Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018) : Exploring the Effect of Politeness on User Contribution in Q&A sites: A Case Study of Stack Overflow In: Shen, Weiming; Luo, Junzhou; Barthès, Jean-Paul; Dong, Fang; Zhang, Jinghui; Zhu, Haibin (Hg.): Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD): May 9-11, 2018, Nanjing, China: 2018 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD): Nanjing, China: 5/9/2018 - 5/11/2018. IEEE International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; Dongnan-Daxue; IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society; Cscwd: Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, S. 713-718
Abstract: Online question and answer (Q&A) sites are platforms allowing users to seek information or social support, which is sometimes socially uncomfortable. A major challenge in Q&A sites is how to encourage user contribution. Theory of linguistic politeness informs us that politeness is able to ease the tension resulting from face-threatening acts (FTA), and it is applicable to Q&A sites. However, Stack Overflow (SO), one of the most popular Q&A site for programmers, denies the use of linguistic politeness (e.g., greetings, salutations, and gratitude expressions), aiming at building a nonsocial platform. This paper focuses on a specific politeness strategy-expressing gratitude-in Q&A sites, and examines its effect on answerers' future contributions from the aspects of quality. Results indicate that gratitude expressions in comments can motivate answerers to generate higher quality content.
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(2018): When different “codes” meet. Communication styles and conflict in intercultural academic meetings. In: Language & Communication 61, S. 1-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.langcom.2017.10.001
Abstract: This study focuses on conflict situations in bilingual academic meetings to investigate the communication styles used by Chinese and American university faculty. The ethnographic participant observation used as the main method was cross-checked with post-meeting interview data. The findings revealed that, due to the conflicting priorities in meeting protocol and behaviors in Taiwanese and American cultures, tension is experienced by faculty members of both cultures. What it means to have a meeting and how members address various issues does vary from culture to culture. It is suggested that conflict situations be ameliorated by more cross-cultural understanding of meeting codes, especially by those in leadership positions.
2017
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(2017): How "ought" exceeds but implies "can". Description and encouragement in moral judgment. In: Cognition 168, S. 267-275. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.07.008
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28755538 Abstract: This paper tests a theory about the relationship between two important topics in moral philosophy and psychology. One topic is the function of normative language, specifically claims that one "ought" to do something. Do these claims function to describe moral responsibilities, encourage specific behavior, or both? The other topic is the relationship between saying that one "ought" to do something and one's ability to do it. In what respect, if any, does what one "ought" to do exceed what one "can" do? The theory tested here has two parts: (1) "ought" claims function to both describe responsibilities and encourage people to fulfill them (the dual-function hypothesis); (2) the two functions relate differently to ability, because the encouragement function is limited by the person's ability, but the descriptive function is not (the interaction hypothesis). If this theory is correct, then in one respect "ought implies can" is false because people have responsibilities that exceed their abilities. But in another respect "ought implies can" is legitimate because it is not worthwhile to encourage people to do things that exceed their ability. Results from two behavioral experiments support the theory that "ought" exceeds but implies "can." Results from a third experiment provide further evidence regarding an "ought" claim's primary function and how contextual features can affect the interpretation of its functions.
