Alle Publikationen
- <<
- <
- 1
2017
-
(2017) : Entwicklung als kulturspezifische Lösung universeller Entwicklungsaufgaben In: Rauh, Andreas: Fremdheit und Interkulturalität: Aspekte kultureller Pluralität: Bielefeld: Transcript (Edition Kulturwissenschaft), S. 79-100
Abstract: Ausgehend von einem Verständnis des menschlichen Lebenslaufs als einer Serie universeller Entwicklungsaufgaben wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Rolle kulturelle Modelle dabei spielen. Eingegangen wird auf folgende Punkte: (1) Entwicklung als Zusammenspiel von Gehirn und Umwelt. (2) Kultur und Kontext. (3) Das Bild vom Kind in der westlichen Mittelschicht. (4) Andere kulturabhängige Bilder vom Kind. (5) Entwicklungsaufgaben und kulturspezifische Sozialisationspfade. (6) Kulturelle Organisation von Entwicklungspfaden.
-
(2017) : Culture, Brain, and Behavior In: Tibayrenc, Michel; Ayala, Francisco José (Hg.): On human nature: Biology, psychology, ethics, politics, and religion: Amsterdam; Boston; Heidelberg; London; New York; Oxford; Paris; San Diego; San Francisco; Singapore; Sydney; Tokio: Academic Press an imprint of Elsevier, S. 579-597
Abstract: This chapter discusses the reciprocal development of genes, brain, and culture in shaping significant aspects of social and political behavior. The interaction between biology and culture is mutually reciprocal and intertwined. Processes of neural plasticity allow cultural practices to inform brain development in a profoundly social context just as human imagination and invention can shift cultural practices over time. This chapter outlines work that has examined these interconnections and ways in which future research might study developmental effects to enlighten our understanding of important social and political phenomena, including the emergence and manifestation of mental illness and political polarization.
-
(2017): A lesion model of envy and Schadenfreude. Legal, deservingness and moral dimensions as revealed by neurodegeneration. In: Brain : a journal of neurology 140 (12), S. 3357-3377. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx269
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29112719 Abstract: The study of moral emotions (i.e. Schadenfreude and envy) is critical to understand the ecological complexity of everyday interactions between cognitive, affective, and social cognition processes. Most previous studies in this area have used correlational imaging techniques and framed Schadenfreude and envy as unified and monolithic emotional domains. Here, we profit from a relevant neurodegeneration model to disentangle the brain regions engaged in three dimensions of Schadenfreude and envy: deservingness, morality, and legality. We tested a group of patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), patients with Alzheimer's disease, as a contrastive neurodegeneration model, and healthy controls on a novel task highlighting each of these dimensions in scenarios eliciting Schadenfreude and envy. Compared with the Alzheimer's disease and control groups, patients with bvFTD obtained significantly higher scores on all dimensions for both emotions. Correlational analyses revealed an association between envy and Schadenfreude scores and greater deficits in social cognition, inhibitory control, and behaviour disturbances in bvFTD patients. Brain anatomy findings (restricted to bvFTD and controls) confirmed the partially dissociable nature of the moral emotions' experiences and highlighted the importance of socio-moral brain areas in processing those emotions. In all subjects, an association emerged between Schadenfreude and the ventral striatum, and between envy and the anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, the results supported an association between scores for moral and legal transgression and the morphology of areas implicated in emotional appraisal, including the amygdala and the parahippocampus. By contrast, bvFTD patients exhibited a negative association between increased Schadenfreude and envy across dimensions and critical regions supporting social-value rewards and social-moral processes (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus and precuneus). Together, this study provides lesion-based evidence for the multidimensional nature of the emotional experiences of envy and Schadenfreude. Our results offer new insights into the mechanisms subsuming complex emotions and moral cognition in neurodegeneration. Moreover, this study presents the exacerbation of envy and Schadenfreude as a new potential hallmark of bvFTD that could impact in diagnosis and progression. zitiert von: 3
Keywords: Aged, Alzheimer’s Disease, Amygdala, BRAIN, Case-Control Studies, Diagnostic Imaging, Emotions, Emotionsforschung, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Moral, Morals, Neurowissenschaften, Parietal Lobe, Physiopathology, Prefrontal Cortex, PSYCHOLOGY, Social Behavior, Ventral Striatum -
(2017): Neural substrates of embodied natural beauty and social endowed beauty. An fMRI study. In: Scientific reports 7 (1). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07608-8
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28769082 Abstract: What are the neural mechanisms underlying beauty based on objective parameters and beauty based on subjective social construction? This study scanned participants with fMRI while they performed aesthetic judgments on concrete pictographs and abstract oracle bone scripts. Behavioral results showed both pictographs and oracle bone scripts were judged to be more beautiful when they referred to beautiful objects and positive social meanings, respectively. Imaging results revealed regions associated with perceptual, cognitive, emotional and reward processing were commonly activated both in beautiful judgments of pictographs and oracle bone scripts. Moreover, stronger activations of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and motor-related areas were found in beautiful judgments of pictographs, whereas beautiful judgments of oracle bone scripts were associated with putamen activity, implying stronger aesthetic experience and embodied approaching for beauty were elicited by the pictographs. In contrast, only visual processing areas were activated in the judgments of ugly pictographs and negative oracle bone scripts. Results provide evidence that the sense of beauty is triggered by two processes: one based on the objective parameters of stimuli (embodied natural beauty) and the other based on the subjective social construction (social endowed beauty).
