Alle Publikationen
2008
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(2008) : A cultural sensitive agent for human-computer negotiation: Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 2: Volume 2: Richland, SC: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, S. 451-458
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Haith, Marshall M. (2008): Encyclopedia of infant and early childhood development. Amsterdam: Elsevier Acad. Press
Keywords: science direct, Socialization -
(2008): Culture-sensitive neural substrates of human cognition. A transcultural neuroimaging approach. In: Nature reviews. Neuroscience 9 (8), S. 646-654. DOI: 10.1038/nrn2456
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18641669 Abstract: Our brains and minds are shaped by our experiences, which mainly occur in the context of the culture in which we develop and live. Although psychologists have provided abundant evidence for diversity of human cognition and behaviour across cultures, the question of whether the neural correlates of human cognition are also culture-dependent is often not considered by neuroscientists. However, recent transcultural neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that one's cultural background can influence the neural activity that underlies both high- and low-level cognitive functions. The findings provide a novel approach by which to distinguish culture-sensitive from culture-invariant neural mechanisms of human cognition.
Keywords: Attention/physiology, Brain Mapping/methods, Brain/anatomy & histology/physiology, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, Cognition/physiology, Culture, culture sensitive, Disziplin, Environment, Humans, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Kulturinvarianz, Kulturtheorie, Neurowissenschaften, Perception/physiology, Social Behavior -
(2008): THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL RULES FOR DIGITAL INTERACTIONS. In: Information, Communication & Society 11 (8), S. 1111-1131. DOI: 10.1080/13691180802109048
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180802109048 Abstract: The increasing use of Internet-based 'dating' services as a means to meet strangers online to potentially form intimate relationships offline, raises concerns about trust and identity. The established social practices of introductions or meeting with stranger's offline are supported by a set of social rules and rituals that have been described as 'courtship'. There is an absence of such courting rules or guidelines for interaction in mediated dating environments. This means that individuals have to understand for themselves the rules that shape how they should behave. On the basis of the analysis of Internet newsgroups discussions this article puts forward an ideal type continuum about 'eDating' expectations and experiences. The continuum leads discussion about how men and women eDaters are seeking to comprehend the rules for interaction that establish a reciprocated communication with other online 'strangers'. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)< br /> zitiert von 25
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(2008): ROBOT MANZAI. ROBOT CONVERSATION AS A PASSIVE–SOCIAL MEDIUM. In: International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 05 (01), S. 67-86. DOI: 10.1142/S0219843608001315
Abstract: This paper reports on the development of a multirobot cooperation system for human robot communication in which robots behave as if communicating by speech, while the system exchanges information through a network that maintains natural communication timing. The information exchanged through the network is based on the analysis of interhuman conversation. This system is based on a scripting language for coordinating multirobot communication, which has a merit for developers: easy development. The developed system is used for Manzai, which is a kind of a Japanese stand-up comedy mainly performed by two persons. While tempo and timing are particularly important in Manzai, the developed "robot Manzai" system received higher evaluations than the Manzai shown in a video performed by humans. We believe that this system demonstrates the potential of robots as a passive-social medium, including television and computers.
