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  • 2018

  • Whitaker, Lydia; Brown, Stephen L.; Young, Bridget; Fereday, Richard; Coyne, Sarah M.; Qualter, Pamela (2018): Pervasive, hard-wired and male. Qualitative study of how UK adolescents view alcohol-related aggression. In: PLoS one 13 (2). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191269

    DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29408910 

    Abstract: Laboratory studies of alcohol-inexperienced adolescents show that aggression can be primed by alcohol-related stimuli, suggesting that alcohol-related aggression is partly socially learned. Script theory proposes that alcohol-related aggression 'scripts' for social behaviors are culturally-available and learned by individuals. The purpose of the study was to understand the content and origins of alcohol-related aggression scripts learned by adolescents. This qualitative focus group study of 40 adolescents (ages 14-16 years) examined alcohol-related aggression scripts. Participants believed aggression and severe injury to be pervasive when young people drink. Viewed through a biological lens, participants described aggression as an 'instinctive' and 'hard-wired' male trait facilitated by intoxication. As such, alcohol-related aggression was not seen as intended or personally controllable and participants did not see it in moral terms. Females were largely viewed as either bystanders of inter-male aggression or potential victims of male sexual aggression. Participants attributed their views on the frequency and nature of alcohol-related aggression to current affairs and reality television, which they felt portrayed a reality of which they had little experience. The origins of the explicitly biological frameworks that participants used seemed to lie in pre-existing beliefs about the nature of gender differences. Perceptions of the pervasiveness of male alcohol-related aggression, and the consequent failure to view alcohol-related aggression in moral terms, could dispose some young people to alcohol-related aggression. Interventions could target (1) the beliefs that alcohol-related aggression is pervasive and uncontrollable in males, and (2) participants' dysfunctional views of masculinity that underpin those beliefs.

    Keywords: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Aggression, Alcohol Drinking, Alkohol, Annahme, dass Alkoholisiertheit das Verhalten unsteuerbar macht, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, Disziplin, Einfluss von Medien, Einfluss von Vorurteilen, Geschlechterrollen, Humans, Male, Psychologie, script, script theory, social behaviour, socially learned, sozial erlerntes Verhalten, sozial konstruiert, Soziologie, United Kingdom

  • 2014

  • Benson, Jennifer (2014): Freedom as Going Off Script. In: Hypatia 29 (2), S. 355-370. DOI: 10.1111/hypa.12033

    Abstract: In this manuscript I explore an example of an over-privileged white woman who encounters two young Black men in a parking garage stairwell. Two related axioms are central to the oppressive script that lies before these subjects: the hetero-patriarchal axiom that women are not safe alone at night and the racist axiom that Black men, especially young ones, are dangerous. These axioms are intended to ensure a practical conclusion white women and Black men are supposed to avoid each other thereby conferring legitimacy on the white male, hetero-patriarchal order. If this is a performance of oppression, we must ask, what is the performance of freedom? Freedom, I argue, is the practice of allowing and encouraging a subject's multiple selves to interact so that one may devise and pursue courses of action that have been strategically hidden by systems of domination designed to cultivate pliant agency. My project augments accounts of multiplicitous subjectivity wherein our multiple social worlds socially constitute persons as both oppressor and oppressed, empowered and pliant. The practice of freedom conceived here acknowledges multiplicity while positioning us to seek feminist and antiracist futures that are not configured by oppression.

    Keywords: Beeinflussung der Bewertung moralischer Urteile, Bewertung von sozialem Verhalten (/sozialer Angemessenheit), Disziplin, Einfluss von Vorurteilen, Erwartungen, Erwartungserwartung, Gender, Geschlecht, going off-script, Image, Kulturtheorie, multiplicitous subjectivity, Philosophie, Rollenermöglichung durch "going off-script", script, Soziale Rolle, Sozialverhalten
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