social Robots in Therapy: Development and Applications. In: IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems 11 (3), S. 334-346. DOI: 10.1109/TCDS.2018.2795343
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCDS.2018.2795343 Abstract: Social robots have been proven beneficial in different types of healthcare interventions. An ongoing trend is to develop (semi-)autonomous socially assistive robotic systems in healthcare context to improve the level of autonomy and reduce human workload. This paper presents a behavior control system for social robots in therapies with a focus on personalization and platform-independence. This system architecture provides the robot an ability to behave as a personable character, which behaviors are adapted to user profiles and responses during the human-robot interaction. Robot behaviors are designed at abstract levels and can be transferred to different social robot platforms. We adopt the component-based software engineering approach to implement our proposed architecture to allow for the replaceability and reusability of the developed components. We introduce three different experimental scenarios to validate the usability of our system. Results show that the system is potentially applicable to different therapies and social robots. With the component-based approach, the system can serve as a basic framework for researchers to customize and expand the system for their targeted healthcare applications.
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(2019) : Equipping social robots with culturally-sensitive facial expressions of emotion using data-driven methods: 2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2019): 2019 14th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition (FG 2019): Lille. France: IEEE, S. 1-8
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/FG.2019.8756570 Abstract: Social robots must be able to generate realistic and recognizable facial expressions to engage their human users. Many social robots are equipped with standardized facial expressions of emotion that are widely considered to be universally recognized across all cultures. However, mounting evidence shows that these facial expressions are not universally recognized - for example, they elicit significantly lower recognition accuracy in East Asian cultures than they do in Western cultures. Therefore, without culturally sensitive facial expressions, state-of-the-art social robots are restricted in their ability to engage a culturally diverse range of human users, which in turn limits their global marketability. To develop culturally sensitive facial expressions, novel data-driven methods are used to model the dynamic face movement patterns that convey basic emotions (e.g., happy, sad, anger) in a given culture using cultural perception. Here, we tested whether such dynamic facial expression models, derived in an East Asian culture and transferred to a popular social robot, improved the social signalling generation capabilities of the social robot with East Asian participants. Results showed that, compared to the social robot's existing set of facial `universal' expressions, the culturally-sensitive facial expression models are recognized with generally higher accuracy and judged as more human-like by East Asian participants. We also detail the specific dynamic face movements (Action Units) that are associated with high recognition accuracy and judgments of human-likeness, including those that further boost performance. Our results therefore demonstrate the utility of using data-driven methods that employ human cultural perception to derive culturally-sensitive facial expressions that improve the social face signal generation capabilities of social robots. We anticipate that these methods will continue to inform the design of social robots and broaden their usability and global marketability.
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(2019): Interactional Moral Systems: A Model of Social Mechanisms for the Moral Regulation of Exchange Processes in Agent Societies. In: IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems 6 (4), S. 778-796. DOI: 10.1109/TCSS.2019.2926950
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2019.2926950 Abstract: In this paper, we first introduce the concepts of moral agent and moral system of agent society and, in particular, the central concept of moral agent sensible to moral sanction. Next, we introduce the concepts of moral gain and moral loss in social exchanges and of reputation-based persistence of exchange processes. Following, we elaborate the notion of negotiated moral regulation of reputation-based persistent exchange processes. Finally, we combine those concepts in the notion of a reputation-based mechanism for the negotiation-driven moral regulation of exchange processes of agents that are sensible to moral sanctions.
Keywords: Agent societies, agent society, Avatars, Computational modeling, Ethics, ieee xplore, interactional moral systems, Law, Moral & Ethik, moral agent, moral gain, moral loss, moral regulation of social exchanges, moral sanction, Morality, multi-agent systems, negotiation-driven moral regulation, reputation-based mechanism, reputation-based persistence, reputation-based persistent exchange processes, Robots, social exchanges, social mechanisms, Social Processes -
(2019) : Robots in Need: Acquiring Assistance with Emotion: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 706-708
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673081 Abstract: There will always be occasions where robots require assistance from humans. Understanding what motivates people to help a robot, and what effect this interaction has on an individual will be essential in successfully integrating robots into our society. Emotions are important in motivating prosocial behavior between people, and therefore may also play a large role in human-robot interaction. This research explores the role of emotion in motivating people to help a robot and some of the ethical issues that arise as a result, with the ultimate aim of developing suitable methods for robots to interact with humans to acquire assistance.
