Alle Publikationen
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2015
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(2015): Measuring communication participation to initiate conversation in human–robot interaction. In: International Journal of Social Robotics 7 (5), S. 889-910. DOI: 10.1007/s12369-015-0285-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-015-0285-z Abstract: Consider a situation where a robot initiates a conversation with a person. What is the appropriate timing for such an action? Where is a good position from which to make the initial greeting? In this study, we analyze human interactions and establish a model for a natural way of initiating conversation. Our model mainly involves the participation state and spatial formation. When a person prepares to participate in a conversation and a particular spatial formation occurs, he/she feels that he/she is participating in the conversation; once he/she perceives his/her participation, he/she maintains particular spatial formations. Theories have addressed human communication related to these concepts, but they have only covered situations after people start to talk. In this research, we created a participation state model for measuring communication participation and provided a clear set of guidelines for how to structure a robot’s behavior to start and maintain a conversation based on the model. Our model precisely describes the constraints and expected behaviors for the phase of initiating conversation. We implemented our proposed model in a humanoid robot and conducted both a system evaluation and a user evaluation in a shop scenario experiment. It was shown that good recognition accuracy of interaction state in a conversation was achieved with our proposed model, and the robot implemented with our proposed model was evaluated as best in terms of appropriateness of behaviors and interaction efficiency compared with other two alternative conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
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(2015): Sexism in Language and Talk-in-Interaction. In: Journal of Language and Social Psychology 34 (4), S. 410-426. DOI: 10.1177/0261927X15586574
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X15586574 Abstract: Feminists have long recognised important relationships between language and a gendered social order that disadvantages women. At the establishment of gender and language as a field of academic inquiry, work documented sexism in language—the ways words were used to ignore, narrowly define, or demean women. Using feminist conversation analysis, this article further develops that early work by considering recorded instances of gender and sexism in talk. A broad notion of 'gender trouble' was used to identify 50 relevant cases from everyday interactions. Two sexist language issues that were evident in the collection are presented in this article—the derogation of women and participants’ orientations to gender inclusiveness. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of sexism in language by examining how instances of it unfold over turns of talk. The study is discussed with respect to the methodological tensions inherent in feminist conversation analysis. (PsycI NFO Data base Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
2014
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(2014): Perspective-taking in dialogue as self-organization under social constraints. In: New Ideas in Psychology 32, S. 131-146. DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2013.03.004
Abstract: We present a dynamical systems account of how simple social information influences perspective-taking. Our account is motivated by the notion that perspective-taking may obey common dynamic principles with perceptuomotor coupling. We turn to the prominent HKB dynamical model of motor coordination, drawing from basic principles of self-organization to describe how conversational perspective-taking unfolds in a low-dimensional attractor landscape. We begin by simulating experimental data taken from a simple instruction-following task, in which participants have different expectations about their interaction partner. By treating belief states as different values of a control parameter, we show that data generated by a basic dynamical process fits overall egocentric and other-centric response distributions, the time required for participants to enact a response on a trial-by-trial basis, and the action dynamics exhibited in individual trials. We end by discussing the theoretical significance of dynamics in dialog, arguing that high-level coordination such as perspective-taking may obey similar dynamics as perceptuomotor coordination, pointing to common principles of adaptivity and flexibility during dialog
Keywords: adaptivity, ADDRESSEES, Communication, Conversation, dynamic systems theory, Dynamical systems, EYE-MOVEMENTS, HKB dynamical model of motor coordination, INTERPERSONAL COORDINATION, JOINT ACTION, Kognitionswissenschaft/Social Sciences/Humanities, Language, LANGUAGE USE, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, PERCEPTION, PERSPECTIVE-TAKING, social information, Spatial cognition, SPEAKERS, TRANSITIONS, Volltreffer -
(2014): Power Gets You High. In: Social Psychological and Personality Science 6 (4), S. 472-480. DOI: 10.1177/1948550614566857
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550614566857 Abstract: Inspiration is a source of admirable creation—but where do people get it from? We propose that power allows individuals to draw inspiration from the self. Four studies involving different social settings and operationalizations support this idea. Study 1 revealed that greater power is associated with more self-derived inspiration and less other-derived inspiration. In Study 2, participants with a higher sense of power were more inspired by their own than by their partners’ stories in face-to-face conversations, whereas lower power participants were not. In Study 3, higher power people spontaneously generated more inspiring stories involving themselves than did lower power people. Finally, participants in Study 4 felt more inspired after writing about their own experiences than after writing about someone else’s, especially after having been primed with high rather than low power. These findings suggest that powerful people prioritize themselves over others in social interac tion because this is emotionally rewarding for them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 14
Keywords: Achievement Motivation, Classification (Cognitive Process), Conversation, Extrinsic Motivation, Impression Formation, Interaction, Interaktionsforschung, Interpersonal Control, Intrinsic Motivation, Persönlichkeitspsychologie, POWER, Self-Concept, social interaction, Sozialpsychologie, Storytelling 2012
