Alle Publikationen
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2018
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(2018): The knowledge level in cognitive architectures. Current limitations and possible developments. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 48, S. 39-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.05.001
Abstract: In this paper we identify and characterize an analysis of two problematic aspects affecting the representational level of cognitive architectures (CAs), namely: the limited size and the homogeneous typology of the encoded and processed knowledge. We argue that such aspects may constitute not only a technological problem that, in our opinion, should be addressed in order to build artificial agents able to exhibit intelligent behaviors in general scenarios, but also an epistemological one, since they limit the plausibility of the comparison of the CAs' knowledge representation and processing mechanisms with those executed by humans in their everyday activities. In the final part of the paper further directions of research will be explored, trying to address current limitations and future challenges. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Computerwissenschaft, Disziplin, Favoriten, formale Sprache, Formalisierung, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, kognitive Architekturen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), natürliche Sprache, Ontologie, Philosophie, Realtechnik, Sprachverarbeitung, Technik, Technikphilosophie, Überblick, Weltwissen 2017
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(2017): Stereotype negation in Frame Semantics. In: Glossa: a journal of general linguistics 2 (1). DOI: 10.5334/gjgl.293Keywords: affixation, contextual coercion, frame semantics, Framesemantik, Frame-Semantik, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kontext, lexical negation, lexical rules, Lexik, Linguistik, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Negation, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachverstehen, Status / biologische Marker, Technik
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(2017): Reasoning about Imprecise Beliefs in Multi-Agent Systems with PDT Logic. In: KI - Künstliche Intelligenz 31 (1), S. 63-71. DOI: 10.1007/s13218-016-0455-7Keywords: abductive reasoning, Abduktion, abduktives Schließen, Agenten, Agenten-Überzeugung, Angemessenheit von Überzeugungen, Bedeutung, Belief updates, deutsche Community, Epistemische Logik/Modallogik/Doxastische Logik/Wissenslogik, Formalisierung, frame semantics, imprecise beliefs, Imprecise probabilities, Intellektualtechnik, Knowledge representation, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), model, Modell, Modellierung, multi-agent systems, Multi-Agenten-Systeme, PDT Logic, Probabilistic Doxastic Temporal Logic, Realtechnik, Technik, Ungenaue Überzeugungen, Wahrscheinlichkeit
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(2017): If you want a quick kiss, make it count. How choice of syntactic construction affects event construal. In: Journal of Memory and Language 94, S. 254-271. DOI: 10.1016/j.jml.2016.12.001Keywords: Ähnlichkeit, Dauer, Disziplin, Ereignis, Ereignisähnlichkeit, Ereignisdauer, Ereignisinterpretation, Ereignisverständnis, Events, frame semantics, Individuation, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Intellektualtechnik, Interpretation, Kogn. Architektur, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, kognitive Architekturen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Lexical aspect, Lexik, Light verb constructions, Linguistic framing, Linguistik, Mass–count distinction, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Realtechnik, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Sprachverstehen, Status / biologische Marker, Syntax, Technik, Verständnis
2016
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(2016): Towards a Computational Comparative Neuroprimatology. Framing the language-ready brain. In: PHYSICS OF LIFE REVIEWS 16, S. 1-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2015.09.003
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26482863 Abstract: We make the case for developing a Computational Comparative Neuroprimatology to inform the analysis of the function and evolution of the human brain. First, we update the mirror system hypothesis on the evolution of the language-ready brain by (i) modeling action and action recognition and opportunistic scheduling of macaque brains to hypothesize the nature of the last common ancestor of macaque and human (LCA-m); and then we (ii) introduce dynamic brain modeling to show how apes could acquire gesture through ontogenetic ritualization, hypothesizing the nature of evolution from LCA-m to the last common ancestor of chimpanzee and human (LCA-c). We then (iii) hypothesize the role of imitation, pantomime, protosign and protospeech in biological and cultural evolution from LCA-c to Homo sapiens with a language-ready brain. Second, we suggest how cultural evolution in Homo sapiens led from protolanguages to full languages with grammar and compositional semantics. Third, we assess the similarities and differences between the dorsal and ventral streams in audition and vision as the basis for presenting and comparing two models of language processing in the human brain: A model of (i) the auditory dorsal and ventral streams in sentence comprehension; and (ii) the visual dorsal and ventral streams in defining "what language is about" in both production and perception of utterances related to visual scenes provide the basis for (iii) a first step towards a synthesis and a look at challenges for further research.