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(2008): A really big picture of social intelligence. In: Journal of Personality Assessment 90 (1), S. 102-104. DOI: 10.1080/00223890701468667
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701468667 Abstract: Reviews the book, Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships by D. Goleman (see record [rid]2006-13172-000[/rid]). This book deals with a topic that has been of interest to social scientists for a very long time, namely, how people perceive, react, and interact with the social world in which they live. The current author feels rather than focusing on the relatively narrow concept of social intelligence or on the more broadly defined domain of social effectiveness, the book covers a wide range of topics emanating from the field of social neuroscience. The reviewer discusses this book within the context of theory and research on the psychological concept of social intelligence and the more broadly defined domain of social effectiveness. The current author feels that this book failed to do what the current author had hoped it might from the perspective of the literature on social effectiveness. This book is not about social intelligence; it does not address of deal in any extensive manner with the history of the concept of social intelligence or its measurement. The current author feels at best this book provides some information on the more broadly defined domain of social effectiveness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2008) : Neue Wege zur leistungsbasierten Erfassung sozialer Intelligenz und erste Befunde In: Sarges, Werner; Scheffer, David (Hg.): Innovative Ansätze für die Eignungsdiagnostik: Göttingen: Hogrefe, S. 129-143
Abstract: Es wird informiert über die Entwicklung und Validierung des "Magdeburger Tests zur Sozialen Intelligenz" (SIM). Zunächst werden Überlegungen zur Bedeutung sozialer Kompetenzen in der Eignungsdiagnostik angestellt und terminologische Aspekte geklärt. Außerdem werden einige grundlegende methodische Probleme bei der Messung sozialer Intelligenz einschließlich möglicher Lösungen beschrieben: fehlender Theoriebezug; unsystematische Verwendung von Messkonzepten und Aufgabeninhalten; fehlender Realitätsbezug; dekontextualisierte Stimuli. Im SIM wird soziales Verständnis durch Szenarien erfasst. In Aufgaben zum sozialen Gedächtnis werden Probanden in limitierter Darbietungszeit mit sozialen Stimuli konfrontiert, deren Details sie anschließend korrekt erinnern sollen. Bei den Aufgaben zur sozialen Wahrnehmung werden Zielreize präsentiert, auf die die Probanden im anschließend gezeigten Aufgabenmaterial so schnell wie möglich reagieren sollen. Ein Validierung wurde an einer Stichprobe von 126 Studierenden vorgenommen. Strukturbefunde und Befunde zu den Außenbezügen sozialer Intelligenz werden mitgeteilt. Es wird betont, dass es mit den bisherigen Arbeiten gelungen ist, das facettentheoretisch konzipierte Modell der sozialen Intelligenz zu operationalisieren, leistungsbasiert reliabel zu erfassen und einige Aspekte der Konstruktvalidität nach innen (Binnenstruktur) und nach außen (Abgrenzung von der akademischen Intelligenz und allgemeinen auditiven Fähigkeiten) zu belegen.
Keywords: Berufs- und arbeitspsychologische Tests, Comprehension, development & validation of Magdeburger Test zur Sozialen Intelligenz (SIM), Eignungsdiagnostik, Eignungstests, facet theory concept of social intelligence & construct validity & discriminative validity, Aptitude Measures, Gedächtnis, Intelligence, Intelligenz, MEMORY, Occupational & Employment Testing, performance-based test for assessment of social intelligence, Personality Measures, Personality Scales & Inventories, Persönlichkeitstests, Social Perception, Social Skills, Soziale Fertigkeiten, Soziale Intelligenz, Soziale Wahrnehmung, Test Construction, Test Reliability, Test Validity, Testkonstruktion, Testreliabilität, Testvalidität, Verständnis -
(2008) : Are bigger robots scary? —The relationship between robot size and psychological threat—: 2008 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics: Xian, China: IEEE, S. 546-551
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2008.4601719 Abstract: Human symbiosis service robots of various sizes have already been developed. However, few quantitative investigations have been made concerning the influence of the size of a robot on a userpsilas impression. We focused on the height of a robot (robot size), investigating the effect of robot size on the anxiety or threat felt by a human to be caused by a robot and the appropriate human-robot distance. We prepared three mobile robots that were 0.6 m, 1.2 m and 1.8 m tall. One of these robots approached a male subject from a distance of 3 m, at a maximum speed of 0.4 m/s, and the subject stopped the robot using a switch when he began to feel anxious. We measured the distance between the human and the robot when the subject stopped the robot. Then, we asked the subject to complete a questionnaire to evaluate differences in anxiety levels caused by robots of different sizes. As a result of the experiment based on 19 subjects, we were able to observe a tendency for the human-robot distance to increase along with the size of the robot. From the questionnaires, we found that the subjects felt most anxious with the 1.8-m-tall robots, but that some subjects also experienced anxiety with the 0.6-m-tall robots. Considering both the experimental results and the questionnaires, we conclude that 1.2 m is better than other two sizes.
