Alle Publikationen
2019
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(2019) : Social Robots in Therapy and Care: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 669-670
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673243 Abstract: The Social Robots in Therapy workshop series aims at advancing research topics related to the use of robots in the contexts of Social Care and Robot-Assisted Therapy (RAT). Robots in social care and therapy have been a long time promise in HRI as they have the opportunity to improve patients life significantly. Multiple challenges have to be addressed for this, such as building platforms that work in proximity with patients, therapists and health-care professionals; understanding user needs; developing adaptive and autonomous robot interactions; and addressing ethical questions regarding the use of robots with a vulnerable population. The full-day workshop follows last year’s edition which centered on how social robots can improve health-care interventions, how increasing the degree of autonomy of the robots might affect therapies, and how to overcome the ethical challenges inherent to the use of robot assisted technologies. This 2nd edition of the workshop will be focused on the importance of equipping social robots with socio-emotional intelligence and the ability to perform meaningful and personalized interactions. This workshop aims to bring together researchers and industry experts in the fields of Human-Robot Interaction, Machine Learning and Robots in Health and Social Care. It will be an opportunity for all to share and discuss ideas, strategies and findings to guide the design and development of robot-assisted systems for therapy and social care implementations that can provide personalize, natural, engaging and autonomous interactions with patients (and health-care providers).
Keywords: Adaptive Behaviors, adaptive robot interactions, autonomous robot interactions, biomedical education, Conferences, ethical aspects, Health Care, health-care interventions, health-care professionals, health-care providers, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, medical robotics, Medical treatment, Mobile robots, Moral & Ethik, patient treatment, Personalized Behaviors, Radio access technologies, robot assisted technologies, Robot kinematics, robot-assisted systems, robot-assisted therapy, Robots in Therapy, service robot, social care implementations, Social intelligence, social robots, Supervised Autonomy -
(2019): On the perceptions and acceptance of artificially intelligent robotics and the psychology of the future elderly. In: Behaviour & Information Technology 14 (1), S. 1-20. DOI: 10.1080/0144929X.2019.1566499
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1566499 Abstract: The demographic shift marks the beginning of a social transformation with far reaching implications, and differences in aging processes across individuals render one-size fits-all policies ineffective. An area of increasing importance is assistive technology, including physical and Social Assistance Robots (SARs) for elderly support. In order to increase the effectiveness of such technologies, their design, functionality, and acceptance by target users must be evaluated. This paper presents a study that examines SAR technology acceptance among the future elderly (aged 20–60) in a German-speaking population (N=188). In doing this, we investigated the relationships between personality, resilience, technology experience, expectations for technology, fulfilment of expectations for technology, and technology acceptance. The study found significant correlations between age, gender, education, personality, resilience, experience, expectations, and technology acceptance and its subdimensions. Of the personality dimensions, agreeableness and neuroticism were found most relevant. Small effects were found between resilience and acceptance, and highly significant ones between technology acceptance, technology experience, expectations for SARs, and fulfilment of expectations for SARs. In keeping with previous research, the findings suggest that personality plays a significant role in the acceptance of SAR technologies. This study may be one of the first that considers and evaluates resilience as a factor in technology acceptance.
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(2019): Künstliche Intelligenz. Es muss auch klappen, wenn wir nicht hinschauen. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 13.04.2019. Online verfügbar unter https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuil-leton/hoch-schule/wie-die-japaner-ihre-roboter-lieben-16131496.html, zuletzt geprüft am 26.04.2019
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(2019): Zur Verschränkung von User Experience und Usability Engineering: Merkmale, Prinzipien und Vorgehensmodelle, S. 193-211. Online verfügbar unter https://pubpsych.zpid.de/pubpsych/DetailedView.action?print=&q=ID%3DDFK_0221357, zuletzt geprüft am 17.12.2019
Abstract: Anhand einer Aufarbeitung der vorhandenen Ansätze wird analysiert, welche Erweiterungen des traditionellen Usability Engineering sich durch das neue Konzept User Experience (UX) hinsichtlich der Ziele und Methoden zur Gestaltung interaktiver Systeme ergeben. Nach einem kurzen Überblick über beide Konzeptionen werden die proklamierten Ziele und Methoden von UX für den Gestaltungsprozess interaktiver Systeme vertieft. Die terminologische Diskussion von UX zeigt eine Vielfalt von Ansätzen. Bezüglich Gestaltung und Evaluierung lässt sich erkennen, dass UX-Vorgehensmodelle besonders im Rahmen der Analyse von Anforderungen und des Entwurfs durch Usability-Engineering-Techniken Berücksichtigung finden können. Mit Hilfe der vorliegenden Ergebnisse kann die praktische Anwendbarkeit von UX-Konzepten im Rahmen der Entwicklung interaktiver Systeme verbessert werden.