Keywords: Animals, Ape gesture, Auditive Faktoren, Biological Evolution, Computational Biology, Cultural evolution, Dorsal and ventral stream, dorsale und ventrale Ströme, Dyadic brain modeling, dynamic brain modelling, Evolution, Gehirnfunktion, Grammatik, Humans, Im (wissenschaftlichen) Diskurs, Imitation, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, Kompositionale Semantik, Künstliche Intelligenz, Language, Language evolution, language-ready brain, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Models, Neurological, Ontologische Differenzierungen: Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Pantomime, Primates, Protosprachen, Psychomotor Performance, Realtechnik, Reflexionen über MTR, sprachbereites Gehirn, Sprache, Sprachevolution, Sprachfähigkeit, Sprachverstehen, Technik, Tier, Mensch, Maschine, Tier-Mensch-Vergleich, Vollsprachigkeit (vs. Protosprachigkeit) -
(2016): Epistemic logics for sceptical agents. In: JOURNAL OF LOGIC AND COMPUTATION 26 (6), S. 1815-1841
Abstract: In this article, we introduce an epistemic modal operator modelling knowledge over distributive non-associative full Lambek calculus with a negation. Our approach is based on the relational semantics for substructural logics: we interpret the elements of a relational frame as information states consisting of collections of data. The principal epistemic relation between the states is the one of being a reliable source of information, on the basis of which we explicate the notion of knowledge as information confirmed by a reliable source. From this point of view it is natural to define the epistemic operator formally as the backward-looking diamond modality. The framework is a generalization and extension of the system of relevant epistemic logic proposed by Majer and Peliš (2009, college Publications, 123–135) and developed by Bílková et al. (2010, college Publications, 22–38). The system is modular in the sense that the axiomatization of the epistemic operator is sound and complete with respect to a wide class of background logics, which makes the system potentially applicable to a wide class of epistemic contexts. Our system admits a weak form of logical omniscience (the monotonicity rule), but avoids stronger ones (a necessitation rule and a K-axiom) as well as some closure properties discussed in normal epistemic logics (like positive and negative introspection). For these properties we provide characteristic frame conditions, so that they can be present in the system if they are considered to be appropriate for some specific epistemic context. We also prove decidability of the weakest epistemic logic we consider, using a filtration method. Finally, we outline further extensions of our framework to a multiagent system
Keywords: Agenten, Agenten-Überzeugung, Disziplin, epistemic modal operator, Epistemische Logik/Modallogik/Doxastische Logik/Wissenslogik, Epistemische Operatoren, frame semantics, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), mögliche Welten, mögliche Welten Theorie, multi-agent systems, Multi-Agenten-Systeme, Philosophie, possible worlds theory, Realtechnik, relational frame, Sprache, Sprachtheorie, Sprachverstehen, Technik -
(2016) : Modularization of skill ontologies for industrial robots In: VDE: Proceedings of ISR 2016: 47st International Symposium on Robotics: Berlin: VDE Verlag GmbH, S. 1-6. Online verfügbar unter https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7559114/
Abstract: With industrial robots ready to take the next step in mastering manufacturing tasks new approaches to reduce the programming effort are needed. This is achieved by introducing skills as robot "know-how" and using them as a higher abstraction level of robot instructions during programming. The skills are reusable items providing motion control and rich declarative descriptions of complex robot capabilities. Storing the skills requires an adequate knowledge representation model that enables reuse and reasoning on skills and simplifies knowledge management. In this paper we report on development of a skill representation model and its implementation in a knowledge base. The developed model is effectively a class hierarchy of the skill concepts implemented in a modularized ontology structure. The resulting model clarifies the intrinsic concepts of a skill and presents a module structure that enables the future development and reuse of skills in general.