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(2008): Self-reported suicidal behavior and attitudes toward suicide and suicide prevention among psychology students in Ghana, Uganda, and Norway. In: Crisis 29 (1), S. 20-31. DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910.29.1.20
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18389642 Abstract: Self-reported suicidal behavior and attitudes toward suicide in psychology students are reported and compared in Ghana, Uganda, and Norway. Small differences only were found in own suicidal behavior. However, experience of suicidal behavior in the surroundings was more common in Uganda than in Ghana and Norway. Although differences were found between the three countries in attitudes toward suicide, which emphasizes the need for culture-sensitive research and prevention, many of the differences were not as big as expected. The most pronounced difference was that the Norwegian students were more reluctant to take a stand on these questions compared to their African counterparts. Some differences were also found between the two African countries. The implications of the results for suicide prevention in Africa are discussed.
Keywords: Adult, Attitude to Death/ethnology, Culture, Disziplin, Female, Ghana/epidemiology, Humans, Kulturtheorie, Male, Norway/epidemiology, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Pathologie, Prevalence, Psychologie, Psychology/education, Sozialer Raum / Kultureller Kontext, Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data, Suicide, Attempted/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data, Surveys and Questionnaires, Uganda/epidemiology -
(2008): Entscheidungsprozesse und Erwartungserwartungen. Zur Genese von Entscheidungsprozessen auf Grundlage der Theorie selbstorganisierender Systeme. Saarbrücken: VDM Verl. Dr. MüllerKeywords: entscheiden, erwarten
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(2008): Die offene Maschine. In: MLN 123 (3), S. 632-655. DOI: 10.1353/mln.0.0013
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(2008) : Schemas, Knowledge Structures, and Social Interaction In: Donsbach, Wolfgang: The international encyclopedia of communication: Vol. X: Rhetoric in Western Europe: France - Structuration Theory: Oxford u.a.: Blackwell, S. 4497-4502
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Hurrelmann, Klaus (2008): Handbuch Sozialisationsforschung. 7., vollst. überarb. Aufl.. Weinheim [u.a.]: Beltz (Pädagogik)
Keywords: Socialization -
. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering; Ieee Case; Workshop on Algorithmic Automation (2008): IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, 2008. CASE 2008 ; Arlington, Virginia, 23 - 26 Aug. 2008. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Service Center
Abstract: The conference goal is the broad coverage and dissemination of foundational research on automation among researchers, academicians, and industry practitioners. The focus is on scientific methods for automated machines and systems operating in structured environments over long periods, and also on the explicit structuring of environments.
Keywords: Automatic control, Automation, Congresses, Fertigung, Kongress, Miscellaneous, SV, Systems engineering -
(2008): Behaviour training in kindergarten. A programme for the promotion of social-emotional competence. In: PRAXIS DER KINDERPSYCHOLOGIE UND KINDERPSYCHIATRIE 57 (8-9), S. 720-722
Abstract: [-]
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(2008): Taboo, emotionally valenced, and emotionally neutral word norms. In: Behavior research methods 40 (4), S. 1065-1074. DOI: 10.3758/BRM.40.4.1065
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19001397 Abstract: Although taboo words are used to study emotional memory and attention, no easily accessible normative data are available that compare taboo, emotionally valenced, and emotionally neutral words on the same scales. Frequency, inappropriateness, valence, arousal, and imageability ratings for taboo, emotionally valenced, and emotionally neutral words were made by 78 native-English-speaking college students from a large metropolitan university. The valenced set comprised both positive and negative words, and the emotionally neutral set comprised category-related and category-unrelated words. To account for influences of demand characteristics and personality factors on the ratings, frequency and inappropriateness measures were decomposed into raters' personal reactions to the words versus raters' perceptions of societal reactions to the words (personal use vs. familiarity and offensiveness vs. tabooness, respectively). Although all word sets were rated higher in familiarity and tabooness than in personal use and offensiveness, these differences were most pronounced for the taboo set. In terms of valence, the taboo set was most similar to the negative set, although it yielded higher arousal ratings than did either valenced set. Imageability for the taboo set was comparable to that of both valenced sets. The ratings of each word are presented for all participants as well as for single-sex groups. The inadequacies of the application of normative data to research that uses emotional words and the conceptualization of taboo words as a coherent category are discussed. Materials associated with this article may be accessed at the Psychonomic Society's Archive of Norms, Stimuli, and Data, www.psychonomic.org/archive.