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(2019) : Social Robots in Therapy and Care: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 669-670
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673243 Abstract: The Social Robots in Therapy workshop series aims at advancing research topics related to the use of robots in the contexts of Social Care and Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT). Robots in social care and therapy have been a long time promise in HRI as they have the opportunity to improve patients life significantly. Multiple challenges have to be addressed for this, such as building platforms that work in proximity with patients, therapists and health-care professionals; understanding user needs; developing adaptive and autonomous robot interactions; and addressing ethical questions regarding the use of robots with a vulnerable population. The full-day workshop follows last year’s edition which centered on how social robots can improve health-care interventions, how increasing the degree of autonomy of the robots might affect therapies, and how to overcome the ethical challenges inherent to the use of robot assisted technologies. This 2nd edition of the workshop will be focused on the importance of equipping social robots with socio-emotional intelligence and the ability to perform meaningful and personalized interactions. This workshop aims to bring together researchers and industry experts in the fields of Human-Robot Interaction, Machine Learning and Robots in Health and Social Care. It will be an opportunity for all to share and discuss ideas, strategies and findings to guide the design and development of robot-assisted systems for therapy and social care implementations that can provide personalize, natural, engaging and autonomous interactions with patients (and health-care providers).
Keywords: Adaptive Behaviors, adaptive robot interactions, autonomous robot interactions, biomedical education, Conferences, ethical aspects, Health Care, health-care interventions, health-care professionals, health-care providers, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, medical robotics, Medical treatment, Mobile robots, Moral & Ethik, patient treatment, Personalized Behaviors, Radio access technologies, robot assisted technologies, Robot kinematics, robot-assisted systems, robot-assisted therapy, Robots in Therapy, service robot, social care implementations, Social intelligence, social robots, Supervised Autonomy -
(2019): Robot Rights. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/book/8555421, zuletzt geprüft am 02.10.2019Keywords: ieee xplore, Moral & Ethik
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(2019) : The Dark Side of Human-Robot Interaction: Ethical Considerations and Community Guidelines for the Field of HRI: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 689-690
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673184 Abstract: The HRI community is working to develop interactive robots for a wide variety of pro-social tasks and ideals. As such we naturally focus on the positive side of HRI including how robots and humans may collaborate and the benefits of doing so. This workshop, in contrast, will focus on the dark side of HRI with the goal of identifying, understanding and guarding against the potential negative consequences of interactive robots. The primary objective of the workshop is to articulate and discuss the most pertinent ethical issues facing the HRI community and to develop a set of common community guidelines.
Keywords: common community guidelines, Conferences, Consumer Protection, Data Protection, ethical aspects, ethical considerations, Ethics, GUIDELINES, HRI community, human-robot interaction, Humans, ideals, ieee xplore, interactive robots, Law, Moral & Ethik, Persuasive Robots, pertinent ethical issues, pro-social tasks, PSYCHOLOGY, Robot Ethics, Robot sensing systems, workshop -
(2019) : Beyond Programming: Can Robots’ Norm-Violating Actions Elicit Mental State Attributions?: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 530-531
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673293 Abstract: Social perceivers often view a human agent’s norm-violating behavior as diagnostic of that person’s mental states, while behaviors that conform to norms are viewed as less informative. We developed a series of stimulus videos depicting a DRC-HUBO robot engaging in norm-violating and norm-conforming behaviors. We explored the hypothesis that robots’ norm-violating actions may invite social perceivers to increase their mental state attributions in a similar manner as they do in humans. Surprisingly, we found that norm-conforming behaviors appear to be at least as conducive as norm-violating behaviors, and perhaps even moreso, to mental state attribution to robotic agents.