Keywords: ACTIVATION, APPRAISAL, ATTRACTIVENESS, Attraktivität, beauty, Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), BRAIN, CORTEX, Disziplin, Einfluss von ästhetischer Vorprägung/Erziehung, FACES, interdisziplinär, Kulturtheorie, LATERALIZATION, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, PAINTINGS, Psychologie, schönheit, Schönheit/Attraktivität, script, social endowered beauty, sozial konstruiert, soziale Konstruktion, SYMMETRY, VISUAL AESTHETIC PERCEPTION 2015
-
(2015): Wie kommt die Moral in den Kopf?. Von der Werteerziehung zur Persönlichkeitsförderung. Berlin: Springer Spektrum
Abstract: Ausgehend von einer skeptischen Haltung hinsichtlich der Bedeutung von Werten als steuernden Faktoren menschlichen Handelns werden andere, meist unbewusste Motive menschlichen Tuns und Lassens in den Blick genommen. Basierend auf Erkenntnissen aus Gehirnforschung, Psychologie und Soziologie werden Antworten auf folgende Fragen gegeben: Haben schon Tiere Vorformen von Moral? Was passiert im Gehirn, wenn Menschen moralische Entscheidungen treffen? Welche Rolle spielen die Gene und frühkindliche Erfahrungen? Wie werden Kinder zu moralischen Persönlichkeiten? Was tragen Eltern, Kindertagesstätten und Schulen dazu bei? Welche Persönlichkeitsaspekte, Fähigkeiten und Verhaltensneigungen von Kindern begünstigen moralisches Handeln und ein gutes Leben und Zusammenleben? Welche Kompetenzen helfen zur Verwirklichung von Werten wie Gesundheit, Gerechtigkeit, Freiheit oder Solidarität? - Inhalt: (1) Der trügerische Ruf nach Werten: Bestimmen Werte unser Verhalten? (2) Was treibt unser Verhalten wirklich an? (3) Warum lohnt sich der Blick ins Gehirn? (4) Die Persönlichkeit und ihre Werte: Gut für Überraschungen? (5) Wie kultiviert die Gesellschaft Werte und Normen? (6) Kardinaltugenden und Werte: Fälle für das Forschungslabor? (7) Die politischen Werte der Französischen Revolution: Noch aktuell? (8) Und wo bleiben die Werte? (9) Was fördert moralisches Verhalten? (10) Werte und Moral über die Kellertreppe? zitiert von: 3
2014
-
(2014): Experiential effects on mirror systems and social learning. Implications for social intelligence. In: Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (2), S. 217-218. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X1300246X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X1300246X Abstract: Comments on an article by Richard Cook et al. (see record [rid]2014-16775-029[/rid]). Investigations of biases and experiential effects on social learning, social information use, and mirror systems can usefully inform one another. Unconstrained learning is predicted to shape mirror systems when the optimal response to an observed act varies, but constraints may emerge when immediate error-free responses are required and evolutionary or developmental history reliably predicts the optimal response. Given the power of associative learning, such constraints may be rare. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Animal Learning, Animals, Associative Processes, Biological Evolution, BRAIN, genetic adaptation, Genetics, human brain, Humans, Learning, Lerntheorien, mirror neurons, monkey brain, Monkeys, sensorimotor associative learning, Social intelligence, Social Perception, Soziale Intelligenz, Verhaltensforschung 2013
-
(2013): Being and feeling in sync with an adaptive virtual partner. Brain mechanisms underlying dynamic cooperativity. In: Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 23 (11), S. 2592-2600. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs243
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22892422 Abstract: Cooperation is intrinsic to the human ability to work together toward common goals, and depends on sensing and reacting to dynamically changing relationships between coacting partners. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a paradigm in which an adaptive pacing signal simulates a virtual partner, we examined the neural substrates underlying dynamic joint action. A single parameter controlled the degree to which the virtual partner adapted its behavior in relation to participant taps, thus simulating varying degrees of cooperativity. Analyses of fMRI data using objective and subjective measures of synchronization quality found the relative balance of activity in two distinct neural networks to depend on the degree of the virtual partner's adaptivity. At lower degrees of adaptivity, when the virtual partner was easier to synchronize with, cortical midline structures were activated in conjunction with premotor areas, suggesting a link between the action and socio-affective components of cooperation. By contrast, right lateral prefrontal areas associated with central executive control processes were recruited during more cognitively challenging interactions while synchronizing with an overly adaptive virtual partner. Together, the reduced adaptive sensorimotor synchronization paradigm and pattern of results illuminate neural mechanisms that may underlie the socio-emotional consequences of different degrees of entrainment success.
Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation, adaptation, Adult, Anpassung, BRAIN, Brain Mapping, Cooperative Behavior, Emotions, Female, Gehirnfunktion, Humans, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, Kooperation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Photic Stimulation, physiology, Psychological, Sensory Feedback, User-Computer Interface, Young Adult -
(2013): Promise and Challenges Surrounding Culture–Gene Coevolution and Gene–Culture Interactions. In: Psychological Inquiry 24 (1), S. 64-70. DOI: 10.1080/1047840X.2013.764814
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2013.764814 Abstract: Comments on an article by Joan Y. Chiao et al. (see record 2013-09968-001). Advances in neuroscience have heavily influenced many areas of psychological research in recent years, and cultural psychology is no exception. In fact, as Joan Y. Chiao et al. emphasize in the target article, cultural psychology and neuroscience may have formed a particularly strong partnership in the business of explaining human diversity. Cultural psychology provides an explanatory framework for understanding meaningful variation in thought and behavior across cultures, and neuroscience offers explanations of how the brain and genes underlie psychological processes. By combining these two perspectives into a new field, cultural neuroscience may be well equipped to investigate the mind more completely, as arising from multiple, interacting forces from within and beyond the individual. Chiao et al. put forth an important and impressive model of cultural neuroscience, the center of which is cultur e–gene coevolution theory, or the dual inheritance theory of human behavior. The promise of cultural neuroscience, and of the study of genes and culture in particular, is great. This culture–gene research may help scientists better understand population health disparities, as Chiao et al. point out, and achieve a more nuanced, and ultimately more accurate, view of the human mind. The target article also highlights the gene–culture interaction framework, in addition to culture–gene coevolution theory, as playing an important role in understanding variation in psychological outcomes. Yet for culture–gene research more broadly to continue to make an impact, there are some important challenges that should be addressed. Chiao et al. understanding of how human diversity may be impacted by both genetic and cultural selection with an ambitious theory of culture– gene coevolution, and I commend the authors for bringing these very important issues to the forefront. Although some k ey chall enges remain to be addressed in future research—such as which cultural traits are adaptive, whether culture–gene relationships are causal, and when genetic variants should correlate and/or interact with the cultural environment—the promise of cultural neuroscience is evident. The integration of biological and neuroscientific perspectives with cultural psychology will continue to be crucial for advancing understandings of the mind, brain, and behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 8
2012
-
(2012): The social brain in psychiatric and neurological disorders. In: Trends in cognitive sciences 16 (11), S. 559-572. DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.09.006
DOI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3606817 Abstract: Psychiatric and neurological disorders have historically provided key insights into the structure-function relationships that subserve human social cognition and behavior, informing the concept of the 'social brain'. In this review, we take stock of the current status of this concept, retaining a focus on disorders that impact social behavior. We discuss how the social brain, social cognition, and social behavior are interdependent, and emphasize the important role of development and compensation. We suggest that the social brain, and its dysfunction and recovery, must be understood not in terms of specific structures, but rather in terms of their interaction in large-scale networks.