Keywords: Adult, Affect, Female, Humans, Male, Social Behavior, Social Values, Taboo, time, Verbal Behavior, Vocabulary -
(2008): The pragmatics of swearing. In: Journal of Politeness Research. Language, Behaviour, Culture 4 (2). DOI: 10.1515/JPLR.2008.013
Abstract: The main purpose of swearing is to express emotions, especially anger and frustration. Swear words are well suited to express emotion as their primary meanings are connotative. The emotional impact of swearing depends on ones experience with a culture and its language conventions. A cognitive psychological framework is used to account for swearing in a variety of contexts and provide a link to impoliteness research. In support of this framework, native and non-native English-speaking college students rated the offensiveness and likelihood of hypothetical scenarios involving taboo words. The ratings demonstrated that appropriateness of swearing is highly contextually variable, dependent on speaker-listener relationship, social-physical context, and particular word used. Additionally, offensiveness ratings were shown to depend on gender (for native speakers) and English experience (for non-native speakers). Collectively these data support the idea that it takes time for speakers to learn where, when, and with whom swearing is appropriate.
Keywords: Bekanntheitsgrad, Beleidigungen/swearwords etc., Contextual variability of swearing appropriateness, Favoriten, Genderabhängigkeit, (Individueller) Sprachstil, Konventionen, Kultur, Muttersprachler vs. Zweitsprachler, Relevenz von persönlichem Bekanntheitsgrad beim Benutzen von Schimpfwörtern, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Sprachgebrauch, time, Verwendung von grober Sprache/incivility -
(2008): Nature and Nurture in the Development of Social Smiling. In: Philosophical Psychology 21 (3), S. 349-357. DOI: 10.1080/09515080802190547
Abstract: Research on the origins of human social smiling is presented as a case study of how a species-specific, species-typical behavior may emerge from thousands of momentary events in which a continuously changing biological organism acts to make, respond to, and learn from its experience.
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(2008): Attribution of Mind: A Psychologist’s Contribution to the Consciousness Debate. In: Journal of consciousness studies : controversies in science & the humanities 15 (4), S. 66-82
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(2008): Etiquette-based medicine. In: The New England journal of medicine 358 (19), S. 1988-1989. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp0801863
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18463374 Abstract: Patients ideally deserve to have a compassionate doctor, but might they be satisfied with one who is simply well-behaved? When I hear patients complain about doctors, their criticism often has nothing to do with not feeling understood or empathized with. Instead, they object that “he just stared at his computer screen,” “she never smiles,” or “I had no idea who I was talking to.” During my own recent hospitalization, I found the Old World manners of my European-born surgeon — and my reaction to them — revealing in this regard. Whatever he might actually have been feeling, his behavior — dress, manners, body language, eye contact — was impeccable. I wasn't left thinking, “What compassion.” Instead, I found myself thinking, “What a professional,” and even (unexpectedly), “What a gentleman.” The impression he made was remarkably calming, and it helped to confirm my suspicion that patients may care less about whether their doctors are reflective and empathic than whether they are respectful and attentive.