Keywords: action explanation, actions elicit mental state attributions, agency, Artificial intelligence, behavioural sciences computing, Cognition, control engineering computing, DRC-HUBO, DRC-HUBO robot, human agent norm-violating behavior, Humanoid Robots, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mobile robots, multi-agent systems, norms, PSYCHOLOGY, robot programming, robotic agents, social perceivers, theory of mind, Videos -
(2019) : Cuteness as a ‘Dark Pattern’ in Home Robots: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 374-381
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673274 Abstract: Dark patterns are a recent phenomenon in the field of interaction design, where design patterns and behavioral psychology are deployed in ways that deceive the user. However, the current corpus of dark patterns literature focuses largely on screen-based digital interactions and should be expanded to include home robots. In this paper, we apply the concept of dark patterns to the ‘cute’ aesthetic of home robots and suggest that their design constitutes a dark pattern in HRI by (1) emphasizing short-term gains over long-term decisions; (2) depriving users of some degree of conscious agency at the site of interaction; and (3) creating an affective response in the user for the purpose of collecting emotional data. This exploratory paper expands the current library of dark patterns and their application to new technological interfaces into the domain of home robotics in order to establish the grounds for an ethical design practice in HRI.
Keywords: Affect, dark patterns, data ethics, Data privacy, Design, design patterns, emotion, emotion recognition, ethical aspects, ethical design practice, Ethics, Home computing, home robots, HRI, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Interaction, Moral & Ethik, privacy, PSYCHOLOGY, Robot sensing systems, Software, surveillance capitalism, user experience design -
(2019) : Usability Testing and Requirements Analysis of Service Robot: 2019 11th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC): 2019 11th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC): Hangzhou, China: IEEE, S. 225-228
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IHMSC.2019.00059 Abstract: The user experience of human-robot interaction (HRI) has become more and more important, and the HRI evaluation of service robots has become an indispensable research topic. This paper proposes that besides the commonly used usability testing, emotional factors should be considered. The emotional response of users when using robot products should be measured. The paper also describes that, based on the results of usability testing and emotion measurement, the Kano model can be referred to analyze the requirements to determine the requirements which users concern most, which attract users, and which users think the product must have. Finally, we conduct a usability testing and requirements analysis of a test service robot Alpha 2 as an example.
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(2019) : BayMax: A Smart Healthcare System Provide Services to Millennials Using Machine Learning Technique: 2019 International Conference on Smart Structures and Systems (ICSSS): 2019 International Conference on Smart Structures and Systems (ICSSS): Chennai, India: IEEE, S. 1-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSS.2019.8882844 Abstract: Health is the utmost importance to any human being. To take care of oneself in this busty world we need some assistance. The world is revolving with smart technologies so we need a smart health care assistance that tracks one's activities, moods and suggest precautious actions when required. The primary objective of this product is to be time efficient along with being as an easily accesses able personal health assistant. To build a cost efficient personal assistance with good quality, monitoring of the messages from user is necessary. At present they are managed in an impromptu way. The paper will put forward the use of a Personal assistance chatbot to handle the messages from users and collectively provide the appropriate answers to it. A model has been proposed to enumerate precautions for the health related issues.
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(2019) : Computational Tools for Human-Robot Interaction Design: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 733-735
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673221 Abstract: Robots must exercise socially appropriate behavior when interacting with humans. How can we assist interaction designers to embed socially appropriate and avoid socially inappropriate behavior within human-robot interactions? We propose a multi-faceted interaction-design approach that intersects human-robot interaction and formal methods to help us achieve this goal. At the lowest level, designers create interactions from scratch and receive feedback from formal verification, while higher levels involve automated synthesis and repair of designs. In this extended abstract, we discuss past, present, and future work within each level of our design approach.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), automated synthesis, computational tools, Design methodology, Electric breakdown, Formal Methods, formal verification, human-robot interaction, human-robot interaction design, ieee xplore, Interaction Design, interaction designers, Maintenance engineering, multifaceted interaction-design approach, Programming, Robots, socially appropriate behavior, Task Analysis -
(2019) : Good Robot Design or Machiavellian? An In-the-Wild Robot Leveraging Minimal Knowledge of Passersby’s Culture: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 382-391
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673326 Abstract: Social robots are being designed to use human-like communication techniques, including body language, social signals, and empathy, to work effectively with people. Just as between people, some robots learn about people and adapt to them. In this paper we present one such robot design: we developed Sam, a robot that learns minimal information about a person’s background, and adapts to this background. Our in-the-wild study found that people helped Sam for significantly longer when it adapted to match their background. While initially we saw this as a success, in re-considering our study we started seeing a different angle. Our robot effectively deceived people (changed its story and text), based on some knowledge of their background, to get more work from them. There was little direct benefit to the person from this adaptation, yet the robot stood to gain free labor. We would like to pose the question to the community: is this simply good robot design, or, is our robot being manipulative? Where does the ethical line lay between a robot leveraging social techniques to improve interaction, and the more negative framing of a robot or algorithm taking advantage of people? How can we decide what is good here, and what is less desirable?