Keywords: Bedienung & Handhabung -
(2019): A Ulysses pact with artificial systems. How to deliberately change the objective spirit with cultured AI
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25884/B8S7-SQ95 Abstract: The article introduces a concept of cultured technology, i.e. intelligent systems capable of interacting with humans and showing (or simulating) manners, of following customs and of socio-sensitive considerations. Such technologies might, when deployed on a large scale, influence and change the realm of human customs, traditions, standards of acceptable behavior, etc. This realm is known as the "objective spirit" (Hegel), which usually is thought of as being historically changing but not subject to deliberate human design. The article investigates the question of whether the purposeful design of interactive technologies (as cultured technologies) could enable us to shape modes of human social behavior and thus to influence those customary standards that determine what is considered (in‑)appropriate. Which moral rules could (possibly) guide such interventions into the normative fabric of our human social relations? Would it, for example, be appropriate to design technology to exhibit (or simulate) cultured, polite, or moral behavior in order to educate (or nudge) individuals to socially desired behavior? This could be called “deception as a way to virtue” – a thought which can already be found in Kant. Another way of utilizing technology to deliberately influence the social and individual dimension of human behavior would be what the article – inspired by an episode in Homer’s Ulysses – introduces as “Ulysses pacts”: Ulysses, the cunning hero, enters into a pact with his crew to tie him to the mast and disobey all orders while near the Sirens – a strategy of assisted self-constraint. Ulysses-pact technologies might be a means to force us to stick to our commitments by resisting giving in to our weakness of will at a future point in time so that we cannot revise earlier decisions and commitments. Do Ulysses-pact technologies support us, for example, in the autonomous achievement of desired behavior, thus helping us on a path to virtue, or are they but a ruse, devised to drill predictable consumers?
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(2019) : Critical Incident Technique (CIT) In: Wirtz, M. A.: Dorsch – Lexikon der Psychologie: Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe. Online verfügbar unter https://m.portal.ho-grefe.com/dorsch/critical-incident-technique-cit, zuletzt geprüft am 12.04.2019
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(2019): Robot Rights. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/book/8555421, zuletzt geprüft am 02.10.2019Keywords: ieee xplore, Moral & Ethik
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(2019): Voices in and of the machine: Source orientation toward mobile virtual assistants. In: Computers in Human Behavior 90, S. 343-350. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.08.009 Abstract: Research regarding source orientation has demonstrated that when interacting with computers, people direct their communication toward and react toward the technology itself. Users perceive technology to be a source in human-machine communication (HMC). This study provides a new dimension to those findings with regard to source orientation with voice-based, mobile virtual assistants enabled by artificial intelligence (AI). In qualitative interviews regarding their conceptualizations of mobile conversational agents (Apple's Siri, Google Voice, Samsung S-Voice) and their perceptions of interactions with these specific technologies, some participants describe the agent they can hear but not see as a voice in the mobile phone (assistant as distinct entity) while others perceive the technology that they command to be the voice of the phone (assistant as the device). Therefore, congruent with existing research, users of mobile assistants orient toward a technology, instead of thinking they are interacting with a human, but, in contrast to existing research, attend to different technologies. When technologies possess a disembodied voice and are designed with various social cues and degrees of intelligence, the locus and nature of the digital interlocutor is not uniform in people's minds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2019) : The Dark Side of Human-Robot Interaction: Ethical Considerations and Community Guidelines for the Field of HRI: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 689-690
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673184 Abstract: The HRI community is working to develop interactive robots for a wide variety of pro-social tasks and ideals. As such we naturally focus on the positive side of HRI including how robots and humans may collaborate and the benefits of doing so. This workshop, in contrast, will focus on the dark side of HRI with the goal of identifying, understanding and guarding against the potential negative consequences of interactive robots. The primary objective of the workshop is to articulate and discuss the most pertinent ethical issues facing the HRI community and to develop a set of common community guidelines.