Keywords: Disziplin, Education, Medical/methods, Etikette, Etiquette, Fachetiketten, Favoriten, Humans, Medizin, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Patient Care, Physician-Patient Relations, Professional Competence, Rolle (Beruf), Soziale Angemessenheit, Zugeschriebene Kompetenz -
Kämper, Heidrun; Eichinger, Ludwig M. (Hg.) (2008): Sprache - Kognition - Kultur. Sprache zwischen mentaler Struktur und kultureller Prägung. Vorträge der Jahrestagung 2007 des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache. Institut für Deutsche Sprache; Jahrestagung des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim. Berlin: De Gruyter
Abstract: Dieses Jahrbuch des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache ist dem Jahr der Geisteswissenschaften gewidmet und beleuchtet aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive das Zusammenwirken von cultural und linguistic turn. Die Beiträge aus Linguistik, Kultur- und Kognitionswissenschaft sowie Literatur- und Geschichtswissenschaft zielen darauf ab, die kulturwissenschaftlichen Traditionen der Sprachwissenschaft zu vergegenwärtigen und gleichzeitig den Anschluss der Linguistik an die modernen Forschungsrichtungen der Kulturwissenschaft zu dokumentieren: Hermeneutik, Rhetorik und Lexikographie, Kognitionstheorie und Diskursanalyse werden aus sprachwissenschaftlicher Perspektive diskutiert. Darüber hinaus beleuchten die Beiträge die Folgen des linguistic turn in den Nachbarwissenschaften exemplarisch anhand der Literaturwissenschaft und der Historiographie. Insgesamt präsentiert der Band das Spektrum von Grundlagen, Theorien und Methoden sowie anwendungsbezogene Beispiele einer kulturwissenschaftlichen Linguistik.
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(2008): The metaphysics of morals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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(2008) : Measuring human-robot team effectiveness to determine an appropriate autonomy level: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation: Pasadena, CA, USA: IEEE, S. 2146-2151
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543524 Abstract: This paper proposes a methodology to measure the effectiveness of a human-robot team as part of an adjustable autonomy system. The effectiveness measure is aimed at determining an appropriate autonomy level prior to the system’s deployment. Two competing goals need to be traded off: maximising robot performance while minimising the amount of human input. The relative importance of the two goals depend on the mission priorities and constraints which are taken into account. The proposed methodology is applied to a human-robot communication system developed for task- oriented information exchange. The robot uses a decision- theoretic framework to act autonomously and to decide when to request input from human operators. The latter is achieved by computing the value-of-information an operator is able to provide which is compared to the cost of obtaining the information. For our system, the cost parameter represents the autonomy level to be determined. We demonstrate how an appropriate autonomy level can be found experimentally using a navigation task. In our experiment, the robot navigates through a set of simulated worlds with human input being generated by a software component. The results are used to find appropriate autonomy levels for three example missions and a subsequent user study.
Keywords: Angemessen(heit) (von Technik), Anthropometry, Automation, Cognitive robotics, Communication systems, Costs, decision-theoretic framework, Human robot interaction, human-robot communication system, ieee xplore, man-machine systems, Measurement, Navigation, Robot sensing systems, Robotics, Robots, safety, software component, task-oriented information exchange -
(2008) : Sozialisation sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen In: Hurrelmann, Klaus: Handbuch Sozialisationsforschung: 7., vollst. überarb. Aufl.: Weinheim [u.a.]: Beltz (Pädagogik), S. 410-423
Abstract: Es wird im Überblick informiert über die Sozialisation sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen. Sozialisation wird verstanden als ein konstruktiver Prozess, der sich auf dem Hintergrund der kulturellen Lebenswelt in den vielfältigen sozialen Beziehungen in der Familie, in der Welt der Gleichaltrigen und in der institutionalisierten Erziehung vollzieht. Zunächst wird die Rolle kultureller Erfahrungen für die Entwicklung sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen am Beispiel der moralischen Urteilskompetenz aufgezeigt. Dann werden Sozialisationsprozesse in der Familie und in der Gruppe der Gleichaltrigen diskutiert. Abschließend werden Möglichkeiten der Förderung sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen im Kontext der institutionalisierten Erziehung dargestellt. Es wird besonders hervorgehoben, dass demokratische und partizipatorische Strukturen die Entwicklung der kognitiven und affektiven Aspekte sozio-moralischer Kompetenzen fördern. zitiert von 13
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(2008) : Scripts In: Donsbach, Wolfgang: The international encyclopedia of communication: Vol. X: Rhetoric in Western Europe: France - Structuration Theory: Oxford u.a.: Blackwell, S. 4517-4521Keywords: Schematheorie