Keywords: Body language, Cultural differences, Culture, Ethics, Global communication, human-like communication techniques, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, in the wild, in-the-wild robot, learning (artificial intelligence), minimal information, Mobile robots, Mood, Moral & Ethik, passersby culture, Persuasive Robots, robot design, Robots, Sam, Shape, social robots, Social signals, social techniques, Task Analysis -
(2019): Proactive Robots With the Perception of Nonverbal Human Behavior: A Review. In: IEEE Access 7, S. 77308-77327. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2921986
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2921986 Abstract: Intelligent robot companions contribute significantly in improving living standards in the modern society. Therefore, human-like decision making skills are sought after during the design of such robots. On the one hand, such features enable the robot to be easily handled by its non-expert human user. On the other hand, the robot will have the capability of dealing with humans without causing any disturbance by the robot's behavior. Mimicing human emotional intelligence is one of the best and reasonable ways of laying the foundation for robotic emotional intelligence. As robots are widely deployed in social environments, perception of the situation or intentions of a user prior to an interaction is required to be proactive. Proactive robots are required to understand what is communicated by the human body language prior to approaching a human. Social constraints in an interaction could be demolished by this assessment in this regard. In this review, we incorporate various findings of human-robot interaction, social robotics and psychophysiology to assess intelligent systems which were capable of evaluating the emotional state of humans prior to an interaction. Second, we identify the cues and evaluation techniques that were utilized by such intelligent agents to simulate and evaluate the suitability of a proactive interaction. Available literature has been evaluated to distinguish limitations of existing methods and suggest possible improvements. These limitations, guiding principles to be adhered to and suggested improvements, are presented as an outcome of the review.
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(2019) : User Experience for Social Human-Robot Interactions: 2019 Amity International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AICAI): Dubai, United Arab Emirates: IEEE, S. 32-36
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/AICAI.2019.8701332 Abstract: A significant threat social robots often faces is that their integration in real social, human environments will dehumanise some of the roles currently being played by the humans. This perception implicitly overestimates the social skills of the robots, which despite being continually upgraded, are still far from being able to dominate humans entirely. It also reflects loosely fears that robots may overcome humans in the near future and impact on the need to employ humans. This paper aims to address the role and relevance of user experience of socially interactive robots, separating several issues related to the evaluation of social human-robot interaction and then more specifically how this should be considered in developing countries where socially interactive robots are viewed with resistance and apprehension.
Keywords: Developing Countries, human environments, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mobile robots, Robot sensing systems, service robot, Social Environments, social human-robot interaction, social robots, Social Skills, socially interactive robots, User acceptance, user experience -
(2019) : Seeing Like a Rover: Team Work and Human-Robot Relations: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673224 Abstract: How do you work with a robot millions of miles away to make scientific discoveries on a planet you've never set foot on? Although much work in human-robot interaction describes the meaningful relationships that humans forge with their robots in one-on-one encounters, when robots venture into places where humans cannot go - in search and rescue operations, ocean voyages, or even into space - they do so as part of a large human team. Decisions about what the robot should do and where it should go are therefore the result of large group interactions instead of individual human cognition: the realm of organizational sociology. This talk draws on over a decade of ethnography with NASA's robotic spacecraft missions, specifically focusing on the Mars Exploration Rover mission. Going behind the scenes of the mission, I show the meaning-making, emotional connections, and embodied synergy that scientists develop as they work with their robots millions of miles away on a daily basis. This begins by learning to see through the robots' “eyes” on another planet, yet the peculiar social arrangement of mission work produces a deeper connection to the robot explorers too: one that is no doubt responsible for the extraordinary success and unexpected longevity of the mission team. Studying robotic spacecraft teams demonstrates how humans build a particular and peculiar empathy with their robotic colleagues that goes beyond anthropomorphism. Instead, this case points to the many and unusual ways in which organizations participate in our interactions with, understanding of, and ultimately care for the robots we work with in everyday life.