Keywords: Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Judgment, Kognitionswissenschaften, Male, Middle Aged, Moral, Morals, science direct, Social Behavior, Social Norms, Sprachwissenschaften, Young Adult 2016
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(2016) : Gender and linguistic sexism. In: Giles, Howard; Maass, Anne (Hg.): Advances in intergroup communication: Bern, Schweiz: Peter Lang Verlagsgruppe (Language as social action)
Abstract: In this chapter, we approach the issue of 'grammaticalization of gender' from an intergroup relations perspective. Using social identity theory, and more specifically self-categorization theory, we argue that grammaticalization of gender strongly contributes to the salience, or accessibility, of the social category 'gender.' Relatedly, we contend that the dual use of grammatically masculine forms to refer to people in general (i.e., as generic forms) as well as to men in particular (i.e., as gender-specific forms) is a reflection of intergroup hierarchies and helps to delimit intergroup boundaries in a way that disadvantages women. As a starting point for our argument, we present the concepts of self-categorization and grammaticalization of gender. We demonstrate how these can be linked together and discuss recent empirical evidence in light of this framework. We then focus on the asymmetric use of grammatical gender forms, which is prevalent in many gendered languages, a nd its c onsequences for the overall invisibility of women in discourse as well as for individuals' sense of belonging. Against this background we discuss neutralization and feminization as linguistic approaches to addressing the negative consequences of the grammaticalization of gender, which have been promoted by political and language-regulating institutions, and conclude with outlining future research directions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
2015
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(2015): How foreign language shapes moral judgment. In: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 59, S. 8-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2015.02.001
Abstract: We investigated whether and how processing information in a foreign language as opposed to the native language affects moral judgments. Participants judged the moral wrongness of several private actions, such as consensual incest, that were depicted as harmless and presented in either the native or a foreign language. The use of a foreign language promoted less severe moral judgments and less confidence in them. Harmful and harmless social norm violations, such as saying a white lie to get a reduced fare, were also judged more leniently. The results do not support explanations based on facilitated deliberation, misunderstanding, or the adoption of a universalistic stance. We propose that the influence of foreign language is best explained by a reduced activation of social and moral norms when making moral judgments. zitiert von: 50
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(2015): Sexism in Language and Talk-in-Interaction. In: Journal of Language and Social Psychology 34 (4), S. 410-426. DOI: 10.1177/0261927X15586574
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X15586574 Abstract: Feminists have long recognised important relationships between language and a gendered social order that disadvantages women. At the establishment of gender and language as a field of academic inquiry, work documented sexism in language—the ways words were used to ignore, narrowly define, or demean women. Using feminist conversation analysis, this article further develops that early work by considering recorded instances of gender and sexism in talk. A broad notion of 'gender trouble' was used to identify 50 relevant cases from everyday interactions. Two sexist language issues that were evident in the collection are presented in this article—the derogation of women and participants’ orientations to gender inclusiveness. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of sexism in language by examining how instances of it unfold over turns of talk. The study is discussed with respect to the methodological tensions inherent in feminist conversation analysis. (PsycI NFO Data base Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2014
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(2014): Sprachen der Emotion. Kultur, Kunst, Gesellschaft. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag
Abstract: Was und wie Menschen fühlen, wird zu einem großen Teil durch kulturelle Codes reguliert. Die Entstehung solcher Codes, ihre Wirkung auf die Emotionen und die Wirkung der Emotionen auf die Sprache werden untersucht und mit dem kooperativen Verhalten nichtmenschlicher Primaten verglichen. Im Zentrum steht dabei die enge Verbindung von Emotionen und Sprache. Neben der Sprache werden auch die Musik, der Film, die Gestik, religiöse Praktiken und Rituale sowie der Ausdruck von sozialen Gefühlen in die Betrachtung einbezogen. Bei den Beiträgen handelt es sich um ausgewählte Forschungsarbeiten des Exzellenzclusters "Languages of Emotion" der Freien Universität Berlin. - Inhalt: (1) Gunter Gebauer und Markus Edler: Einleitung. (2) Dominik Perler: Wozu philosophiehistorische Emotionsforschung? Methodologische Überlegungen. (3) Hilge Landweer: "Vor der Kreuzspinne braucht man sich nicht zu fürchten." - Emotionen, Situationen und Angemessenheit. (4) Michael Tomasello: Kooperation und Kommunikation im zweiten Lebensjahr. (5) Katja Liebal: Emotionale Kommunikation nichtmenschlicher Primaten: Eine artvergleichende Perspektive. (6) Julian Hanich und Winfried Menninghaus: Im Wechselbad der Gefühle: Zur Emotionsvielfalt im filmischen Melodram - Eine Mikroanalyse. (7) Arthur M. Jacobs: Affektive und ästhetische Prozesse beim Lesen: Anfänge einer neurokognitiven Poetik. (8) Stefan Koelsch: Musik, Emotion und Gehirn. (9) Clemens Risi: Das "Kraftwerk der Gefühle": Oper und Emotion vom 17. Jahrhundert bis Verdi und Wagner. (10) Regine Herbrik und Hubert Knoblauch: Die Emotionalisierung der Religion. (11) Ulla Haselstein: Coolness. (12) Gunter Gebauer: Kollektive Emotionen und Glaube: Das erhöhte Ich im Fußball. (13) Hermann Kappelhoff: Affektmobilisierung und mediale Kriegsinszenierung. (14) Christian von Scheve: Gefühlte Ungleichheit: Einige Zusammenhänge zwischen Sozialstruktur und Emotionen. (15) Sina Emde: Emotion, Erinnerung und Gewalt in Kambodscha: Zwischen staatlicher Politik und lokaler Aufarbeitung.