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(2012): Language as Social Coordination. An evolutionary perspective. In: Interaction Studies 13 (1), S. 103-124. DOI: 10.1075/is.13.1.07fus
Abstract: Human social coordination is often mediated by language. Through verbal dialogue, people direct each other's attention to properties of their shared environment, they discuss how to jointly solve problems, share their introspections, and distribute roles and assignments. In this article, we propose a dynamical framework for the study of the coordinative role of language. Based on a review of a number of recent experimental studies, we argue that shared symbolic patterns emerge and stabilize through a process of local reciprocal linguistic alignment. Such patterns in turn come to facilitate and refine social coordination by enabling the alignment, joint construction and navigation of conceptual models and actions. Implications of the framework are illustrated and discussed in relation to a case study where dyads of interlocutors interact verbally to reach joint decisions in a perceptual discrimination task.
Keywords: adaptivity, affordances, Communication, CONSTRAINTS, Conversation, dialogue, emergence, Evolution, HUMAN-COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, INTERACTING MINDS, Interaction, Interaktion, INTERPERSONAL COORDINATION, JOINT ACTION, Koordination, Language, linguistic alignment, Linguistik, PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, social coordination, symbolic patterns -
(2012) : Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis In: Cooper, Harris; Camic, Paul; Long, Debra; Panter, Abigail T.; Rindskopf, David; Sher, Kenneth J. (Hg.): APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol 2: Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological: Washington: American Psychological Association, S. 103-117
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/13620-007 Abstract: Ethnomethodology (EM) and conversation analysis (CA) are the somewhat confusing names of two related research traditions that were developed in the 1960s in the United States by Harold Garfinkel and by Harvey Sacks (with his coworkers Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson), respectively. The contexts for their initiatives were the theoretical and methodological debates in sociology that were current at the time. Since then, EM and CA have become more or less established paradigms that have attracted researchers from a range of disciplines around the world. As a first characterization, one can note their interest in the detailed ways in which members of society collaboratively constitute the situations in which they find themselves and the (inter)actions that take place in those situations. The general sociological issue of social order is reconsidered as a local achievement of members in situations, and the research objective is to explicate how this is done in an accounta ble way. CA can be seen as a specialized form of EM, originally focusing on verbal interaction and later also considering nonvocal aspects. It has developed a rather specific, relatively conventionalized research style using audio or video recordings and detailed transcripts as basic data. Other forms of EM use a much wider range of data types, such as ethnographic observations, while the approach is closely fitted to the chosen topic and the properties of the research site. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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Rasmussen, Gitte (2012): Evaluating cognitive competences in interaction. Amsterdam: Benjamins (Pragmatics & beyond)
Abstract: Evaluation is a part of everyday life. Competences, knowledge and skills are assessed in ordinary as well as in institutional settings like hospitals, clinics and schools. This volume investigates how evaluations are being carried out interactionally. More specifically, it explores how people evaluate each others' cognitive competences as they deal with each others' understandings, knowings, feelings, doings, hearings and learnings face-to-face. The contributions focus on different evaluation activities in a variety of Institutional settings in Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Holland and the United States of America. All the contributions approach the theme by use of Ethnomethodology (EM) and/or Conversation Analysis (CA). Thus, the analytic interests concern how participants organize activities of evaluating cognitive competences by means of recognizable interactional methods. This approach differs from other approaches and research interests within cognitive science as it con centrate s on how people in interaction orient towards cognitive competence irrespective of scientific theories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 3
2010
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(2010): Constituting face in conversation. Face, facework, and interactional achievement. In: Journal of Pragmatics 42 (8), S. 2078-2105. DOI: 10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2009.12.021 Abstract: Face Constituting Theory addresses the question “How do participants achieve face in everyday talk?” explaining face and facework as achieved by participants engaged in face-to-face communication in situated relationships. Outlining the theory involves first sketching the Conjoint Co-constituting Model of Communication as a conceptualization of the achieving of meaning and action in interaction, and second conceptualizing face as a relational phenomenon at both culture-general and culture-specific levels. Using these conceptualizations, Face Constituting Theory explains face as participants’ interpretings of relational connectedness and separateness, conjointly co-constituted in talk/conduct-in-interaction. Face Constituting Theory adds to this explanation a new conceptualization of how of face interpretings are evaluated as threatening to, in stasis, or supportive of relationships, drawing into a single explanation the full range of observations on facework from outright face threat, through face maintenance, to outright face support. Consistent with ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, Face Constituting Theory is framed from the participant's perspective, and applying the theory in examining the achievement of face in an instance of everyday interaction both illustrates the application of the new theory in research, and indicates how it is distinct from the approaches existing theories employ in studying face and facework.