2015
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(2015): Disrupting morphosyntactic and lexical semantic processing has opposite effects on the sample entropy of neural signals. In: BRAIN RESEARCH 1604, S. 1-14
Abstract: Converging evidence in neuroscience suggests that syntax and semantics are dissociable in brain space and time. However, it is possible that partly disjoint cortical networks, operating in successive time frames, still perform similar types of neural computations. To test the alternative hypothesis, we collected EEG data while participants read sentences containing lexical semantic or morphosyntactic anomalies, resulting in N400 and P600 effects, respectively. Next, we reconstructed phase space trajectories from EEG time series, and we measured the complexity of the resulting dynamical orbits using sample entropy an index of the rate at which the system generates or loses information over time. Disrupting morphosyntactic or lexical semantic processing had opposite effects on sample entropy: it increased in the N400 window for semantic anomalies, and it decreased in the P600 window for morphosyntactic anomalies. These findings point to a fundamental divergence in the neural computations supporting meaning and grammar in language. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Bedeutung, Bedeutung und Grammatik, Bedeutungszusammenhang, frame semantics, Grammar, Grammatiktheorie, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, lexikalische Semantik, Meaning, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Neurowissenschaften, Sprache, Sprachverarbeitung, Sprachverstehen, Technik, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten -
(2015): A framework for constructing cognition ontologies using WordNet, FrameNet, and SUMO. In: COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH 33, S. 122-144
Abstract: Psychoinformatics is an emerging discipline that uses tools from the information sciences to organize psychological data. This article supports that objective by proposing a framework for constructing cognition ontologies by using WordNet, FrameNet, and the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO). The first section describes the major characteristics of each of these tools. WordNet is a large lexical data base that was begun in the 1980s by George Miller. FrameNet is a database of event schemas based on a theory of frame semantics developed by the linguist Charles Fillmore. SUMO is a formal ontology of concepts expressed in mathematical logic that supports deductive reasoning. The next section discusses the objectives of science ontologies and includes examples for psychoses and for emotion. The article then describes potential applications of cognition ontologies for (1) studying how people organize knowledge, (2) analyzing major theoretical concepts such as abstraction, and (3) formulating premises that can serve as a link between informal taxonomies and formal ontologies. The final section discusses extending cognition ontologies to related domains such as artificial intelligence and cognitive neuroscience.
Keywords: Computerwissenschaft, Disziplin, frame semantics, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, kognitive Architekturen, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, Korpus, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Postkasten, psychoinformatics, Psychoinformatik, Psychologie, Realtechnik, Technik, Wissensstrukturierung 2014
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(2014): Believing on trust. In: Synthese 191 (9), S. 2009-2028. DOI: 10.1007/s11229-013-0376-z
Abstract: The aim of the paper is to propose a way in which believing on trust can ground doxastic justification and knowledge. My focus will be the notion of trust that plays the role depicted by such cases as concerned Hardwig (J Philos 82:335-49, 1985; J Philos 88:693-708, 1991) in his early papers, papers that are often referenced in recent debates in social epistemology. My primary aim is not exegetical, but since it sometimes not so clear what Hardwig's claims are, I offer some remarks of interpretation that might be of interest. The main purpose of the paper, however, is this: following various cues in Hardwig's writing, I specify certain epistemic properties of agents in social systems, such that, roughly speaking, for agents to know (or be justified in believing) what the 'system knows', social relations of epistemic trust between agents in the system are necessary. I will suggest that we can view this social form of epistemic trust as non-inferential dispositions to believe what some individual or other source of information asserts or transmits. When this disposition is discriminating and defeater-sensitive, it can ground knowledge and justification. Or, more cautiously, we should be sympathetic to this view if we are inclined to accept the core insight of process reliabilism. Finally, I will offer some remarks about how epistemic trust and epistemic reasons may relate on this picture.