Keywords: Culture, Emotions, Emotionsforschung, Film, Gefühl, Gestik, Language and emotions, Musik, Religion, Sprache, Sprachwissenschaften 2013
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(2013): Respectful Language. In: Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture 3 (S1), S. 115-132. DOI: 10.1002/jpoc.21103
Abstract: This article outlines key ideas from a small‐scale piece of research undertaken as a study for a dissertation into language use in learning organizations. The inquiry focuses on how language use may be used in reflection when understood as ethical leadership action. Anecdotal evidence suggested that an eye on the bottom line and a compliance approach imposed by legislation during a period of recession had a negative effect on dialogue, with exchanges being less courteous and less generous during daily dealings. The aim of this study was to find out what professionals working in the field of learning and development understand the term respectful language to mean. The study explored theories based on reflection and drawn on experience. It modeled ethical practice by way of presenting the ideas of a diverse community of practice. The findings are presented as an interpretation based on rich narratives, which practitioners may find useful to aid their dialogue in a tough economic climate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 1
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(2013): Social construction of gender-(un)fairness : An analysis of educational material and individual language use. kumulative Dissertation. FU Berlin, Berlin. Fachbereich Erziehungswissenschaft und Psychologie. Online verfügbar unter http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudissthesis000000095308-9, zuletzt geprüft am 30.05.2018
Abstract: In four contributions, this cumulative dissertation examined two ways in which communication may foster or decrease gender stereotypes and gender unfairness - educational material and individual language use. - (1) Moser, F., & Hannover, B. (2013). How gender fair are German schoolbooks in the twenty-first century? An analysis of language and illustrations in schoolbooks for mathematics and German. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 29, 387-407. DOI: 10.1007/s10212-013-0204-3 Titel anhand dieser DOI in Citavi-Projekt übernehmen. (2) Moser, F., Hannover, B., & Becker, J. (2013). Subtile und direkte Mechanismen der sozialen Konstruktion von Geschlecht. Vorstellung eines Kategoriensystems zur Analyse der Geschlechter(un)gerechtigkeit von Texten und Bildern. Gender - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft , 3, 77-93. (3) Moser, F., & Masterson, J. (2013, in press). Are there signs of change in gendered language use in children's early reading material? Gender and Language. (4) Sczesny, S., Moser, F., & Wood, W. (2013, submitted). Who uses gender-inclusive language? On the importance of practice and intention.