Keywords: Angesicht, Communication, Conversation, Disziplin, Dritte Welle, Face, Face-Constituting View, Facework, Favoriten, Gesichtswahrung, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der dritten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Interaction, Kultur, Kulturdifferenz, Kulturelle Normen, Kulturspezifizität, Kulturtheorie, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Relationship, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Status / biologische Marker 2009
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(2009) : Face as emergent in interpersonal communication: An alternative to Goffman In: Bargiela-Chiappini, Francesca; Haugh, Michael (Hg.): Face, communication and social interaction: First published 2009: Sheffield, United Kingdom: Equinox Publishing Ltd, S. 33-54Keywords: Angesicht, Communication, Conversation, Disziplin, Dritte Welle, Face, Face-Constituting View, Facework, Favoriten, Gesichtswahrung, Höflichkeit, Höflichkeitsforschung, Höflichkeitsforschung der dritten Welle, (Im)Politeness Research, Interaction, Kultur, Kulturtheorie, Linguistik, Modelle/Theorien, Observablen/Kriterien für sozial angemessenes Verhalten und dessen Bewertung, Soziale Angemessenheit, Sprachgebrauch, Status / biologische Marker
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(2009) : Conversational inference. Social cognition as interactional intelligence In: Strack, Fritz; Förster, Jens; Strack, Fritz (Ed); Förster, Jens (Ed) (Hg.): Social cognition: The basis of human interaction: New York, NY, US: Psychology Press, S. 71-92
Abstract: The term social cognition has been used by psychologists to describe distinct objects of study. In one meaning, social cognition can be characterized as the application of cognitive psychology to understand how judgments are made about social objects. So, cognitive theories about category prototypes were used to understand stereotypes about social groups, and the distinction between automatic and controlled processing has been used by social psychologists to better understand social judgment processes such as sentencing offenders in a criminal court. In this chapter, the author is concerned with a different sense of social cognition, namely, the social psychology of higher mental processes. In this view, social cognition informs the process of understanding itself through equipping individuals with the interactional intelligence that enables them to communicate with others through successful language use and understanding. The author presents some recent thinking in linguistics to illustrate this perspective before returning to its implications for the psychology of reasoning and judgment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Keywords: Adjudication, Cognition, Cognitions, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive psychology, Comprehension, Conversation, conversational inference, higher mental processes, Inference, interactional intelligence, Interpersonal Interaction, Judgment, Kognitionswissenschaften, Language, LANGUAGE USE, Linguistics, PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, Social Cognition, Reasoning, Social intelligence, social judgments, Soziale Intelligenz, Sozialpsychologie, understanding 2005
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(2005): Explorations in engagement for humans and robots. In: Artificial Intelligence 166 (1), S. 140-164. DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2005.03.005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2005.03.005 Abstract: This paper explores the concept of engagement, the process by which individuals in an interaction start, maintain and end their perceived connection to one another. The paper reports on one aspect of engagement among human interactors—the effect of tracking faces during an interaction. It also describes the architecture of a robot that can participate in conversational, collaborative interactions with engagement gestures. Finally, the paper reports on findings of experiments with human participants who interacted with a robot when it either performed or did not perform engagement gestures. Results of the human–robot studies indicate that people become engaged with robots: they direct their attention to the robot more often in interactions where engagement gestures are present, and they find interactions more appropriate when engagement gestures are present than when they are not.