Keywords: Agenten-Überzeugung, Annahmen, Disziplin, Epistemische Logik/Modallogik/Doxastische Logik/Wissenslogik, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Philosophie, Realtechnik, social systems, Sozialverstehen, Technik, Trust, Überzeugung, Vertrauen 2013
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(2013): Does It Matter Where You Read the News Story?. Interaction of Incivility and News Frames in the Political Blogosphere. In: Communication Research 41 (6), S. 809-827. DOI: 10.1177/0093650212449353
Abstract: The political blogosphere is replete with uncivil discussions and is apt to examine the influence of incivility on news frames. The present study brings in literature from incivility and framing effects and uses two experiments to examine the influence of incivility on news frames for democratic outcomes such as willingness to participate, online participation, openmindedness, and attitude certainty. Primary findings indicate the detrimental effects of incivility causing less openmindedness and more attitude certainty. At the same time, incivility causes more willingness to participate and online participation. More importantly, the findings demonstrate how incivility interacts with news frames. Implications for news framing effects in the social media landscape are discussed.
Keywords: doppelter Treffer, Good manners, Höflichkeit, Impoliteness, Informations- & Kommunikationstechnik, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Literatur/Zeitschriften/Medien, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), news, News framing, news-frame, Realtechnik, Situationsbedingter Kontext, social media, Soziale Angemessenheit, soziale Medien, Sprachgebrauch, Technik, Verwendung von grober Sprache/incivility 2012
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(2012): Surprising connections between knowledge and action. The robustness of the epistemic side-effect effect. In: Philosophical Psychology 25 (5), S. 689-715. DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2011.622439
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(2012): Frame-Semantik. Ein Kompendium. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. Online verfügbar unter http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110269451
Abstract: Frame semantics is an important recent development in linguistic theory that links linguistics, cognitive psychology, general cognitive science, and AI research. This handbook-style introductory work, which is the first to com-prehensively consider the topic from a linguistic perspective, discusses the most important frame models and their theoretical roots, applications, and implications. The handbook format allows each chapter to be read and used individually Frame semantics is an important recent development in linguistic theory that links linguistics, cognitive psychology, general cognitive science, and AI research. This handbook-style introductory work, which is the first to com-prehensively consider the topic from a linguistic perspective, discusses the most important frame models and their theoretical roots, applications, and implications. The handbook format allows each chapter to be read and used individually. Dietrich Busse,Universität Düsseldorf.
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(2012): One’s a Crowd?. On Greenwood’s Delimitation of the Social. In: Philosophy of the Social Sciences 43 (4), S. 519-530. DOI: 10.1177/0048393112454335
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0048393112454335 Abstract: In an effort to carve a distinct place for social facts without lapsing into a holistic ontology, John Greenwood has sought to define social phenomena solely in terms of the attitudes held by the actor(s) in question. I argue that his proposal allows for the possibility of a “lone collectivity” that is (1) unpalatable in its own right and (2) incompatible with the claim that sociology is autonomous from psychology. As such, I conclude that the relevant beliefs need to be held by more than one person.
Keywords: Anerkennung und kollektive Intentionalität, Durkheim, Game Theory, Gilbert, Gruppennorm, Gruppenverhalten / Joint Action, individualism, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, kollektive Intentionalität, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Natur & Genese von Normen, Ontology, philosophy of the social sciences, Realtechnik, social psychology, Sociology, Technik, Theorie der Normen und Kollektive Repräsentationen (Durkheim) 2007
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(2007): A Dual Mechanism Neural Framework for Social Understanding. In: Philosophical Psychology 20 (1), S. 43-63. DOI: 10.1080/09515080601085864
Abstract: In this paper a theoretical framework is proposed for how the brain processes the information necessary for us to achieve the understanding of others that we experience in our social worlds. Our framework attempts to expand several previous approaches to more fully account for the various data on interpersonal understanding and to respond to theoretical critiques in this area. Specifically, we propose that social understanding must be achieved by at least two mechanisms in the brain that are capable of parallel information processing. The first mechanism, based on research into mirror matching systems in the brain, suggests that representations of others are mapped onto an observer's representations of these same schemas in order to understand them. The second mechanism requires semantic analysis of a given social situation in order to understand the actions of others and most likely involves conscious processes. We suggest that experimental correlates of these systems should be dissociable using both behavioral and neuroimaging techniques.
