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  • 2016

  • Uh, Stepheni (2016): The Relationship Between Sociomoral Disgust and Physical Disgust. Investigation of Facial Affect in Response to Purity and Fairness Violations. In: NEUROETHICS 9 (2)

    Abstract: There has been much recent speculation regarding the relationship between sociomoral disgust, which refers to disgust elicited by moral violations, and the type of disgust elicited by physical stimuli such a rotten food. This study investigated whether there were similar facial expressions of disgust elicited by two types of moral transgressions and physically disgusting behaviors. This study also explored whether facial muscle activity would reflect spontaneous person affect knowledge retrieval after participants were presented with minimal information regarding a person's face and behavior. The two types of moral transgressions were fairness and purity moral transgressions, which are two out of the five moral foundations (purity, fairness, harm, authority, ingroup) in the Moral Foundations Theory (Haidt and Joseph, 2004). Facial muscle activity related to disgust (levator labii) and anger as well as overall negative affect (corrugator supercilii) was recorded while participants associated faces with behavioral statements. The same facial muscle activity was also recorded while participants were shown faces that were previously associated with behavioral statements in a later task. Facial disgust reactions were similar in response to physically disgusting behaviors as well as purity transgressions, but fairness transgressions did not elicit significant facial reactions. Faces that had been previously associated with moral transgressions, physically disgusting, or neutral behaviors also did not evoke facial disgust, showing no transfer of person affective trait knowledge, contrary to previous neuroimaging findings (Todorov et al., 2007). These results suggest that purity vs. fairness transgressions differentially elicit facial disgust reactions, with only purity transgressions eliciting facial disgust activity. These results suggest that these two domains of moral transgressions differ in their similarity to the processing of physical disgust stimuli, consistent with theoretical views that posit that only some moral violations have a basis in the basic emotion of disgust.

    Keywords: Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), corrugator supercilii, Ekel, Emotionaler Zustand, Fairness, Gesicht und assoziierte Zuschreibungen, Gesichtsausdruck, Gestik/Mimik, levator labii, Mimik, Moral foundations theory by Haidt and Joseph, purity transgressing, (Un)fairness, Wut

  • 2009

  • Allison, Brian; Nejat, Goldie; Kao, Emmeline (2009): The Design of an Expressive Humanlike Socially Assistive Robot. In: Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics 1 (1). DOI: 10.1115/1.2959097

    Abstract: It is anticipated that the use of assistive robots will be one of the most important service applications of robotic systems of the future. In this paper, the development of a unique noncontact socially assistive robot consisting of a humanlike demeanor is presented for utilization in hospital wards and nursing/veteran homes to study its role and impact on the well-being of patients, addressing patient's needs and its overall effect on the quality of patient care. The robot will be an embodied entity that will participate in hands-off noncontact social interaction with a patient during the convalescence, rehabilitation, or end-of-life care stage. The robot has been designed as a platform to incorporate the three design parameters of embodiment, emotion, and nonverbal communication to encourage natural human-robot interactions. Herein, we present the overall mechanical design of the socially assistive robot focusing mainly on the development of the actuation system of the face, head, and upper body. In particular, we propose the development of a unique muscle actuation mechanism for the robotic face to allow for the display of rich facial expressions during social assistive interaction scenarios. The novelty of the actuation system is in its use of the dependency of facial muscle activity to minimize the number of individual actuators required to control the robotic face.

    Keywords: Design, Disziplin, Embodiment, emotion, Gesicht und assoziierte Zuschreibungen, Gesichtsausdruck, Gestik/Mimik, Ingenieurswissenschaft, Interaktionspartner, Mensch oder Maschine, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Nonverbal communication, Nonverbale Kommunikation, Realtechnik, Serviceroboter, Simulation von Emotionen im Gesichtsausdruck, Soziale Robotik, Technik, Übermitteln von Gefühlen/Emotionen

  • 2003

  • Adams, Reginald B.; Kleck, Robert E. (2003): Perceived gaze direction and the processing of facial displays of emotion. In: Psychological science 14 (6), S. 644-647. DOI: 10.1046/j.0956-7976.2003.psci_1479.x

    DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14629700 

    Abstract: There is good reason to believe that gaze direction and facial displays of emotion share an information value as signals of approach or avoidance. The combination of these cues in the analysis of social communication, however, has been a virtually neglected area of inquiry. Two studies were conducted to test the prediction that direct gaze would facilitate the processing of facially communicated approach-oriented emotions (e.g., anger and joy), whereas averted gaze would facilitate the processing of facially communicated avoidance-oriented emotions (e.g., fear and sadness). The results of both studies confirmed the central hypothesis and suggest that gaze direction and facial expression are combined in the processing of emotionally relevant facial information.

    Keywords: abgewendeter Blick, Affect, Angst, Blick / Gaze, Blickkontakt, Blickrichtung, Emotionaler Zustand, Emotionen, Facial Expression, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Freude, Gesicht und assoziierte Zuschreibungen, Gesichtsausdruck, Gestik/Mimik, Humans, Male, theory of mind, Traurigkeit, Visual Perception, Wut
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