Keywords: common community guidelines, Conferences, Consumer Protection, Data Protection, ethical aspects, ethical considerations, Ethics, GUIDELINES, HRI community, human-robot interaction, Humans, ideals, ieee xplore, interactive robots, Law, Moral & Ethik, Persuasive Robots, pertinent ethical issues, pro-social tasks, PSYCHOLOGY, Robot Ethics, Robot sensing systems, workshop -
(2019) : A Robot Barista Comments on its Clients: Social Attitudes Toward Robot Data Use: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 66-74
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(2019) : Recognizing F-Formations in the Open World: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 558-559
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(2019): Perspektiven und Affordanzen in der Dienstleistung. Forschungsgutachten für PoliTE (2019)
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(2019) : Individual Differences in Attitude Toward Robots Predict Behavior in Human-Robot Interaction In: Salichs, Miguel: Social Robotics: 11th International Conference, ICSR 2019, Madrid, Spain, November 26-29, 2019 : proceedings, 11876: Cham, Switzerland: Springer (Lecture notes in computer science Lecture notes in artificial intelligence), S. 64-73
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(2019): Beiträge der interkulturellen Kommunikation zur Optimierung der sozialen Angemessenheit technischer Assistenzsysteme. Forschungsgutachten für poliTE
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(2019): The benefits of and barriers to using a social robot PARO in care settings: a scoping review. In: BMC geriatrics 19 (1). DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1244-6
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31443636 Abstract: BACKGROUND Given the complexity of providing dementia care in hospitals, integrating technology into practice is a high challenge and an important opportunity. Although there are a growing demand and interest in using social robots in a variety of care settings to support dementia care, little is known about the impacts of the robotics and their application in care settings, i.e., what worked, in which situations, and how. METHODS Scientific databases and Google Scholar were searched to identify publications published since 2000. The inclusion criteria consisted of older people with dementia, care setting, and social robot PARO. RESULTS A total of 29 papers were included in the review. Content analysis identified 3 key benefits of and 3 barriers to the use of PARO. Main benefits include: reducing negative emotion and behavioral symptoms, improving social engagement, and promoting positive mood and quality of care experience. Key barriers are: cost and workload, infection concerns, and stigma and ethical issues. This review reveals 3 research gaps: (a) the users' needs and experiences remain unexplored, (b) few studies investigate the process of how to use the robot effectively to meet clinical needs, and (c) theory should be used to guide implementation. CONCLUSIONS Most interventions conducted have been primarily researcher-focused. Future research should pay more attention to the clinical needs of the patient population and develop strategies to overcome barriers to the adoption of PARO in order to maximize patient benefits.
Keywords: 80 and over, Affect, Aged, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Delivery of Health Care, Dementia, economics, Humans, Methods, physiology, PSYCHOLOGY, Robotics, Therapy, Trends -
(2019): Anthropomorphization of artificial agents leads to fair and strategic, but not altruistic behavior. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 122, S. 168-173. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.09.008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2018.09.008 Abstract: With robots playing an increasing role in our daily lives, our emotional responses to them have become an active subject of study. The process of anthropomorphization, ascribing human affordances to non-human objects, is thought to play a large role in human-robot interaction. However, earlier studies have relied largely on experimenter’s manipulation of anthropomorphism, and the use of virtual robots. The aim of this study was to investigate peopleâs fairness preference and strategic and altruistic behavior toward different opponents (a human, a semi-humanoid and a spider-like robot, and a laptop) in two economic games. Anthropomorphization questionnaires and mood measures were also administered. Our findings suggest that fairness preference and strategic behavior are not predicted by the opponent’s physical appearance, but instead predicted by individual differences in the tendency to anthropomorphize others. Altruistic behavior, on the other hand, is affected by the opponent’s physical appearance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2019) : Beyond Programming: Can Robots’ Norm-Violating Actions Elicit Mental State Attributions?: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 530-531
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673293 Abstract: Social perceivers often view a human agent’s norm-violating behavior as diagnostic of that person’s mental states, while behaviors that conform to norms are viewed as less informative. We developed a series of stimulus videos depicting a DRC-HUBO robot engaging in norm-violating and norm-conforming behaviors. We explored the hypothesis that robots’ norm-violating actions may invite social perceivers to increase their mental state attributions in a similar manner as they do in humans. Surprisingly, we found that norm-conforming behaviors appear to be at least as conducive as norm-violating behaviors, and perhaps even moreso, to mental state attribution to robotic agents.