Keywords: Gehirnfunktion, Intellektualtechnik, Interaktionspartner, interpersonal, interpersonal communication, Kogn. Architektur, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, kognitive Architekturen, Kognitive Skills/Social Cognition, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Neuronale Netzwerke, Neurowissenschaften, Philosophical Psychology, Realtechnik, Semantics, Semantik, Situationsbedingter Kontext, Sozialverstehen, Technik, theory of mind 2005
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(2005): Opinion. The neural basis of human moral cognition. In: Nature reviews. Neuroscience 6 (10), S. 799-809. DOI: 10.1038/nrn1768
DOI: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16276356 Abstract: Moral cognitive neuroscience is an emerging field of research that focuses on the neural basis of uniquely human forms of social cognition and behaviour. Recent functional imaging and clinical evidence indicates that a remarkably consistent network of brain regions is involved in moral cognition. These findings are fostering new interpretations of social behavioural impairments in patients with brain dysfunction, and require new approaches to enable us to understand the complex links between individuals and society. Here, we propose a cognitive neuroscience view of how cultural and context-dependent knowledge, semantic social knowledge and motivational states can be integrated to explain complex aspects of human moral cognition.
Keywords: Beeinflussung sozial angemessenen Verhaltens, Brain/physiology, chemisch / neurologisch / medikamentös / durch Substanzen, Cognition/physiology, Disziplin, Good manners, Humans, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kultursensibilität, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Moral und Kognition, moralisches Wissen, Morals, Neural Pathways/physiology, Neurosciences/methods, Neurowissenschaften, Normen, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Postkasten, Psychologie, Soziale Angemessenheit, Technik 1997
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(1997): Long Short-Term Memory. In: Neural Computation 9 (8), S. 1735-1780. DOI: 10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 Abstract: Learning to store information over extended time intervals via recurrent backpropagation takes a very long time, mostly due to insucient, decaying error back ow. We brie y review Hochreiter's 1991 analysis of this problem, then address it by introducing a novel, ecient, gradient-based method called \Long Short-Term Memory" (LSTM). Truncating the gradient where this does not do harm, LSTM can learn to bridge minimal time lags in excess of 1000 discrete time steps by enforcing constant error ow through \constant error carrousels" within special units. Multiplicative gate units learn to open and close access to the constant error ow. LSTM is local in space and time; its computational complexity per time step and weight is O(1). Our experiments with articial data involve local, distributed, real-valued, and noisy pattern representations. In comparisons with RTRL, BPTT, Recurrent Cascade-Correlation, Elman nets, and Neural Sequence Chunking, LSTM leads to many more successful runs, and learns much faster. LSTM also solves complex, articial long time lag tasks that have never been solved by previous recurrent network algorithms.
Keywords: deutsche Community, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, kognitive Architekturen, Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Neuronale Netzwerke, Programmieren, Realtechnik, Sprachverstehen, Technik, Wiedererkennen / Erinnerung / Erkennen von Personen und Sitautionen, Social Recognition 1995
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(1995): Emotion as a natural kind. Towards a computational foundation for emotion theory. In: Philosophical Psychology 8 (1), S. 59-84. DOI: 10.1080/09515089508573145
Abstract: In this paper I link two hitherto disconnected sets of results in the philosophy of emotions and explore their implications for the computational theory of mind. The argument of the paper is that, for just the same reasons that some computationalists have thought that cognition may be a natural kind, so the same can plausibly be argued of emotion. The core of the argument is that emotions are a representation‐governed phenomenon and that the explanation of how they figure in behaviour must as such be undertaken in those terms. I conclude with some interdisciplinary reflections in defence of the hypothesis that emotions might be more fundamental in the organization of behaviour than cognition; that, in effect, we may be emoters before we are cognizers. The aim of the paper is: (1) to introduce a number of promising results in philosophical and empirical emotion theory to a wider audience; and (2) to begin the task of organizing those results into a computational theoretical framework.
1976
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(1976): Frame Semantics and the Nature of Language, S. 20-32Keywords: Ereignisverständnis, Fillmore, frame semantics, Frame-Semantik, framing, Intellektualtechnik, Kogn. Architektur, Kommunikation, Linguistik, Mensch-Technik-Relationen (MTR), Sprache, Sprachphilosophie, Sprachverstehen, Technik, Überblick, Übersicht zu Framesemantik, Voraussetzungen für sozial angemessenes Verhalten
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