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(2013) : Social Rules and the Social Background In: Schmitz, Michael; Kobow, Beatrice; Schmid, Hans Bernhard (Hg.): The Background of Social Reality: Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, S. 107-125
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5600-7_7 Abstract: Various thinkers have explored versions of the idea that there are nonrepresentational and unconscious dispositions that form the background of thought, meaning, and language. In this chapter, I discuss John Searle's version of this idea. I focus on how he invokes the social background to account for the functioning of social rules. This is a particularly important application of the notion because very many in other respects quite different accounts of social, institutional, and intentional phenomena generally appeal to rules, for example, linguistic rules. But what is the status of such rules? How, in particular, can they play a role in explaining what people do if people normally are not aware of them? The standard answer is that the rules are unconscious and are being followed unconsciously. Searle has challenged this answer on the basis of a thorough critique of the notion of the unconscious mind (e.g., Searle 1992). His alternative explanation appeals to the backgro und. Whi le background dispositions are not representations of rules, they are still 'sensitive to the rule structure' (Searle 1995: 145). They produce behavior that is (generally) consonant with the rules, but they are entirely physiological. Rules only enter the picture when we introduce a diachronic dimension. Background dispositions have evolved in response to the rule structure. It seems to me that Searle's critique of the notion of unconscious rule following is right on target, and I will take it for granted in what follows. But I will criticize Searle's positive account and propose an alternative one. In an earlier article (Schmitz 2012), I have argued that we should think of the background as being nonconceptual rather than as being unconscious and nonrepresentational. The main goal of this chapter is to show that this conception of the background will also help us to better understand the social background and the social phenomena that give rise to the idea of unconscious ru le follo wing. The outline of this chapter is as follows. After an introductory sketch of Searle's notion of the background, I present his explanation of apparent unconscious rule following in more detail. I then critique it and set out my own explanation. The chapter concludes with a suggestion on how to situate the background in the context of a layered view of the mind. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2013): Managing the Moral Implications of Advice in Informal Interaction. In: Research on Language & Social Interaction 46 (4), S. 344-362. DOI: 10.1080/08351813.2013.839095
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08351813.2013.839095 Abstract: What does advice giving look like among family members? Most conversation analytic research on advice has been in institutional settings, which constrain what speakers can do. Here we analyze advice in the apparently freer environment of telephone calls between mothers and their young adult daughters. We concentrate on how the advice is received. Our analysis shows that the position of 'advice recipient' is a potentially unwelcome identity to occupy because it implies one knows less than the advice giver and indeed that one may be somehow at fault. Advice can be resisted, but choosing to do so seems to depend on what the interactional costs would be. We discuss the implications for studying advice and promoting advice acceptance as well as the way relationality more generally can be constituted in talk. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2010
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(2010): Geschlechtergerechte Formulierungen in Nachrichtentexten. In: Publizistik 55 (3), S. 289-304. DOI: 10.1007/s11616-010-0093-2
Abstract: Es wird vergleichend analysiert, wie gut generisch maskuline Personenbezeichnungen (z. B. die Studenten) und alternative geschlechtergerechte Formen (z. B. die Studentinnen und Studenten) für Nachrichtentexte geeignet sind. Dabei ist von Interesse, ob die Verwendung der jeweiligen Formen zu einem angemessenen gedanklichen Einbezug der am berichteten Ereignis beteiligten Frauen führt, ob der Text gut lesbar bleibt und ob das Publikum die Textästhetik positiv beurteilt. Die Befunde von zwei experimentellen Studien, an denen insgesamt 521 Personen teilnahmen, deuten darauf hin, dass der Einsatz bestimmter geschlechtergerechter Personenbezeichnungen (Paarformen (z. B. Astronautinnen und Astronauten) und genusneutrale Formulierungen (z. B. Badegäste)) im Vergleich zur Verwendung generisch maskuliner Formulierungen zu einer angemesseneren gedanklichen Berücksichtigung von Frauen beiträgt, ohne dabei die Lesbarkeit und sprachliche Ästhetik zu beeinträchtigen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes geschlechtergerechter Sprache in Pressemedien diskutiert. zitiert von 12
Keywords: Aesthetics, Fairness, Language, Medien, News Media, Readability, Sexism, Social Cognition, Sprachwissenschaften 2008
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(2008): Terms of abuse as expression and reinforcement of cultures. In: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS 32 (2), S. 174-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.02.001
Abstract: Investigated cross-cultural differences in the expression and perception of verbal abuse terms. Nearly 3,000 university students (mean age 22 years) from Spain, Germany, France, Italy, Croatia, Poland, the United Kingdom, the United States, Norway, Greece, and the Netherlands were instructed to specify terms of abuse that they would employ in hypothetical social situations. Respondents also rated the offensiveness of each of the specified terms. A total of 12,000 abuse terms was thus obtained, which after analyzing for frequency, were reduced to 16 categories. Common to all national samples were terms that referred to genitals or sexual actions, mental abnormality, and impaired intelligence. In all countries, the use of abuse terms varied according to the gender of the target and actor in the hypothetical situations. Cross-cultural differences in the frequency of preferred abuse terms are explained in terms of variability between nations along the dimensions individualism, collectivism, masculinity-femininity, and virility. zitiert von 25