Keywords: action explanation, actions elicit mental state attributions, agency, Artificial intelligence, behavioural sciences computing, Cognition, control engineering computing, DRC-HUBO, DRC-HUBO robot, human agent norm-violating behavior, Humanoid Robots, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mobile robots, multi-agent systems, norms, PSYCHOLOGY, robot programming, robotic agents, social perceivers, theory of mind, Videos -
(2019): Understanding of Human Behavior with a Robotic Agent Through Daily Activity Analysis. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 11 (3), S. 437-462. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-019-00513-2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-019-00513-2 Abstract: Personal assistive robots to be realized in the near future should have the ability to seamlessly coexist with humans in unconstrained environments, with the robot’s capability to understand and interpret the human behavior during human–robot cohabitation significantly contributing towards this end. Still, the understanding of human behavior through a robot is a challenging task as it necessitates a comprehensive representation of the high-level structure of the human’s behavior from the robot’s low-level sensory input. The paper at hand tackles this problem by demonstrating a robotic agent capable of apprehending human daily activities through a method, the Interaction Unit analysis, that enables activities’ decomposition into a sequence of units, each one associated with a behavioral factor. The modelling of human behavior is addressed with a Dynamic Bayesian Network that operates on top of the Interaction Unit, offering quantification of the behavioral factors and the formulation of the human’s behavioral model. In addition, light-weight human action and object manipulation monitoring strategies have been developed, based on RGB-D and laser sensors, tailored for onboard robot operation. As a proof of concept, we used our robot to evaluate the ability of the method to differentiate among the examined human activities, as well as to assess the capability of behavior modeling of people with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Moreover, we deployed our robot in 12 real house environments with real users, showcasing the behavior understanding ability of our method in unconstrained realistic environments. The evaluation process revealed promising performance and demonstrated that human behavior can be automatically modeled through Interaction Unit analysis, directly from robotic agents.
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(2019) : Cuteness as a ‘Dark Pattern’ in Home Robots: 2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI): Daegu, Korea: IEEE, S. 374-381
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/HRI.2019.8673274 Abstract: Dark patterns are a recent phenomenon in the field of interaction design, where design patterns and behavioral psychology are deployed in ways that deceive the user. However, the current corpus of dark patterns literature focuses largely on screen-based digital interactions and should be expanded to include home robots. In this paper, we apply the concept of dark patterns to the ‘cute’ aesthetic of home robots and suggest that their design constitutes a dark pattern in HRI by (1) emphasizing short-term gains over long-term decisions; (2) depriving users of some degree of conscious agency at the site of interaction; and (3) creating an affective response in the user for the purpose of collecting emotional data. This exploratory paper expands the current library of dark patterns and their application to new technological interfaces into the domain of home robotics in order to establish the grounds for an ethical design practice in HRI.
Keywords: Affect, dark patterns, data ethics, Data privacy, Design, design patterns, emotion, emotion recognition, ethical aspects, ethical design practice, Ethics, Home computing, home robots, HRI, human-robot interaction, ieee xplore, Interaction, Moral & Ethik, privacy, PSYCHOLOGY, Robot sensing systems, Software, surveillance capitalism, user experience design -
(2019): Trust in socially assistive robots: Considerations for use in rehabilitation. In: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 104, S. 231-239. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.014 Abstract: Incorporation of social robots into rehabilitation calls for understanding what factors affect user motivation and success of the interaction. Trust between the user and the robot has been identified as important in human-robot interaction and in human-human interactions in therapy. Trust has been studied in the context of automation technology, (e.g., autonomous cars), but not in the context of social robots for rehabilitation. In this narrative review, we address the unique patient-clinician-robot triad, and argue that this context calls for specific design features in order to foster trust with the users. We review pertinent methods for measuring trust, and studies demonstrating that culture, prior experience and propensity-to-trust affect to what extent users trust robots. We suggest design guidelines for fostering trust and methods for measuring trust in human-robot interactions in rehabilitation. We stress the need to create measures of trust that are accessible to people who suffer from speech or cognitive impairments. This review is pertinent to researchers, roboticists, and clinicians interested in designing and using social robots for rehabilitation.