2010
-
(2010): Cognition, brain, and consciousness. Introduction to cognitive neuroscience. 2. ed.. Burlington, MA: Academic Press/Elsevier. Online verfügbar unter http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780123750709
Abstract: This is the fully revised and updated second edition of the very sucessful introductory textbook on cognitive neuroscience. Written by two leading experts in the field, this textbooknbsp,book takes a unique thematic approach to introduce concepts of cognitive neurosciences, guiding students along a clear path to understand the latest findings whether or not they have a background in neuroscience. New to this edition are Frontiers in Cognitive Neurosciencetext boxes, each one focuses on a leading researcher and their topic of expertise. There is a new chapter on Genes and Molecules of Cognition, and all other chapters have been thoroughly revised, based on the most recent discoveries. New edition of a very successful textbookCompletely revisednbsp,to reflect new advances, and feedback from adopters and studentsIncludes a new chapter on Genes and Molecules of CognitionStudent Solutions available athttp://www.baars-gage.com/For Teachers:Rapid adoption and course preparation:A wide array of instructor support materials are available online including PowerPoint lecture slides, a test bank with answers, and eFlashcords on key concepts for each chapter. A textbook with an easy-to-understand thematic approach:in a way that is clear for students from a variety of academic backgrounds, the text introduces concepts such as working memory, selective attention, and social cognition.A step-by-step guide for introducing students to brain anatomy: color graphics have been carefully selected to illustrate all points and the research explained. Beautifully clear artist's drawings are used to 'build a brain' from top to bottom, simplifying the layout of the brain.For students:An easy-to-read, complete introduction to mind-brain science:all chapters begin from mind-brain functions and build a coherent picture of their brain basis. A single, widely accepted functional framework is used to capture the major phenomena. Learning Aidsinclude a student support site with study guides and exercises, a new Mini-Atlas of the Brainand a full Glossary of technical terms and their definitions.Richly illustrated with hundreds of carefully selected color graphics to enhance understanding.
2009
-
(2009): Decision-related loss: Regret and disappointment.. In: NEUROIMAGE 47 (4), S. 2031-2040, zuletzt geprüft am 07.07.2018
Abstract: Both affective neuroscience and decision science focus on the role of emotions in decisions. Regret and disappointment are emotions experienced with negative decision outcomes. The present research examines the neural substrates of regret and disappointment as well as the role of regret and disappointment in decision making. Experiment 1 compared the subjective experience of regret and disappointment. Participants selected one of two gambles and received different types of feedback during the outcome phase. Despite identical nominal losses, regret induced a more intense dislike of the outcomes and a stronger desire to switch choices than disappointment. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, Experiment 2 examined the neural correlates of regret and disappointment. Both regret and disappointment activated anterior insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex relative to fixation, with greater activation in regret than in disappointment. In contrast to disappointment, reg ret also showed enhanced activation in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. These findings suggest that regret and disappointment, emotions experienced during decision-related loss, share a general neural network but differ in both the magnitude of subjective feelings and with regret activating some regions with greater intensity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 109
-
(2009): The Moral Brain. Essays on the evolutionary and neuroscientific aspects of morality - Moral judgment and the brain: A functional approach to the question of emotion and cognition in moral judgment integrating psychology, neuroscience and evolutionary biology. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands
Abstract: Moral judgment can be defined as the evaluation of actions with respect to social norms and values established in a society (such as not stealing or being an honest citizen). For our purposes, we use the term "moral judgment" as an inclusive description of all judgments and decision-making processes about those things that ought to be done and those that ought not to be done, particularly in the social context of interactions with other people and do not distinguish between moral and socio-conventional judgments. In the literature (Turiel, 1983; Smetana, 1993; Blair, 1995; Nucci, 2001) this distinction is used to differentiate cases where harm is caused to a person (= moral transgressions) from cases where only socio-conventional norms are violated (= conventional transgressions) without necessarily causing harm (e.g., spitting in a glass of wine at a dinner party). zitiert von: 23
Keywords: BRAIN, Emotions, Emotionsforschung, entscheiden, Judgment, Kognitionswissenschaften, Moral, Morality, Social Cognition 2003
-
Hugdahl, Kenneth; Davidson, Richard J. (Hg.) (2003): The asymmetrical brain. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Online verfügbar unter http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=75007
1990
-
Diamond, Adele (1990): The development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions. Conference entitled The Development and Neural Bases of Higher Cognitive Functions. New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences
1980
-
(1980): Minds, brains, and programs. In: Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3 (3), S. 417-424. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X00005756
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00005756 Abstract: Minds, brains, and programs - Volume 3 Issue 3
- <<
- <
- 1