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(2019) : Towards Virtual Agents for Supporting Appropriate Small Group Behaviors in Educational Contexts: 2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games): 2019 11th International Conference on Virtual Worlds and Games for Serious Applications (VS-Games): Hangzhou, China: IEEE, S. 1-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/VS-Games.2019.8864528 Abstract: Verbal and non-verbal behaviors that we use in order to effectively communicate with other people are vital for our success in our daily lives. Despite the importance of social skills, creating standardized methods for training them and supporting their training is challenging. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) may have a good potential to support social and emotional learning (SEL) through virtual social demonstration games. This paper presents initial work involving the design of a pedagogical scenario to facilitate teaching of socially appropriate and inappropriate behaviors when entering and standing in a small group of people, a common occurrence in collaborative social situations. This is achieved through the use of virtual characters and, initially, virtual reality (VR) environments for supporting situated learning in multiple contexts. We describe work done thus far on the demonstrator scenario and anticipated potentials, pitfalls and challenges involved in the approach.
Keywords: Collaboration, collaborative social situations, computer aided instruction, Demonstration Games, educational contexts, emotional & politeness, Games, ieee xplore, Information and communication technology, information and communications technology, nonverbal behaviors, Politeness, serious games (computing), small group behaviors, Small Groups, Social & Emotional Learning, social and emotional learning, Social robotic, Software agents, Task Analysis, Teaching, Training, Verbal Behavior, virtual agents, Virtual characters, Virtual reality, virtual social demonstration games 2018
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(2018): Ethics for Robots as Experimental Technologies: Pairing Anticipation with Exploration to Evaluate the Social Impact of Robotics. In: IEEE Robotics Automation Magazine 25 (1), S. 30-36. DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2017.2781543
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MRA.2017.2781543 Abstract: The evaluation of the societal impact of autonomous technologies, particularly robotics, has grown in technological contexts (e.g., see [14] and the IEEE Global Initiative for Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems [20]), as well as broader political contexts (e.g., see the 2017 European Parliament report regarding civil law rules on robotics [21]). In this article, we adopt the perspective that conceptualizes new technologies as social experiments, stressing their experimental character to deal with the inherent uncertainty that affects their behavior. We suggest that the kind of experiments performed when evaluating robots in specific contexts of use are explorative experiments, i.e., investigations carried out in the absence of a proper theory or theoretical background that diverge from the traditional notion of controlled experiments. Considering this epistemological shift, we apply the ethical framework proposed by van de Poel for experimental technologies to the case of robotics, and we discuss its implications on the design of robots. To make our discussion more concrete, we reference the field of robots for search and rescue, which offers a challenging opportunity to test socioethical approaches to the development of robots and their interactions with environments and humans.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, autonomous robots, autonomous technologies, ethical aspects, Ethics, experimental technologies, ieee xplore, Künstliche Intelligenz, Law, Monitoring, Politics, Robotics, Robots, service robot, social aspects of automation, Social implications of technology, technological contexts -
(2018) : Humanoid Robotic Head Teaching a Child with Autism: 2018 3rd International Conference on Circuits, Control, Communication and Computing (I4C): 2018 3rd International Conference on Circuits, Control, Communication and Computing (I4C): Bangalore, India: IEEE, S. 1-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CIMCA.2018.8739603 Abstract: Autism is characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication. It influences how a person demonstrates and collaborates with others, conveys, and learns. Logical and Analytical learning and understanding for a child who is suffering from Autism is a challenging task when it is a robot achieving this application. This paper presents a Human Interaction Robot Head - that can teach the Autistic children to identify digits, alphabets, colours, and performs simple arithmetic operations using Convolution Neural Networks. The algorithms are ported to hardware boards and optimized to ensure synchronization between identification and robot movements for interaction.