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(2019): Nonverbal intimacy as a benchmark for human–robot interaction. In: is.8.3.06lee, S. 411-422. Online verfügbar unter https://benjamins.com/catalog/is.8.3.06lee, zuletzt geprüft am 29.09.2019
Abstract: Studies of human–human interactions indicate that relational dimensions, which are largely nonverbal, include intimacy/involvement, status/control, and emotional valence. This paper devises codes from a study of couples and strangers which may be behavior-mapped on to next generation android bodies. The codes provide act specifications for a possible benchmark of nonverbal intimacy in human–robot interaction. The appropriateness of emotionally intimate behaviors for androids is considered. The design and utility of the android counselor/psychotherapist is explored, whose body is equipped with semi-autonomous visceral and behavioral capacities for ‘doing intimacy.’
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik) -
(2019) : TextBugger: Generating Adversarial Text Against Real-world Applications In: Oprea, Alina; Xu, Dongyan (Hg.): Proceedings 2019 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium: Network and Distributed System Security Symposium: San Diego, CA: February 24-27, 2019: Reston, VA: Internet Society
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Liggieri, Kevin; Müller, Oliver (Hg.) (2019): Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler
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(2019) : Usability Testing and Requirements Analysis of Service Robot: 2019 11th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC): 2019 11th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics (IHMSC): Hangzhou, China: IEEE, S. 225-228
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IHMSC.2019.00059 Abstract: The user experience of human-robot interaction (HRI) has become more and more important, and the HRI evaluation of service robots has become an indispensable research topic. This paper proposes that besides the commonly used usability testing, emotional factors should be considered. The emotional response of users when using robot products should be measured. The paper also describes that, based on the results of usability testing and emotion measurement, the Kano model can be referred to analyze the requirements to determine the requirements which users concern most, which attract users, and which users think the product must have. Finally, we conduct a usability testing and requirements analysis of a test service robot Alpha 2 as an example.
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(2019): A video-based assessment of likeability and usability in a play application of robots for children. In: Measuring Business Excellence 23 (2). DOI: 10.1108/MBE-11-2018-0093
DOI: https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:f4084882-5d9f-4ea5-842e-91702d0ba245 Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to conduct research with children, who have different abilities from adults, in terms of language understanding and level of attention, is a challenging task, especially concerning novel interactive systems such as social robots. Consequently, self-reporting methods are often replaced or supplemented by observational methods that are usually carried out taking advantage of video recordings. However, some limitations make this approach challenging for studies conducted with groups of children in real-world environments, whose relevance is being addressed more and more frequently in human-robot interaction (HRI) research. Thus, there is a growing need for rigorous observation approaches in unstructured test environments. Design/methodology/approach: This paper presents an alternative analysis approach, in relation to an experimental child-robot interaction (CRI) application, which was developed at the Academy of Arts and Design, Tsinghua University, China. The proposed methodology is based on the analysis of video recordings of in-wild activities of children with a robot. The methodology has the aim of providing a framework to facilitate knowledge identification and structuring. It was implemented for experiment evaluation and validation purposes and to propose a reference structure for the organization of new experiments and the stimulation of new ideas and activities in the design process. Findings: This methodology provides a logical structure, which can be used to identify the effectiveness or limits of design choices, pertaining to such aspects as the morphology or movement of robots or the choice of their specific role in education, all of which play crucial roles in the design process and could be improved to achieve better results. This structured identification is a practical implication for the design process, above all when it is oriented toward social robots and their interaction with children or elderly senile people. In this case, the outcomes were the identification of important elements of an experiment (psychological profiles of the involved children and possible problems or risks) and their impact on the design process. Originality/value: The methodological approach, which structures and uses cognitive maps to elaborate multicriteria evaluation models, is not new to the operations research field (where it is defined as a multimethodology application of Soft OR), but it has not yet been applied in the field of HRI studies, to analyze children’s perception of a robot and to identify the factors that can affect a good CRI or to structure knowledge that can be shared to guide the design process of robots for the experience of children playing.</p>
Keywords: Bedienung & Handhabung