Alle Publikationen
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2017
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(2017): Asking simultaneously about truth and familiarity may disrupt truth effects. In: Análise Psicológica 35 (1), S. 61-71. DOI: 10.14417/ap.1121
Abstract: Tell me something that sounds familiar and I will believe it to be true. This is a statement that we should believe because it summarizes a well-documented and empirically supported effect: the illusion of truth effect (see Dechêne, Stahl, Hansen, & Wänke, 2010 for a review). The fact is we are more likely to believe in a statement if we have been previously exposed to it (e.g., Bacon, 1979; Hasher, Goldstein, & Toppino, 1977). Repetition increases truth-value, generating the illusion that repeated statements are more valid than information we never heard or read before. A general assumption of the explanations of the truth effect is that the subjective experience of processing a familiar statement is interpreted as informing about the validity of the statement (see Dechêne et al., 2010). This implies that a process of misattribution underlies repetition’s effect on judgments of truth (e.g., Bornstein & D’Agostino, 1994; Mandler, Nakamura, & Van Zandt, 1987; Schwarz & Clore, 1983). In this paper we present an experiment that tests such misattribution process by making more or less explicit the real source of the feeling of familiarity with the statements. In this way we test whether illusions of truth decrease when it is clear (vs. unclear) that familiarity is due to previous exposure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
2015
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(2015): A Framework for Social Ontology. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 46 (2), S. 147-167. DOI: 10.1177/0048393115613494
2006
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(2006): "Tu" or "Vous?" A European qualitative study of dignity and communication with older people in health and social care settings. In: Patient education and counseling 61 (3), S. 363-371. DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.04.014
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15970421 Abstract: OBJECTIVE To examine the experiences of communication between older people and health and social care providers in six European countries. METHODS Focus groups were carried out with groups of older people (91 focus groups, 391 participants), and health and social care professionals (85 focus groups, 424 participants), in order to gain insights into concepts of good communications. Data collection and analysis continued concurrently according to the method of constant comparison. RESULTS Different styles of communication between professionals and older people were found to be capable of enhancing or jeopardising dignity. The use of appropriate forms of address, listening, giving people choice, including them, respecting their need for privacy and politeness, and making them feel valued emerged as significant ways to maintain older peoples' sense of self-worth and dignity. Despite being aware of good communication practices, health and social care professionals often failed to implement them. Lack of time, staff, resource scarcity, regulation and bureaucracy were cited as barriers, as was a lack of awareness and effort. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The findings have important implications for health and social care professionals when they engage with older people.
Keywords: 80 and over, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Attitude to Health, ATTITUDES, Choice Behavior, Communication, Confidentiality, Europe, Female, Focus Groups, Health Knowledge, Humans, Intergenerational Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Morals, Personal Autonomy, practice, Professional-Patient Relations, PSYCHOLOGY, Qualitative research, Self Efficacy, Semantics, Social Values, time, Videotape Recording
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