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  • 2017

  • Gawronski, Bertram.; Armstrong, Joel.; Conway, Paul.; Friesdorf, Rebecca.; Hütter, Mandy. (2017): Supplemental Material for Consequences, Norms, and Generalized Inaction in Moral Dilemmas. The CNI Model of Moral Decision-Making. In: Journal of personality and social psychology, S. 343-376. DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000086.supp

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000086.supp 

    Abstract: Research on moral dilemma judgments has been fundamentally shaped by the distinction between utilitarianism and deontology. According to the principle of utilitarianism, the moral status of behavioral options depends on their consequences; the principle of deontology states that the moral status of behavioral options depends on their consistency with moral norms. To identify the processes underlying utilitarian and deontological judgments, researchers have investigated responses to moral dilemmas that pit one principle against the other (e.g., trolley problem). However, the conceptual meaning of responses in this paradigm is ambiguous, because the central aspects of utilitarianism and deontology—consequences and norms—are not manipulated. We illustrate how this shortcoming undermines theoretical interpretations of empirical findings and describe an alternative approach that resolves the ambiguities of the traditional paradigm. Expanding on this approach, we present a multinom ial model that allows researchers to quantify sensitivity to consequences (C), sensitivity to moral norms (N), and general preference for inaction versus action irrespective of consequences and norms (I) in responses to moral dilemmas. We present 8 studies that used this model to investigate the effects of gender, cognitive load, question framing, and psychopathy on moral dilemma judgments. The findings obtained with the proposed CNI model offer more nuanced insights into the determinants of moral dilemma judgments, calling for a reassessment of dominant theoretical assumptions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von: 3

    Keywords: Deontik, Framing Effects, Human Channel Capacity, Human Sex Differences, Judgment, Moral, Morality, Ontology (Philosophy), Psychopathy, Social Dilemma, Social Norms

  • 2013

  • Schlenoff, Craig; Pietromartire, Anthony; Kootbally, Zeid; Balakirsky, Stephen; Foufou, Sebti (2013): Ontology-based state representations for intention recognition in human–robot collaborative environments. In: Robotics and Autonomous Systems 61 (11), S. 1224-1234. DOI: 10.1016/j.robot.2013.04.004

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2013.04.004 

    Abstract: In this paper, we describe a novel approach for representing state information for the purpose of intention recognition in cooperative human–robot environments. States are represented by a combination of spatial relationships in a Cartesian frame along with cardinal direction information. This approach is applied to a manufacturing kitting operation, where humans and robots are working together to develop kits. Based upon a set of predefined high-level state relationships that must be true for future actions to occur, a robot can use the detailed state information described in this paper to infer the probability of subsequent actions occurring. This would allow the robot to better help the human with the task or, at a minimum, better stay out of his or her way. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

    Keywords: Bedienung & Handhabung, Environmental Effects, Human Machine Systems, human robot environments, Intention, intention recognition, Intentional Learning, Knowledge representation, Ontology (Philosophy), ontology based state representations, Recognition (Learning), Robotics, Spatial Learning, spatial relationships
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