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(2018) : Perceived user experience and performance of intelligent personal assistants employed in higher education settings: 2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO): May 21-25, 2018, Opatija, Croatia : proceedings: 2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO): Opatija: 5/21/2018 - 5/25/2018. International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics; Hrvatsko Udruga za Informacijsku i Komunikacijsku Tehnologiju, Elektroniku i Mikroelektroniku; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Međunarodni skup za informacijsku i komunikacijsku tehnologiju, elektroniku i mikroelektroniku; Croatian Society for Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics Convention; MIPRO Convenion; Mipro: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 0830-0834
Abstract: The application of intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) in the educational context is a relatively new paradigm. One of the key features of an intelligent personal assistant is the ability to respond to user voice input through natural language processing. Implementation of intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) in higher education teaching process is associated with the students' adoption and satisfaction with IPAs. With the objective to explore students' experience and performance evaluation of IPAs on their smartphones, an empirical study was carried out. Data was gathered by means of post-use questionnaire after completed predefined scenario of interaction with two IPAs: Google Assistant and Lyra. The analysis of collected data uncovered pros and cons of IPAs perceived by students from two Croatian higher education institutions. Empirical findings are presented, whereas implications for educational ecosystem are briefly discussed.
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(2018) : Tutorial T1A: Assistive Technology for Visually Impaired: Embedded & Vision Solutions: 2018 31st International Conference on VLSI Design and 2018 17th International Conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID): 2018 31st International Conference on VLSI Design and 2018 17th International Conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID): Pune, India: IEEE, S. xxxi-xxxii
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/VLSID.2018.17 Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. Census 2011 classifies more that 5 million people as visually disabled In India. AssisTech (Assistive Technology) group at IIT Delhi aims to develop technological solutions to address their two key challenges; namely independent mobility and access to education. In this tutorial, we will firstly brief about the challenge of mobility and education for visually impaired people. Solutions addressing these challenges could be developed using embedded sensors or with embedded computer vision. Our existing products like SmartCaneTM and OnBoard are embedded system based solutions and are aimed towards facilitating independent mobility. There have been major advances in vision based techniques including possibility of their implementation on low cost embedded platforms. This has encouraged us to visualize a device named MAVI (Mobility Assistant for Visually Impaired). Objective of MAVI is to create a platform that would be able to provide mobility assistance to a visually impaired person in an unstructured infrastructure of developing countries like India. In this tutorial we will discuss specific challenges and various vision techniques used in MAVI to address the requirements of safety, navigation and social inclusion. Designing a complex system like MAVI presents the designer with numerous choices of algorithms as well as platform/hardware resources. We will discuss the challenges in handling system level design complexities and explain our approach towards design space exploration for such systems. Further, we also observe that existing metrics employed in the literature to assess various vision algorithms are inadequate when it comes to complex systems like MAVI. We also propose the need for system level metrics. Finally, we will demonstrate apart from a MAVI prototype, other devices and solutions developed by the AssisTech group.
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(2018) : Embedding Ethics in the Design of Culturally Competent Socially Assistive Robots: 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS): 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS): Madrid: 10/1/2018 - 10/5/2018: Madrid, Spain: IEEE, S. 1996-2001
Abstract: Research focusing on the development of socially assistive robots (SARs) for the care of older adults has grown in recent years, prompting a great deal of ethical analysis and reflection on the future of SARs in caring roles. Much of this ethical thinking, however, has taken place far from the settings where technological innovation is practiced. Different frameworks have been proposed to bridge this gap and enable researchers to handle the ethical dimension of technology from within the design and development process, including Value Sensitive Design (VSD). VSD has been defined as a “theoretically grounded approach to the design of technology that accounts for human values in a principled and comprehensive manner throughout the design process”. Inspired in part by VSD, we have developed a process geared towards embedding ethics at the core of CARESSES, an international multidisciplinary project that aims to design the first culturally competent SAR for the care of older adults. Here we describe that process, which included extracting key ethical concepts from relevant ethical guidelines and applying those concepts to scenarios that describe how the CARESSES robot will interact with individuals belonging to different cultures. This approach highlights the ethical implications of the robot's behavior early in the design process, thus enabling researchers to identify and engage with ethical problems proactively.