2006
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(2006): Interactional context and willingness to communicate. A comparison of behavior in whole class, group and dyadic interaction. In: System 34 (4), S. 480-493. DOI: 10.1016/j.system.2006.05.002
Abstract: This article reports on a study that investigated the dual characteristics of willingness to communicate (WTC) in a second language (L2): trait-like WTC and situational WTC. By adopting methods of classroom observation, participant interviews and questionnaires, consistency between L2 learners’ self-report WTC and their actual WTC behavior in an L2 classroom was examined. While trait-like WTC, as measured by a self-report survey, could predict a tendency to communicate, classroom observation of situational WTC and interviews with individual learners revealed actual behavior and the influence of contextual factors on the decision to engage in interaction with fellow students. A number of factors were perceived by learners to influence WTC behavior in class: the group size, familiarity with interlocutor(s), interlocutor(s)’ participation, familiarity with topics under discussion, self-confidence, medium of communication and cultural background. These findings contribute to an understanding of the dynamic nature of WTC in a second language and suggest implications for best practice in language pedagogy. zitiert von 282
2005
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(2005): System-initiated digressive proposals in automated human–computer telephone dialogues: the use of contrasting politeness strategies. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 62 (1), S. 41-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.08.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.08.001 Abstract: System-initiated digressive proposals may be used to introduce new and unexpected information into automated telephone services. These digressions may be viewed as particularly pronounced forms of unsolicited interruptions as they contain information not directly related to the caller's intended activity. In human-human conversation, interruptions are considered to be speech acts which intrinsically threaten both the positive and negative face wants of the addressee and conversants adopt specific verbal strategies to mitigate the negative impact of their interruptions. A question therefore arises whether the introduction of face redressive expressions, based on human-human conversational strategies, into the design of system-initiated proposals in automated services can mitigate the negative impact of the interruptions. A usability experiment was conducted to examine the effectiveness of three contrasting politeness strategies for system-initiated digressions in a mass-market telephone banking dialogue using speech recognition technology. Participants (N= 111) experienced these proposals while using the automated service to perform banking tasks. Results indicated that all these system-initiated digressions-irrespective of politeness strategy employed-had a negative impact on the user attitudes towards the service. This paper reports these results and explores participants' perceptions of the politeness styles and registers employed in the system-initiated proposals.
2002
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(2002): Reparaturen. Routinen, die Gesprache zur Routine machen. In: Linguistische Berichte 192, S. 417-456
Abstract: Gespache werden als storanfallige Routinen charakterisiert, und die Rolle von lokalen Verstandigungspoblemen und Reparaturen im Verlauf von Gesprachen wird erortert. Im Anschluss an eine Klarung der Begriffe der Reparatur und des Verstandigungsproblems sowie deren Verhaltnis zueinander erfolgt eine Bestandsaufnahme der Untersuchungen von E. A. Schegloff und von M. Selting zu Verstandigungsproblemen und den daraus abgeleiteten Vorschlagen zur Kategorisierung von Reparaturen. Die beiden Typologien von Reparaturen werden integriert. Anschliessend werden Reparatursequenzen vorgestellt, die eine Erweiterung der Typologie nahelegen. An einem konkreten Fall wird der Routinecharakter von Gesprachen und Reparaturen verdeutlicht. Im Lichte der dargelegten Befunde wird eine Bewertung der Annahme vorgenommen, dass Typen von Reparaturen stark mit bestimmten Problemtypen korrelieren und es dadurch den Beteiligten erlauben, Probleme im jeweiligen Gesprachszusammenhang routiniert und hinreichend genau zu identifizieren und interaktiv zu uberwinden. zitiert von 10
1997
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(1997) : Evaluating commercial speech recognition and DTMF technology for automated telephone banking services: IEEE Colloquium on Advances in Interactive Voice Technologies for Telecommunication Services: IEEE Colloquium on Advances in Interactive Voice Technologies for Telecommunication Services: London, UK: 12 June 1997: London, United Kingdom: IET, S. 4/1-4/6
Abstract: Call-centre based telephone banking has become widespread in the UK, with most high street banks and many building societies offering such services. Advances in small vocabulary connected speech recognition technology and the existence of robust DTMF recognition systems make a strong case for automating such telephone services. This case is reinforced by a financial aspect-the agent cost of human operators. Call centre costs could be drastically reduced if appropriate automated systems could be used in tandem with the more traditional methods of customer service. Any points of customer contact provide 'moments of truth' for a bank, where polite, efficient and effective service must be delivered. If automated services are to be used, it is vital that they achieve this, and that they do not tarnish a bank's image. The OVID project, funded under the EU's ESPRIT programme, aims to investigate the appropriateness of today's speech recognition technology to telephone banking applications. An experiment is described presenting two simulated telephone banking services, with identical dialogues, and differing only in mode of input-speech or DTMF. Subjects' performance with the systems is noted and their attitudes towards them are also objectively assessed via a usability questionnaire. The latter measure especially provides essential data on the acceptability of automated telephone banking services using these technologies.