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(2005): System-initiated digressive proposals in automated human–computer telephone dialogues: the use of contrasting politeness strategies. In: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 62 (1), S. 41-71. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.08.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.08.001 Abstract: System-initiated digressive proposals may be used to introduce new and unexpected information into automated telephone services. These digressions may be viewed as particularly pronounced forms of unsolicited interruptions as they contain information not directly related to the caller's intended activity. In human-human conversation, interruptions are considered to be speech acts which intrinsically threaten both the positive and negative face wants of the addressee and conversants adopt specific verbal strategies to mitigate the negative impact of their interruptions. A question therefore arises whether the introduction of face redressive expressions, based on human-human conversational strategies, into the design of system-initiated proposals in automated services can mitigate the negative impact of the interruptions. A usability experiment was conducted to examine the effectiveness of three contrasting politeness strategies for system-initiated digressions in a mass-market telephone banking dialogue using speech recognition technology. Participants (N= 111) experienced these proposals while using the automated service to perform banking tasks. Results indicated that all these system-initiated digressions-irrespective of politeness strategy employed-had a negative impact on the user attitudes towards the service. This paper reports these results and explores participants' perceptions of the politeness styles and registers employed in the system-initiated proposals.
2003
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(2003) : Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis. In: Reynolds, Larry T.: Handbook of symbolic interactionism: Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press, S. 173-202
Abstract: Over the past thirty years, symbolic interactionists have proposed, on one hand, a synthesis between symbolic interactionism and ethnomethodology, or, on the other hand, that these two forms of sociology are philosophically, conceptually, and methodologically incompatible. In reply, ethnomethodologists argue that neither the synthetic version nor the incompatibility hypothesis accurately understands ethnomethodology. Conversation analysis, which is related to ethnomethodology, no doubt gets painted by the same brushstrokes, and conversation analysts would raise similar objections to arguments about either synthesis or incompatibility. We agree that a synthesis between symbolic interactionism (SI) and ethnomethodology (EM) and conversation analysis (CA) is not possible. However, we do view SI and EM/CA as at least partly congruent. A chapter on EM and CA, accordingly, has a place in a book that is mainly about SI, and we aim to describe EM and CA and their approaches to th e study of everyday life and interaction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved) zitiert von 110
2002
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(2002): Reparaturen. Routinen, die Gesprache zur Routine machen. In: Linguistische Berichte 192, S. 417-456
Abstract: Gespache werden als storanfallige Routinen charakterisiert, und die Rolle von lokalen Verstandigungspoblemen und Reparaturen im Verlauf von Gesprachen wird erortert. Im Anschluss an eine Klarung der Begriffe der Reparatur und des Verstandigungsproblems sowie deren Verhaltnis zueinander erfolgt eine Bestandsaufnahme der Untersuchungen von E. A. Schegloff und von M. Selting zu Verstandigungsproblemen und den daraus abgeleiteten Vorschlagen zur Kategorisierung von Reparaturen. Die beiden Typologien von Reparaturen werden integriert. Anschliessend werden Reparatursequenzen vorgestellt, die eine Erweiterung der Typologie nahelegen. An einem konkreten Fall wird der Routinecharakter von Gesprachen und Reparaturen verdeutlicht. Im Lichte der dargelegten Befunde wird eine Bewertung der Annahme vorgenommen, dass Typen von Reparaturen stark mit bestimmten Problemtypen korrelieren und es dadurch den Beteiligten erlauben, Probleme im jeweiligen Gesprachszusammenhang routiniert und hinreichend genau zu identifizieren und interaktiv zu uberwinden. zitiert von 10
1995
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(1995) : Qualitative Erforschung sozialer Regeln In: König, Eckard: Bilanz qualitativer Forschung: Methoden: Dr. nach Typoskript: Weinheim: Dt. Studien-Verl., S. 425-435
Abstract: Es wird ein Überblick über die qualitative Erforschung sozialer Regeln gegeben. Nach einleitenden Anmerkungen zu Grundproblemen der Regelerfassung werden methodische Zugänge zur Erfassung sozialer Regeln besprochen. Anschließend werden exemplarisch drei forschungsmethodische Ansätze dargestellt: (1) Konversationsanalyse, (2) objektive Hermeneutik von U. Oevermann, (3) Komplementäranalyse. Es wird deutlich gemacht, dass die Entwicklung methodisch abgesicherter Verfahren zur Regelerfassung erst begonnen hat.
Keywords: Data Collection, Conversation, Empirical Methods, hermeneutics, Methodology, rules, Social Norms, Sonstiges
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