Alle Publikationen
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2016
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(2016): Kindersoldatinnen und -soldaten als Flüchtlinge in Deutschland. In: PRAXIS DER KINDERPSYCHOLOGIE UND KINDERPSYCHIATRIE 65 (10), S. 763-780. DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2016.65.10.763
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27923337 Abstract: Child Soldiers as Refugees in Germany How do former child soldiers cope with their potentially traumatic experiences, and how do the living conditions as refugees influence these coping processes? A dissertation at the faculty of human and social sciences at the University of Wuppertal, based on biographical-narrative interviews with 15 young refugees from six African countries, describes the characteristics of the traumatic sequences in the countries of origin and in exile, and elaborates typical coping processes. In order to survive a situation of absolute subjection within armed groups, children develop forms of adequate adaptation to the context like regulation and detachment of emotions e.g. with the use of drugs, assimilation to an idea of "hard masculinity" etc. They become victims, witnesses and often perpetrators of extreme violence (man-made-disaster), respectively traumatic processes can be seen in all sequences. After leaving the armed groups there is no way back into the families and communities destroyed by armed conflict, so they become refugees. In Germany, they are subjected to a bureaucratic and excluding asylum system, in which decisions on all relevant areas of life (age determination, place and right of residence, form of accommodation, access to education, etc.) are imposed on them. Especially the insecure right of residence and the living conditions in refugee camps are severe risk factors, impeding stabilization. Social support, e. g. by competent professionals, access to trauma- and culture-sensitive psychotherapy, societal inclusion, but also personal resilience are essential for coping with trauma and developing new future perspectives.
Keywords: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Africa/ethnology, Armed Conflicts/psychology, Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), culture sensitive, Defense Mechanisms, Dissociative Disorders/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, Female, Germany, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Military Personnel/psychology, Minors/psychology, Pathologie, Psychologie, Refugees/psychology, Social Conditions, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis/psychology/therapy, Trauma, Young Adult 2014
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(2014): Social desirability scales as indicators of self-enhancement and impression management. In: Journal of Personality Assessment 96 (5), S. 532-543. DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2014.916714
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24837586 Abstract: This article presents 2 studies testing Paulhus's (2002) assumption that unconscious self-enhancement and conscious impression management represent separate processes of socially desirable responding (SDR) that can be observed within 2 content domains (egoistic and moralistic bias). In Study 1, we devised egoistic and moralistic SDR scales intended to measure self-enhancement in honest responding and impression management under demands for positive self-presentation. In Study 2, we correlated scores on these scales with external indicators of self-enhancement and impression management. In honest responding, both SDR scales most strongly correlated with self-enhancement indicators, whereas under demands for positive self-presentation they correlated more strongly with external measures of impression management.
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(2014): Grenzen - seelische Struktur und der Einfluss veranderter Arbeits-, Lebens- und Selbstkonzepte. In: Psychodynamische Psychotherapie 13 (3), S. 152-161
Abstract: Seelische Erkrankungen werden zunehmend vor dem Hintergrund veranderter Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen diskutiert. Aufgrund der Komplexitat der Entstehungsbedingungen dieser Storungen ist die Auseinandersetzung mit den moglichen Ursachen schwierig und entsprechend unvollstandig. Ausgehend vom grundlegenden Aufbau organischer Substanz und Freuds Annahmen zur Funktion eines effektiven Reizschutzes werden Grenzen und deren Auswirkungen auf das Gleichgewicht bzw. Ungleichgewicht untersucht. Reflektiert werden Wachstums- und Machbarkeitsideologien und entsprechende Auswirkungen auf das Selbstbild und die Erwartungen des Individuums an sich selbst und an andere. Die Leugnung der Begrenztheit befordert grandiose Erwartungen und fuhrt, bei entsprechender Disposition, zu seelischer Krankheit. Die Modediagnose "Burnout" hat diesem Phanomen einen Namen gegeben.
2011
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(2011): Social identities, group norms, and threat. On the malleability of ingroup bias. In: Personality & social psychology bulletin 37 (1), S. 82-93. DOI: 10.1177/0146167210386120
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20956355 Abstract: Ingroup bias is one of the most basic intergroup phenomena and has been consistently demonstrated to be increased under conditions of existential threat. In the present research the authors question the omnipresence of ingroup bias under threat and test the assumptions that these effects depend on the content of social identity and group norm salient in a situation. In the first two studies cross-categorization and recategorization manipulations eliminated and even reversed mortality salience effects on bias in relations between English and Scottish students (Study 1) as well as English and French people (Study 2). In the third study the specific normative content of a given social identity (collectivism vs. individualism) was shown to moderate mortality salience effects on ingroup bias. The results of these studies suggest a social identity perspective on terror management processes. zitiert von 52
Keywords: Adolescent, Adult, Aggression/psychology, Attribution, Defense Mechanisms, England, European Continental Ancestry Group/psychology, Group Processes, Existentialism, Gruppenverhalten, Humans, Female, Ingroup Outgroup, France, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Response Bias, Scotland, Social Behavior, Social Group, Social Identification, Social Identity, Social Norms, Social Values, Students, Threat, Young Adult 2009
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(2009): Do humans have two systems to track beliefs and belief-like states?. In: Psychological Review 116 (4), S. 953-970. DOI: 10.1037/a0016923
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19839692 Abstract: The lack of consensus on how to characterize humans' capacity for belief reasoning has been brought into sharp focus by recent research. Children fail critical tests of belief reasoning before 3 to 4 years of age (H. Wellman, D. Cross, & J. Watson, 2001; H. Wimmer & J. Perner, 1983), yet infants apparently pass false-belief tasks at 13 or 15 months (K. H. Onishi & R. Baillargeon, 2005; L. Surian, S. Caldi, & D. Sperber, 2007). Nonhuman animals also fail critical tests of belief reasoning but can show very complex social behavior (e.g., J. Call & M. Tomasello, 2005). Fluent social interaction in adult humans implies efficient processing of beliefs, yet direct tests suggest that belief reasoning is cognitively demanding, even for adults (e.g., I. A. Apperly, D. Samson, & G. W. Humphreys, 2009). The authors interpret these findings by drawing an analogy with the domain of number cognition, where similarly contrasting results have been observed. They propose that the success of infants and nonhuman animals on some belief reasoning tasks may be best explained by a cognitively efficient but inflexible capacity for tracking belief-like states. In humans, this capacity persists in parallel with a later-developing, more flexible but more cognitively demanding theory-of-mind abilities.
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(2009): Give a person power and he or she will show interpersonal sensitivity. The phenomenon and its why and when. In: Journal of personality and social psychology 97 (5), S. 835-850. DOI: 10.1037/a0016234
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19857005 Abstract: The goal of the present research was to investigate whether high or low power leads to more interpersonal sensitivity and what potentially mediates and moderates this effect. In Study 1, 76 participants in either a high- or low-power position interacted; in Study 2, 134 participants were implicitly primed with either high- or low-power or neutral words; and in Study 3, 96 participants were asked to remember a situation in which they felt high or low power (plus a control condition). In Study 4, 157 participants were told to identify with either an egoistic, empathic, or neutral leadership style. In all studies, interpersonal sensitivity, defined as correctly assessing other people, was then measured using different instruments in each study. Consistently, high power resulted in more interpersonal sensitivity than low power. Feeling respected and proud was partially responsible for this effect. Empathic power as a personality trait was related to more interpersonal sensitivity, and high-power individuals who adopted an empathic instead of an egoistic leadership style were more interpersonally sensitive. zitiert von 215
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