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(1997): Preverbal communication in humans and the genesis of culture
Abstract: Discusses the degree to which biological predispositions determine language and speech acquisition in human infants. Topics include: (1) the adaptive significance of genetically determined communicative processes during the preverbal developmental stage; (2) the application of dynamic models in human interaction; (3) the adaptive relevance of human communication; and (4) the coevolution of predispositions for speech acquisition in infants and speech-related didactics in parents. An analogy is made between the early development of communicative capacities in infants and the genesis of culture in human evolution. zitiert von 13
1996
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(1996): Towards a cognitive approach to politeness. In: Language Sciences 18 (3-4), S. 629-650. DOI: 10.1016/S0388-0001(96)00039-3
1992
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(1992): Sprache und Geschlecht: Ist Kommunikation zwischen Frauen und Männern interkulturelle Kommunikation?. In: Linguistische Berichte, S. 123-143
Abstract: Ausgehend von der Diskussion über die "interkulturelle Kommunikation zwischen Männern und Frauen" wird ein Überblick über den linguistischen Erkenntnisstand zum Zusammenhang von Sprache und Geschlecht gegeben. Dabei wird auf der Grundlage vorliegender Studien gezeigt, dass in der Gesellschaft keine separaten "Sprachen", die jeweils kontextübergreifend einem Geschlecht zuzuordnen sind, existieren. Kommunikationsstrategien, die in gewissen Kontexten vor allem von Frauen angewendet werden, tragen jedoch in bestimmten Kontexten zur Konstruktion von Status oder Informalität bei. Ferner lassen sich Kontextualisierungskonventionen nicht pauschal einem Geschlecht zuordnen. Die Analyse von Sprache und Geschlecht wird als Teil einer größeren Fragestellung betrachtet, nämlich der nach dem Zusammenhang von Sprache und sozialer Bedeutung. Es wird die Ansicht vertreten, dass in Interaktionen komplexe soziale Beziehungen hergestellt werden, wobei das Geschlecht eine dieser Bedeutungen ist, jedoch nicht immer die relevanteste. zitiert von 71
1991
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(1991): Dominanz, Macht und Status als Elemente sprachlicher Interaktion. Ein Literaturbericht. Arbeiten aus dem Sonderforschungsbereich 245 \'Sprechen und Sprachverstehen im sozialen Kontext\'
Abstract: Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über Konzepte und empirische Forschungsergebnisse aus der Sozialpsychologie, der Sprachpsychologie und der Sprachwissenschaft zum Thema sprachliche Ausprägung von Dominanz und Macht in sozialen Interaktionen. Unterschieden wird zwischen Macht als potentieller Ressource und Dominanz als manifestem Merkmal von Interaktionen. Es werden Untersuchungen zu einzelnen Sprechausdrucksmerkmalen eines "powerful style" rezipiert, aber auch Studien, die sich mit der Analyse von Dominanz im interaktiven Austausch beschäftigen. Bei den empirischen Untersuchungen lassen sich sprecherorientierte Studien, die auf die Analyse einzelner Sprechausdrucksmerkmale eines "powerful style" gerichtet sind, unterscheiden von Untersuchungen, die Dominanz auf der Ebene von Interaktionssequenzen analysieren. Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, dass die Berücksichtigung von Sprechermerkmalen in Kombination mit Analysen des interaktiven Austauschs als sinnvollste methodische Strategie zur Analyse sprachlicher Manifestation von Dominanz angesehen werden muss.
1985
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(1985): Zur ethnomethodologischen Gesprachsanalyse. In: Zeitschrift fur Phonetik, Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationsforschung 38 (2), S. 121-140
Abstract: Outlines the basic principles of ethnomethodology, which is described as a special discipline of phenomenological sociology, and discusses its relationships with a Marxist theory of verbal communication. The article focuses on the following points: (1) the scientific-historical background of ethnomethodological sociology, (2) the view of society it reflects, (3) the object of its research, and (4) methodological positions in research on this topic. Ethnomethodology and the Marxist theory of verbal communication are delineated and several ways of how the two approaches can mutually benefit each other are discussed. zitiert von 10 Grundzuge der Ethnomethodologie als spezielle Richtung der phanomenologischen Soziologie werden dargestellt, wobei ihre Beziehungen zu und ihre Vereinbarkeit mit einer marxistischen Theorie der sprachlichen Kommunikation diskutiert werden. Abgeklart werden dabei (1) der wissenschaftshistorische Hintergrund der ethnomethodologischen Soziologie, (2) die hinter ihr stehende Gesellschaftsauffassung, (3) ihr Gegenstand sowie (4) methodologische und methodische Positionen in entsprechenden Forschungsprogrammen. Ethnomethodologie und die marxistische Theorie der sprachlichen Kommunikation werden voneinander abgegrenzt; Moglichkeiten der gegenseitigen Befruchtung aufgezeigt.
1980
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(1980) : The Acquisition of Social Speech Routines and Politeness Formulas11This research was supported by Grant BNS 75–21909 A01 from the National Science Foundation In: Giles, Howard: Language: Social psychological perspectives ; selected papers from the First International Conference on Social Psychology and Language held at the University of Bristol England July 1979: Oxford [u.a.]: Pergamon Press, S. 21-27
Abstract: Interest in children's emerging communicative competence has recently led to the study of the acquisition of the social and interactive components of language. Children must learn to use language appropriately in many different interpersonal situations. The acquisition of routines (e.g. bye bye, greetings, thanks and even rare formulae like trick or treat) is an important part of linguistic socialisation. Moreover, parents explicitly teach routines and prompt their children to produce them. This paper examines the ways in which parents socialise their children in the use of a number of such routines. Parents and children were observed in naturalistic settings for the study of some routines, and a laboratory setting was used for others. In the laboratory, 22 pre-school children interacted separately with their fathers and mothers in a situation designed to elicit politeness routines. Principal aims of the study included determining if some routines are more obligatory than others, as well as finding out if there were any sex differences either in the behaviour of fathers and mothers or in the ways that boys and girls were treated. Results indicate that while boys and girls are treated similarly, their parents provide different models for them, with mothers producing more polite speech than fathers. Parents themselves use a remarkably consistent prompting formula in attempting to elicit routines from their children, and thank you is the routine most likely to be insisted upon. The significance of the study is related to questions of how children acquire communicative competence as well as to broader questions relating to how children are socialised as bearers of particular sex roles and members of particular societies. zitiert von 69
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(1980): Sprache, Geschlecht und Macht. In: Linguistische Berichte (69), S. 1-14
Abstract: In einer Einleitung zum Heft 69 der "Linguistischen Berichte" wird das Sexismus-Problem in seinen linguistischen und gesellschaftlichen Bezügen umrissen und anhand verschiedener theoretischer Beiträge und empirischer Befunde verdeutlicht. Die einzelnen Beiträge des vorliegenden Heftes werden knapp eingeführt und die politische Intention des feministischen Ansatzes angesprochen. zitiert von 39
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